[The importance of short-term test therapy in the differential diagnosis and surgical treatment procedure in lung diseases]. / Znachenie kratkovremennoi test-terapii v differentsial'noi diagnostike i taktike khirurgicheskogo lecheniia zabolevanii legkikh.

Methods of differential diagnostics of diseases of the lungs based on using short-term antiinflammatory therapy during 2-3 weeks are substantiated. An analysis of results of the methods in question in 225 patients has shown that additional diagnostical information can be obtained in 78% of the patients operated upon and among patients of the differential diagnostic department-in 41% of the patients. These methods must be always used in cases of uncertain results of clinical diagnostics which will prevent diagnostic errors and their negative consequences.

[Correlation of specific immune response and tuberculous changes in the lungs]. / O sootvetstvii form spetsificheskogo immunnogo otveta kharakteru tuberkulëznykh izmenenii v lëgkikh.

A clinicoimmunological examination of 312 new-onset cases of tuberculosis was performed to investigate the relationships between factors of humoral and cellular immunity and tuberculous process. Specific immune response (SIR) and the trends in the disease progress showed some interdependences. The forms of SIR reported can serve criteria for alterations in the lungs and prognosis of the process outcome.

[A method of increasing the accuracy and effectiveness of cytologic diagnosis of lung cancer using the prednisolone test]. / Sposob povysheniia tochnosti i éffectivnosti tsitologicheskoi diagnostiki raka legkogo s pomoshch'iu prednizolonovogo testa.

The patients are given oral prednisolone (30 mg daily for 3 days) and then daily for 3-4 days their sputum is examined for lung carcinoma. The method improves cytological diagnosis of lung carcinoma.

[Current principles of diagnosis of cavitary formations in the lungs]. / Sovremennye printsipy diagnostiki polostnykh obrazovanii v legkikh.

Tuberculosis, cancer or abscessed pneumonia were diagnosed in 141 (84%) of the 168 patients who had solitary cavities in the lungs in the absence of M. tuberculosis or cancer cells isolation. The most informative diagnostic signs in these cases are provided by sex, age, special features of the onset and course of the disease in the period between diagnosis establishment and patients' hospitalization, data obtained when fluorograms taken from archives were compared with the X-ray picture at the moment of disease detection as well as by the results of serological reactions such as tuberculous antigen detection and Mantoux test, and blood level fibrinogen determination. On the second stage of examination the supplementary signs were obtained in bronchoscopy, cytologic examination of the bronchial contents after prescription of irritating inhalations and prednisolone test and immunologic study. Correct diagnosis can be established in 99% of the cases in the presence of simultaneously five and more significant signs.

[Immunologic status of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia]. / Immunnyi status bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh s pnevmoniei.

A combined immunologic examination included 67 patients with concurrent lung pathology (tuberculosis with pneumonia), 64 with tuberculosis and 71 with pneumonia. The relation of the immune status to the pattern of the process was demonstrated proceeding from the findings. Pneumonia in the abatement phase had no influence on the immunologic parameters of a tuberculosis patient. Acute pneumonia combined with tuberculosis was marked by suppressed T-lymphocyte functional and specific activity, increased counts of T-suppressors and the presence of antituberculous antibodies. It was found that the newly developed diagnostic tables can be used effectively for differentiating the combined pathology from the uncomplicated tuberculosis and pneumonia.

[The effect of prednisolone on the efficacy of the diagnosis of pulmonary cancer and tuberculosis]. / Vliianie prednizolona na éffektivnost' diagnostiki raka i tuberkuleza legkikh.

The report describes a test intended to increase the efficacy and precision of cytologic diagnosis of lung cancer as well as bacterioscopic diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. The test is run during examinations of sputum and pleural exudate. It uses prednisolone, per os, 30 mg daily, for 3 days, then sputum and pleural exudate are tested for cancer cells presence and/or mycobacteria of tuberculosis. A 100% diagnostic specificity of the test in diagnosing cancer and tuberculosis and unsophisticated procedures involved make the case for its application in all oncological, pulmonological and tuberculosis controlling institutions.

[Tuberculosis and pneumonia]. / Tuberkulez i pnevmonia.

Analysis of the clinical course of acute pneumonia in pulmonary tuberculosis patients is presented. The lowest rate of acute pneumonia morbidity was found in patients with active tuberculosis during antituberculosis therapy. As soon as the specific process subsides and its activity diminishes acute pneumonia morbidity grows. Specific features of the course of acute pneumonia in patients with different phases of tuberculosis development are shown. Data on the study of liquid-crystal thermography are presented as well as the assessment of the capillary blood flow and the results of immunologic study in the presence of combined pathology. The terms of alleviation of acute pneumonia in tuberculosis patients are delayed, especially in inflammation development in the zones of post-tuberculosis changes.

[Value of different combinations of immunological signs for differential diagnosis of lung diseases]. / Znachenie razlichnykh sochatanii immunologicheskikh priznakov dlia differentsial'noi diagnostiki zabolevanii legkikh.

Stemming from the results of a complex immunologic examination of 653 patients with lung diseases, 4 immunologic reactions of highly diagnostic value were identified, i. e. specific antibody formation, blast transformation with PPD and PHA and spontaneous rosette formation. The most valuable combinations of these reactions were defined for each type of the pathology. For tuberculosis, 16 such combinations were found, including 5 without specific antibody formation; 5 in cancer; 3 in nonspecific inflammation; and 1 in sarcoidosis. Diagnostically important combinations of the above immunologic reactions are summarized in the Table whose use in differential diagnosis of doubtful cases of tuberculosis, cancer, nonspecific pneumonia and sarcoidosis can increase their diagnostic probability up to 0.95-0.99 in 30 per cent of the patients without employing invasive methods.

[Organization of fluorographic examinations of the population in large cities]. / Ob organizatsii fliuorograficheskikh obsledovanii naseleniia v usloviiakh bol'shogo goroda.

A 5-year experience with fluorographic examination of the population of Leningrad is described. The data show that it is untimely to prolong the intervals between check fluorographic examinations. Difficulties in forming the risk groups are also indicated. Ways for improving organization of fluorographic examinations by using the available reserves are defined. On the whole, the present arrangement of prophylactic fluorographic examinations is rather efficient in regard to early detection of many pulmonary diseases including tuberculosis and peripheral cancer of the lungs.