RESUMEN
The team performed medical examinations, including cytogenetic examinations, on 55 people working professionally with agrochemicals in eight farmers' cooperatives of County Csongrád in the southern region of Hungary. The people exposed to spraying in a closed space showed no increase in chromosome aberrations. There was an increase in chromosome aberrations in workers exposed to these agrochemicals in open fields. No conclusions regarding workers' health can be drawn from these data. Regulations designed to prevent accidents with agrochemicals are more effective for closed spaces than for the open fields.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/inducido químicamente , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Adulto , Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/genética , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Humanos , Hungría , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fumar , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Repeated extensive medical examinations were carried out in 11 workers spraying organophosphate (OP), carbamate and pyrethroid pesticides in greenhouses during the whole year and in 10 control persons. On a questionnaire their social, health and family status and their working conditions were recorded. Before and after a regular spraying period with pyrethroids for 3 months the following tests were carried out: urinalysis, haematology, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA and IgM levels, whole blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity, serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity, chromosome analysis and electrocardiography (ECG). Atmospheric concentrations of pyrethroids as well as their concentration in the blood and urine of pesticide workers were determined by means of gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). No abnormalities related to the work were found in the tests.
Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Enfermedades Profesionales/inducido químicamente , Plaguicidas/envenenamiento , Adulto , Colinesterasas/sangre , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Electrocardiografía , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Condiciones Sociales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The changes in the zinc and copper concentrations in the central nervous system (spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebrum, hippocampus, corpus striatum) of albino rat were studied by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in a state of zinc deficiency induced experimentally during the first 30 days of postnatal ontogenesis. It was found that in these structures the zinc deficiency is able to influence the changes and tendencies in the trace element content essentially only in an area undergoing intensive development in the given period, or which is sensitive to unsatisfactory dietary influences. The results lead to the assumption that the state of zinc deficiency is accompanied by a change in the distribution of the trace element content within the cells.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Central/metabolismo , Zinc/deficiencia , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Sistema Nervioso Central/crecimiento & desarrollo , Femenino , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Espectrofotometría Atómica , Fracciones Subcelulares/metabolismo , Oligoelementos/metabolismo , Zinc/análisisRESUMEN
Histochemical and atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis of trace metal mobilization caused by the action of ethanol in the central nervous system (CNS) and liver of the rat is described. Histochemically it has been shown that in all neurons examined (motoneurons, pyramidal and Purkinje cells) the trace metals (mainly Zn2+ and Cu2+) are mobilized. Most of the stained materials disappear from the perikaryon of the Purkinje cells, while in both the motoneurons and the pyramidal cells the trace metals are displaced from the perikaryon into the axon and axon hillock. At the same time, some of the glia cells display a high metal content. Quantitative determination of the Zn2+ and Cu2+ by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry reveals that after 2 hours ethanol treatment both the Zn2+ and the Cu2+ levels are decreased in the archicerebellar cortex, while after 4 hours the Zn2+ levels are increased in the cerebrum and the spinal cord. The present observations on the histochemical localization and the contents of zinc and copper in different parts of the CNS and liver reveal the important role of the effect of ethanol on the trace metal mobilization.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Central/efectos de los fármacos , Cobre/metabolismo , Etanol/farmacología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Zinc/metabolismo , Animales , Sistema Nervioso Central/metabolismo , Femenino , Histocitoquímica , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratas , Espectrofotometría AtómicaRESUMEN
Changes in concentration and localization of the trace metals during postnatal ontogenetic development in the archi-, paleo-, and neurocerebellum, the cortex and the spinal cord of the rat have been studied by means of histochemical and atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis. It has been shown that the trace elements in the different regions of the nervous system become progressively detectable during the postnatal ontogenesis, and in the various structures (PURKINJE cells, pyramidal cells, motoneurons, mossy-fibre terminals) different times are necessary for the attainment of the localization observed in the mature animals. It is suggested that the trace elements may be transported not only intraneuronally, but also from neuron to neuron, from neuron to glia cell, and in the reverse direction, too.
Asunto(s)
Química Encefálica , Cobre/metabolismo , Médula Espinal/análisis , Oligoelementos/análisis , Zinc/metabolismo , Animales , Encéfalo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cerebelo/análisis , Corteza Cerebral/análisis , Ratas , Médula Espinal/crecimiento & desarrollo , Médula Espinal/metabolismoRESUMEN
The quantitative distribution of heavy metals in the central nervous system was studied by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It was shown that, of the regions studied, the archicerebellar cortex contains the highest levels of metals. A light microscopical histochemical technique (TIMM silver sulphide method) reveals the neurons and glial cells which possess the trace elements. Ultrastructurally, the staining occurs in different axon terminals, lysosomes, neuronal surface membranes and the cytoplasm of glial cells.