Nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the application of the injury severity score in emergency departments: A cross-sectional multicentre study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the application of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) among emergency department nurses in China and the factors influencing these variables. BACKGROUND: ISS is the first trauma scoring method to be developed and the most widely used in clinical practice. The correct application of the ISS by emergency department nurses plays an important role in assisting in the diagnosis and treatment of trauma patients, and it is crucial to understand nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices. DESIGN: A cross-sectional multicentre study. METHODS: Nurses from the emergency departments of 25 grade II and grade III hospitals in Gansu Province, China participated in this study. Data was collected online using a self-administered questionnaire. Student's t-test or analysis of variance was performed to compare the differences between the groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified factors influencing nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding applying ISS. A STROBE checklist was used to report findings. RESULTS: Among 459 nurses, a good level of attitude and passing levels of knowledge and practice regarding applying the ISS were revealed. Nurses in higher hospital grades, who had been exposed to ISS and received training had higher levels of knowledge and practices. Previous exposure to the ISS and training related to it were factors that influenced nurses' attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese emergency department nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices of applying the ISS still need to be improved. Hospitals and nursing managers should provide training opportunities for nurses about ISS knowledge and practices, while grade II hospitals should pay more attention to training and continuing education in this area. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In hospitals, nursing managers may benefit from enhancing related education and training to promote the emergency department nurses' knowledge and practice of the ISS, by developing specific curricula and providing continuing education and training opportunities, while grade II hospitals should pay more attention to training and continuing education in this area. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTIONS: This study focused on emergency department nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the application of the ISS. The research questions and design were derived from clinical nursing practice, literature review, and expert panel review, and patients or the public are temporarily not involved.

Experience of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by healthcare professionals in emergency departments: A descriptive phenomenological study.

BACKGROUND: Emergency department healthcare professionals have the most contact with patients in cardiac arrest, and their physical and mental state has a significant impact on the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and patient outcomes. However, there is limited research discussing the experience of resuscitation by emergency department healthcare professionals. AIM: To explore the experiences of emergency department healthcare professionals in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS: A descriptive phenomenological study. The study used purposive sampling and selected 9 nurses and 6 physicians from the emergency departments of four general hospitals of different levels in western China between May 2022 and October 2022. Semi-structured interview guides and face-to-face interviews were used to collect information. Colaizzi analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The study identified 3 themes and 11 sub-themes. These themes and sub-themes include 1) emotional experience (A sense of achievement, A sense of powerlessness and trauma, Stress, Empathy, Psychological resilience strengthens), 2) cognitive growth (Understanding CPR rationally, Increasing concern for personal and family health, Mastering self-relaxation methods), and 3) the desire for continued development (Seeking professional development, Hoping for professional psychological assistance, Strengthening team support). CONCLUSIONS: The experience of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation by healthcare professionals in emergency departments is dynamic, with changes in mood and cognitive growth. Managers in hospitals should pay attention to their experiences and need at different stages of career development and actively carry out targeted cognitive guidance, skills training, and psychological support to help them achieve professional development and physical and mental health. At the same time, to promote the development of CPR for all, it is recommended that the authorities actively improve the public infrastructure for first aid and related policy protection.

Comparison of effect between internal fixation and total hip replacement in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fracture in middle age patients / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze and compare the clinical efficacy of internal fixation and total hip replacement in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fracture from 55 to 65 years.@*METHODS@#From September 2016 to August 2020, 86 patients with Garden type Ⅲ or Ⅳ femoral neck fracture were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods. Among them, 38 patients were treated with lag screws for internal fixation, there were 26 males and 12 females, aged 55 to 64 years old with an average of(60.2±3.1) years;the other 48 patients were treated with total hip replacement, including 28 males and 20 females, aged from 57 to 65 years old with an average of(61.3±3.8) years. The time from injury to operation ranged from 1 to 3 days. The reoperation rate, incidence of deep infection, Harris score of hip joint function, visual analogue scale(VAS) of pain and patients reported outcome scores(European five-dimensional Health Questionnaire, EQ-5D) were compared between two groups.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 24 to 54 months with an average of (35.8±10.3) months. There was significant difference in reoperation rate between two groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on the incidence of deep infection, hip Harris score and VAS between two groups(P>0.05) . The postoperative EQ-5D score of patients with internal fixation was lower than that of total hip replacement, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both the surgery of internal fixation and total hip replacement have similar effect in short-and medium term among the patients aged 55 to 65 years old. However, for the reoperation rate, the group of internal fixation was higher than that of total hip replacement. For the subjective functional score of patients, the group of internal fixation was lower than that of total hip replacement.

A retrospective analysis to estimate trough concentrations of teicoplanin in patients with suspected or documented Gram-positive infections

Abstract Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic commonly used to treat Gram-positive bacterial infections in the clinic. The aim of this study was to provide a therapeutic reference for the clinical application and dosage regimen adjustment of teicoplanin by identifying factors associated with its plasma trough concentration (Ctrough). A retrospective study was performed on patients with suspected or documented Gram-positive infections who were hospitalized from November 2017 to January 2020 and treated with teicoplanin while undergoing routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). A total of 112 Ctrough trough measurements were obtained from 72 patients were included in this study. SPSS software was used for correlation analysis and receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. The Ctrough for teicoplanin showed statistically significant relationships (P<0.05) with PLT, Scr, CLcr, eGFR, BUN and Cys-C. ROC curve analysis revealed that CLcr and eGFR were more sensitive and specific for Ctrough compared to the other factors. These findings should be considered in the clinical application of teicoplanin and for its dosage adjustment.

Efficacy and safety of unrestricted visiting policy for critically ill patients: a meta-analysis.

AIM: To compare the safety and effects of unrestricted visiting policies (UVPs) and restricted visiting policies (RVPs) in intensive care units (ICUs) with respect to outcomes related to delirium, infection, and mortality. METHODS: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, CBMdisc, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP database records generated from their inception to 22 January 2022 were searched. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were included. The main outcomes investigated were delirium, ICU-acquired infection, ICU mortality, and length of ICU stay. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risks of bias. Random­effects and fixed-effects meta­analyses were conducted to obtain pooled estimates, due to heterogeneity. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 software. The results were analyzed using odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and standardized mean differences (SMDs). RESULTS: Eleven studies including a total of 3741 patients that compared UVPs and RVPs in ICUs were included in the analyses. Random effects modeling indicated that UVPs were associated with a reduced incidence of delirium (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.25-0.63, I2 = 71%, p = 0.0005). Fixed-effects modeling indicated that UVPs did not increase the incidences of ICU-acquired infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.71-1.30, I2 = 0%, p = 0.49), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.52-1.80, I2 = 0%, p = 0.55), and catheter-related blood stream infection (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.72-1.84, I2 = 0%, p = 0.66), or ICU mortality (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.83-1.28, I2 = 49%, p = 0.12). Forest plotting indicated that UVPs could reduce the lengths of ICU stays (SMD = - 0.97, 95% CI - 1.61 to 0.32, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The current meta-analysis indicates that adopting a UVP may significantly reduce the incidence of delirium in ICU patients, without increasing the risks of ICU-acquired infection or mortality. Further large-scale, multicenter studies are needed to confirm these indications.

Proteomic analysis of human milk reveals nutritional and immune benefits in the colostrum from mothers with COVID-19

The range of benefits breastfeeding provides neonates and infants include nutrition, improved neonatal survival, and reduced morbidity from certain diseases. It also aids maternal health by speeding postpartum recovery. However, due to concern about the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and the lack of evidence of breastmilks protective effects against the virus, whether mothers with COVID-19 should be encouraged to breastfeed is under debate. Here, we present the results of proteomic and glycoproteomic studies of breast milk (colostrum and mature milk) from mothers with confirmed COVID-19. All colostrum samples exhibited significantly upregulated immune-related proteins, especially whey proteins with antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, and increased glycosylation levels and heterogeneity at those proteins. Such adaptive differences in milk from COVID-19 mothers tend to fade in mature milk from the same mothers one month postpartum. These results suggest the immune benefits of colostrum from mothers with COVID-19 and provide molecular-level insights that aid breastmilk feeding decisions in cases of active infection.

Emerging immunological strategies: recent advances and future directions / 医学前沿

Immunotherapy plays a compelling role in cancer treatment and has already made remarkable progress. However, many patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors fail to achieve clinical benefits, and the response rates vary among tumor types. New approaches that promote anti-tumor immunity have recently been developed, such as small molecules, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cell products, and cancer vaccines. Small molecule drugs include agonists and inhibitors that can reach the intracellular or extracellular targets of immune cells participating in innate or adaptive immune pathways. Bispecific antibodies, which bind two different antigens or one antigen with two different epitopes, are of great interest. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell products and cancer vaccines have also been investigated. This review explores the recent progress and challenges of different forms of immunotherapy agents and provides an insight into future immunotherapeutic strategies.

The Clinical Value of Combined Detection of RBC, Ret-He and HbA2 for Thalassemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the distribution of Ret-He and RBC in thalassemia and the value of combining HbA2 in the detection of thalassemia among patients with microcytic or hypochromic.@*METHODS@#145 patients with microcytic or hypochromic outpatient or hospitalization in our hospital from May 2018 to December 2019 were selected and were divided into the thalassemia group(68 cases) and the non-thalassemia group (77 cases), and at the same time, the patients were divided into four groups of the non-anemia, mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia group according to the degree of anemia. The Ret-He, RBC, RDW-CV and HbA2 in patients were detected, and the distribution of these parameters were compared, and the joint detection of Ret-He, RBC and HbA2 about its sensitivity, specific and other indicators of auxiliary diagnosis of thalassemia were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among patients with microcytic or hypochromic, according to the anemia grade Ret-He gradually decreased from the non-anemia group to the severe anemia group (P<0.05); while RDW-CV was increased gradually from the mild anemia group to the severe anemia group (P<0.05); both RBC and Ret-He were increased in the thalassemia group as compared with the non- thalassemia group (P<0.05); while RDW-CV was decreased in the thalassemia group as compared with the non-thalassemia group (P<0.05); meanwhile Ret-He in the α-thalassemia group was higher than that in the β-thalassemia group. ROC curve analysis showed that combined with HbA2, the specificity was 93.51%, the sensitivity was 66.18%, the positive predictive value was 90% and the negative predictive value was 75.189% when Ret-He was truncated with 19.25 pg and RBC was truncated with 4.95×10@*CONCLUSION@#Among patients with microcytic or hypochromic, the distribution of RBC, Ret-He and RDW-CV was different in the thalassemia group and the non-thalassemia group, and was also affected by the degree of anemia. Combined Ret-He and RBC could improve the diagnostic specificity for thalassemia, which were screened by HbA2 in patients with microcytic or hypochromic.

Hematopoietic effect of small molecular fraction of Polygoni multiflori Radix Praeparata in cyclophosphamide-induced anemia mice.

The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of a small molecular fraction (SMF) of Polygoni multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP) in a cyclophosphamide (CTX) induced anemia mouse model. Small molecular fraction of PMRP was prepared and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). In pharmacology, we examined the peripheral hemogram and thymus and spleen index. The content of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in serum was mensurated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and spleen tissue homogenate were detected, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) was assayed in spleen. The results show that SMF can significantly accelerate the recovery of peripheral hemogram, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and GM-CSF in serum and spleen. SMF also increases the number of spleen cells, improves bone marrow pathology. In conclusion, the SMF of PMRP promoted the recovery of hematopoietic function in a CTX-induced anemia mouse, which can support SMF to be used as an adjunct to chemotherapy to counteract its side effects.

[Rapid identification of geographical origins and determination of polysaccharides contents in Ganoderma lucidum based on near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics].

Near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics methods was used to distinguish Ganoderma lucidum samples collected from different origins, and a prediction model was established for rapid determine polysaccharides contents in these samples. The classification accuracy for training dataset was 96.87%, while for independent dataset was 93.33%; as for the prediction model, 5-fold cross-validation was used to optimize the parameters, and different signal processing methods were also optimized to improve the prediction ability of the model. The best square of correlation coefficients for training dataset was 0.965 4, and 0.851 6 for validation dataset; while the root-mean-square deviation values for training dataset and validation dataset were 0.018 5 and 0.023 6, respectively. These results showed that combining near infrared spectroscopy with suitable chemometrics approaches could accuracy distinguish different origins of G. lucidum samples; the established prediction model could precious predict polysaccharides contents, the proposed method can help determine the activity compounds and quality evaluation of G. lucidum.

Routine hematological parameters are associated with short- and long-term prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicated that some routine hematological parameters are associated with the prognosis of ischemic stroke (IS), but none of study has evaluated them simultaneously. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of routine hematological parameters in IS patients. METHODS: Using medical record database, we retrospectively reviewed the patients with IS admitted in Gansu Province Hospital between June 2014 and July 2015. The prognostic value of routine hematological parameters on admission was analyzed using logistic regression model, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Patients with hospital mortality had significantly higher white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), while their lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil were significantly lower. The area under ROC curve (AUC) for eosinophil, neutrophil, WBC, RDW, NLR, monocyte, and lymphocyte were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.67-0.82), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.67-0.84), 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64-0.81), 0.65 (95% CI, 0.56-0.73), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.68-0.84), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.59-0.76), and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.67-0.83), respectively. In a multivariable logistical regression model, only WBC, NLR, and NIHSS were independently associated with hospital mortality. In a multivariable model, age, NIHSS, RDW, NLR, and eosinophil were independent prognostic factors for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION: Red blood cell distribution width, NLR and eosinophil are independent prognostic factors for IS.

Effect of butylphthalide combine edaravone on the dynamic change of Drp1 and Mfn2 in rats with focal cerebral ischemia and its protection mechanism / 医学研究生学报

Objective Apoptosis was induced by oxidative stress in nerve cells after cerebral ischemia. It further breaks the dy-namic balance of mitochondrial division of fusion. This study aimed to investigate the effect of butylphthalide combined with edaravone treat-ment on the dynamic change of Drp1 and Mfn2 in rats with focal cere-bral ischemia cells and its protection mechanism. Methods 96 rats were divided into 4 groups according to random number table. The 4 groups were ischemia group,butylphthalide group,edaravone group and butylphthalide combined with edaravone groups(combine group),each group divided into three subgroups(3 d,7 d,14 d). Longa-Zea suppository method is adopted to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)model.Butylphthalide group,edar-avone group and combine group were injected butylphthalide(0.4 g/kg)and/or edaravone(10 mL/kg)peritoneally 2 hours before surgery and 1 day after surgery. The same volume of isotonic saline was given at the same time of the other 3 groups in ischemia group. The cerebral cortex of the left ischemic region was obtained at the day 3,7,14. The evaluation of the curative effect was evaluated with neurological function score.HE staining was used to observe the cerebral cortex neuron morphological structure,protein and mRNA lev-el of Drp1 and Mfn2 was measured by western blot and RT-PCR. Results At the day 3,7,and 14,the neurological function score was higher in ischemia group than the other 3 groups(P<0.05). Compared with the combine group at day 3,7,and 14[(1.06± 0.18),(0.82±0.13),(0.57±0.10)],the neurological function score was elevated in butylphthalide group[(2.02±0.18),(1.23± 0.13),(0.86±0.10)]and edaravone group[(2.08±0.17),(1.23±0.13),(0.85±0.12)](P<0.05). At the same time point,com-pared with the ischemia group,Drp1 protein and mRNA levels were lower in the other 3 groups(P < 0.05)while Mfn2 protein and mRNA levels were elevated(P<0.05). Compared with the butylphthalide group and edaravone group,Drp1 protein and mRNA levels were lower in combine group(P<0.05)while Mfn2 protein and mRNA levels were elevated(P<0.05). Conclusion The protective effect of edaravone combined with butylphthalide is better than single use. Its mechanism may be related to the removing of oxygen free radicals and reducing oxidative stress by edaravone,and the protection of the mitochondria by butylphthalide.

The Advanced Progress on the Analgesic Mechanism of Oxytocin / 昆明医科大学学报

Oxytocin (OT) is a 9-amino-peptide hormone synthesized mainly in the Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) and Supraoptic Nucleus (SON) of mammals'hypothalamus. Small part of OT is synthesized in peripheral organs. In addition to promoting the lactation and uterine contraction, OT has many other physiological functions, such as analgesia. It has been proved that neuropeptide can exert analgesic effect. OT is indeed a neuropeptide secreted naturally by mammals. Sdudies have shown that OT plays an important role in relieving pain and can avoid problems like addiction and other side effects.However, its underlying mechanism of analgia is still unclear. Therefore, further study of the analgesic mechanism of oxytocin has a great theoretic significance and very broad clinical prosperities.

Efficacy of nonswallow nasogastric tube intubation: a randomised controlled trial.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To prospectively identify the effect of the nonswallow procedure of nasogastric tube insertion. BACKGROUND: Nasogastric intubation is one of the most important and basic skills in treatment and nursing. Patients generally experience discomfort and encounter complications during this procedure. Thus, practitioners need a more convenient, effective, quicker and safer method to improve the performance of this procedure. DESIGN: This prospective randomised controlled trial was conducted from March to May 2014 in the four units of Gansun Province Hospital in Lanzhou, China. METHOD: A total of 80 participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40). Participants in the experimental group underwent a nonswallow procedure for nasogastric tube insertion. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in nasogastric tube insertion between the study groups. A marked increase in the success rate at first intubation as well as a markedly reduced occurrence of nausea, tearing, mucosal injury and changes in vital signs (i.e. heart rate, breath, systolic pressure) were observed compared with the control group. No differences in the success rates at second and third intubation were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The nonswallow procedure of nasogastric tube intubation relieves discomfort and ensures the safety of patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Patients subjected to nasogastric intubation are more likely to benefit from the nonswallow procedure when nasogastric tube insertion is performed.

Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics studies of MBX-2982, a novel GPR119 agonists / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To observe the glucose tolerance and evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of MBX-2982 respectively in the normal mice and in the KK-Ay mice. And further pharmacokinetics investigation was experimented in rats. METHODS: The influence of glucose tolerance was evaluated in KM mice which underwent a single dose of MBX-2982. Body weight, fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, triglyceride, serum insulin were all tested in order to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect on KK-Ay mice. The pharmacokinetics of MBX-2982 suspension and solution were investigated in rats to calculate the oral bioavailability. RESULTS: The blood glucose of each test point were all reduced after MBX-2982 (3, 10, 30 mg · kg-1) were administered orally to KM mice. After MBX-2982 (10, 30 mg · kg-1) treatment to KK-Ay mice for 4 weeks, the fasting blood glucose and triglyceride were significantly reduced and the serum insulin was remarkably increased. Meanwhile the area under glucose curve was significant reduced of 30 mg · kg-1. After oral administration of MBX-2982 (4 mg · kg-1) in rats, the oral bioavailability of suspension (0.4% CMC) and solution (DMSO-Cremopor EL-NS = 1:1:8) were 35.2% and 98.2% receptively. CONCLUSION: Animal experiment results show that the MBX-2982 as a GPR119 agonists had a good hypoglycemic effect. The absolute bioavailability of the solution is closed to 100%, which is higher than that of suspension.

Genetic analysis on S segment of hantaviruses in rodent hosts from Wuhan area, Hubei province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the infection and genotype of hantaviruses in rodents from Wuhan area,Hubei province.Methods Rodents were trapped in fields and residential areas of Xinzhou and Jiangxia districts of Wuhan in autumn and winter seasons,from 2000 to 2003 and from 2009 to 2011.Trapped rodents were identified,and hantavirus antigens were detected in the lung tissues with indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA).Partial S segment sequences were amplified with RT-PCR in hantavirus antigen positive samples and then sequenced.Phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the genetic characteristics of hantaviruses.Results From 2000 to 2003,437 rodents were trapped,with 24 (5.49％) lung tissues showed hantavirus antigen positive.From 2009 to 2011,173 rodents were trapped and 7 (4.05％) were hantavirus antigen positive.Rattus norvegicus were the dominant species of rodents.Partial S segment sequences were amplified from 22 samples with Hantaan and Seoul viruses specific primers and sequenced.Partial S segments of Seoul viruses (nucleotide 588-1147) were amplified from 17 rodents (13 R.norvegicus and 4 Apodemus agrarius).Seven of these sequences belonged to 3 genetic lineage,while two novel genetic lineages were formed by 9 and 1 sequences,respectively.Partial S segments of Hantaan viruses (nucleotide 615-1141 ) were amplified from 5 A.agrarius.One of these sequences belonged to 7 genetic lineages,and 4 sequences formed one novel genetic subtype.Conclusion Hantaan and Seoul viruses co-circulated in Wuhan area.Hubei province.Novel genetic lineages were identified in this study and Seoul virus might have caused spillover infection in A.agrarius.

Anti-tumor effect of type Ⅲ interferon / 国际肿瘤学杂志

It is reported that type Ⅲ interferon (IFN-λ) has an anti-tumor effect on melanoma,hepatocellular carcinoma,esophageal carcinoma and fibrosarcoma in recent years.IFN-λ could not only inhibit melanoma metastasis,but also induce cell apoptosis;its constitutively expression could activate natural killer cells,affecting hepatocellular carcinoma growth;IFN-λ could induce cells of G1 phase in esophageal carcinoma directly to stagnation or apoptosis;IFN-λ could cause native and adaptive immune response to suppress fibrosarcoma growth.Research on the anti-tumor mechanisms of IFN-λ will provide new ideas for clinical tumor therapy.

Protective effect of lipid microspheres 1 on myocardial injury following elective percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with angina pectoris: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Prostaglandin E1 incorporated into lipid microspheres (lipo-PGE1) is effective in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and diabetic neuropathy. It is unknown whether it has protective effects in patients with angina pectoris undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). OBJECTIVES: The goal of this pilot study was to investigate whether lipo-PGE1 has protective effects in patients with angina pectoris undergoing PCI. METHODS: A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 79 patients with stable or unstable angina pectoris. The control group received standard medical therapy, and the Lipo-PGE1 group (n = 40) received 20 µg/day of lipo-PGE1 intravenously, starting at least 48 h before PCI and continuing for 5 days. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme (CK-MB) were measured before lipo-PGE1 infusion and at 6, 12 and 24 h after PCI. RESULTS: The cTnT and CK-MB concentrations were lower in the lipo-PGE1 group than in the control group at 6 h (0.15 ± 0.33 vs. 0.43 ± 0.77; 2.87 ± 3.99 vs. 5.64 ± 6.27, respectively; P < 0.05), 12 h (0.20 ± 0.48 vs. 0.54 ± 0.85; 3.58 ± 5.22 vs. 7.45 ± 9.48; P <  0.05) and 24 h (0.18 ± 0.50 vs. 0.50 ± 0.75; 3.15 ± 4.50 vs. 6.16 ± 6.83; P < 0.05). The incidence of postprocedural myocardial injury, defined as an elevation of cTnT more than 0.1 ng/ml or CK-MB more than 5.0 ng/ml, was less in the PGE1 group than in the control group (30 vs. 54%; 13 vs. 31%, respectively; P < 0.05). Lipo-PGE1 was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events or side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: Lipo-PGE1 treatment appears to reduce myocardial injury following elective PCI in angina patients.

Detection of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia by using real-time quantitative PCR / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to detect the minimal residual disease (MRD) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by using real time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) . The Ig and TCR gene rearrangements were amplified by using 18 primer sets in B-ALL, 8 primer sets in T-ALL; the ALL-MRD levels were quantified by using RQ-PCR with SYBR green dye staining and clone specific Ig/TCR gene rearrangements as molecular markers. The results indicated that there were 8 cases showing gene rearrangements in 9 B-ALL patients, marker detection rate for all samples was 88.8%, the MRD level on day 33 during induction treatment decreased significantly. It is concluded that Ig/TCR gene rearrangements can be used as a marker to detect MRD in childhood ALL; the technique of QR-PCR with SYBR green dye staining is reliable, relatively sensitive and easy performable method which can be used in routine detection for childhood ALL.

Association of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and HLA-DRB allele polymorphisms in Han nationality, Hubei province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB polymorphism and patients diagnosed as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Methods HLA-DR allele polymorphism was detected by PCR-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). Hantavirus (HV) typed as Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Seoul virus (SEOV) in patients were detected by RT-heminested PCR. Results The gene frequency of DRB1*0401-0411, *1001 and *1101-1105 in HFRS case group were 3.1%, 2.2% and 15.7% respectively. Compared with control group, it was significant higher in HFRS case group (RR=13.87, 9.72 and 2.00 respectively with Chi-square value as 10.006,6.324 and 6.472 respectively, P<0.05). When compared with HFRS case group, the gene frequency of DRB1*1501-1502, DRB4 and DRB5 in control group were 11.0%, 19.0% and 16.9% respectively, markedly lower than in patients (RR=0.45, 0.58 and 0.23 respectively. Chi-square values were 6.138, 4.583 and 21.076 respectively, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in other HLA-DR gene frequencies. Mixed infection was found in Hubei, with HTNV slightly more than SEOV. Distinct hantaviruses could coexist in either different or the same geographic or ecological zores in Hubei province. Patients with HLA-DRB1*1101-1105 alleles were 81.8%(27/33) infected by HTNV and only 18.2% infected by SEOV, which had significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion DRB1*0401-0411,*1001 and *1101-1105 were possibly associated with increased susceptibility to HV infection. On the other hand there was an inverse correlation among HFRS, DRB1*1501-1502, DRB4 and DRB5.