RESUMEN
This paper reviews a number of biomedical engineering approaches to help aid in the detection and treatment of tropical diseases such as dengue, malaria, cholera, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, ebola, leprosy, leishmaniasis, and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas). Many different forms of non-invasive approaches such as ultrasound, echocardiography and electrocardiography, bioelectrical impedance, optical detection, simplified and rapid serological tests such as lab-on-chip and micro-/nano-fluidic platforms and medical support systems such as artificial intelligence clinical support systems are discussed. The paper also reviewed the novel clinical diagnosis and management systems using artificial intelligence and bioelectrical impedance techniques for dengue clinical applications.
Asunto(s)
Ingeniería Biomédica/instrumentación , Impedancia Eléctrica , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/instrumentación , Medicina Tropical/instrumentación , Enfermedad de Chagas/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Chagas/patología , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/diagnóstico , Fiebre Hemorrágica Ebola/patología , Humanos , Leishmaniasis/diagnóstico , Leishmaniasis/patología , Lepra/diagnóstico , Lepra/patología , Malaria/diagnóstico , Malaria/patología , Esquistosomiasis/diagnóstico , Esquistosomiasis/patologíaRESUMEN
With the dramatic increase of the worldwide threat of dengue disease, it has been very crucial to correctly diagnose the dengue patients in order to decrease the disease severity. However, it has been a great challenge for the physicians to identify the level of risk in dengue patients due to overlapping of the medical classification criteria. Therefore, this study aims to construct a noninvasive diagnostic system to assist the physicians for classifying the risk in dengue patients. Systematic producers have been followed to develop the system. Firstly, the assessment of the significant predictors associated with the level of risk in dengue patients was carried out utilizing the statistical analyses technique. Secondly, Multilayer perceptron neural network models trained via Levenberg-Marquardt and Scaled Conjugate Gradient algorithms was employed for constructing the diagnostic system. Finally, precise tuning for the models' parameters was conducted in order to achieve the optimal performance. As a result, 9 noninvasive predictors were found to be significantly associated with the level of risk in dengue patients. By employing those predictors, 75% prediction accuracy has been achieved for classifying the risk in dengue patients using Scaled Conjugate Gradient algorithm while 70.7% prediction accuracy were achieved by using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.
Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Apoyo a Decisiones Clínicas/organización & administración , Dengue/clasificación , Dengue/diagnóstico , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Algoritmos , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Índice de Masa Corporal , Dengue/epidemiología , Hematócrito , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Recuento de Plaquetas , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Dengue Grave/clasificación , Dengue Grave/diagnóstico , Dengue Grave/epidemiología , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
This study investigated the proposition of relaxation offered by performing the Muslim prayers by measuring the alpha brain activity in the frontal (F3-F4), central (C3-C4), parietal (P3-P4), and occipital (O1-O2) electrode placements using the International 10-20 System. Nine Muslim subjects were asked to perform the four required cycles of movements of Dhuha prayer, and the EEG were subsequently recorded with open eyes under three conditions, namely, resting, performing four cycles of prayer while reciting the specific verses and supplications, and performing four cycles of acted salat condition (prayer movements without any recitations). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests revealed that there were no significant difference in the mean alpha relative power (RP(α)) between the alpha amplitude in the Dhuha prayer and the acted conditions in all eight electrode positions. However, the mean RP(α) showed higher alpha amplitude during the prostration position of the Dhuha prayer and acted condition at the parietal and occipital regions in comparison to the resting condition. Findings were similar to other studies documenting increased alpha amplitude in parietal and occipital regions during meditation and mental concentration. The incidence of increased alpha amplitude suggested parasympathetic activation, thus indicating a state of relaxation. Subsequent studies are needed to delineate the role of mental concentration, and eye focus, on alpha wave amplitude while performing worshipping acts.
Asunto(s)
Ritmo alfa/fisiología , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Islamismo/psicología , Religión , Adulto , Encéfalo/fisiología , Electroencefalografía/instrumentación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Even though the World Health Organization criteria's for classifying the dengue infection have been used for long time, recent studies declare that several difficulties have been faced by the clinicians to apply these criteria. Accordingly, many studies have proposed modified criteria to identify the risk in dengue patients based on statistical analysis techniques. None of these studies utilized the powerfulness of the self-organized map (SOM) in visualizing, understanding, and exploring the complexity in multivariable data. Therefore, this study utilized the clustering of the SOM technique to identify the risk criteria in 195 dengue patients. The new risk criteria were defined as: platelet count less than or equal 40,000 cells per mm(3), hematocrit concentration great than or equal 25% and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) rose by fivefold the normal upper limit for AST/alanine aminotransfansferase (ALT) rose by fivefold the normal upper limit for ALT. The clusters analysis indicated that any dengue patient fulfills any two of the risk criteria is consider as high risk dengue patient.
Asunto(s)
Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Dengue Grave/diagnóstico , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Dengue/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hematócrito , Humanos , Recuento de Plaquetas , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
This study presents a new approach to determine the significant prognosis factors in dengue patients utilizing the self-organizing map (SOM). SOM was used to visualize and determine the significant factors that can differentiate between the dengue patients and the healthy subjects. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) parameters and symptoms/signs obtained from the 210 dengue patients during their hospitalization were used in this study. Database comprised of 329 sample (210 dengue patients and 119 healthy subjects) were used in the study. Accordingly, two maps were constructed. A total of 35 predictors (17 BIA parameters, 18 symptoms/signs) were investigated on the day of defervescence of fever. The first map was constructed based on BIA parameters while the second map utilized the symptoms and signs. The visualized results indicated that, the significant BIA prognosis factors for differentiating the dengue patients from the healthy subjects are reactance, intracellular water, ratio of the extracellular water and intracellular water, and ratio of the extracellular mass and body cell mass.