Embolismo poplíteo bilateral secundario a infección fúngica sobre cicatriz de aortotomía / Bilateral popliteal embolism secondary to the fungal infection of the scar tissue resulting from an aortotomy

Introducción. La infección de una cicatriz de aortotomía es una entidad clínica muy poco frecuente, más aún si es de origen fúngico. Caso clínico. Varón de 66 años que acudió a urgencias por fiebre, hipotensión e isquemia aguda de ambos miembros inferiores, de 24 horas de evolución. Entre sus antecedentes patológicos destacaba la sustitución valvular aórtica hacía 17 años por una válvula mecánica. La arteriografía diagnóstica mostró la oclusión embólica bilateral de la poplítea distal, y se le practicó una tromboembolectomía poplítea bilateral con remisión del síndrome isquémico agudo. El análisis anatomopatológico de los émbolos mostró hifas compatibles con Aspergillus sp. Se inició el tratamiento con anfotericina B endovenosa y sustitución de la válvula. En el acto operatorio, se detectó la presencia de una vegetación sobre la aortotomía previa. En el postoperatorio de la cirugía cardíaca el paciente falleció por un infarto agudo de miocardio. Conclusiones. Se presenta una forma infrecuente de aortitis, que lleva implícitas dificultades diagnósticas y terapéuticas, y que habitualmente se acompaña de altas tasas de mortalidad (AU)

[Spontaneous rupture of the papillary muscle with angiographically normal coronary vessels]. / Rotura espontánea de músculo papilar con coronarias angiográficamente normales.

Papillary muscle rupture is an unusual pathology, commonly being a mechanical complication of an acute myocardial infarction or a blunt chest trauma. In this case report we describe a patient with a spontaneous complete posteromedial papillary muscle rupture, secondary to an isolated papillary muscle infarction, in the absence of coronary artery disease, resulting in severe mitral regurgitation, cardiogenic shock and uneventful urgent mitral valve replacement. The clinical and histopathologic literature, and mechanisms to explain this kind of rupture, are reviewed.

[Clinical practice guidelines of the Spanish Society of Cardiology on stable angina]. / Guías de práctica clínica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología en la angina estable.

Stable angina pectoris is the most common clinical manifestation of chronic ischemic heart disease, the prognosis of which depends on many factors. The authors have analyzed the incidence, evolution and prognosis of this problem in Spain and have reviewed the methods to determine the diagnosis and degree of clinical severity. A careful clinical history, an electrocardiogram, and the evaluation of the severity of the ischemia and left ventricle systolic function are, in most cases, useful to determine the degree of disease severity and establish the prognosis. In other cases, more sophisticated or complex diagnostic techniques such as perfusion tests, stress echocardiography and lastly coronary arteriography, which is the only method currently available to study coronary anatomy are required to carry out an adequate study of the patient. At present, the therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of ischemic coronary disease is extensive, from both a pharmacological and revascularization point of view. Nonetheless it is essential to carry out aggressive therapy to control the risk factors. The decision as to the type of treatment required mainly depends on the severity of the ischemia and in the case of revascularization, on the clinical and anatomical factors as well as on the preferences of the patient and the experience and results of the medical-surgical group involved in the therapy of these patients.

[Early percutaneous revascularization in patients with unstable angina. Current results and comparison with conservative medical treatment]. / Revascularización precoz percutánea en los pacientes con angina inestable. Resultados actuales y comparación con el tratamiento médico conservador.

In patients with ongoing angina, despite optimal medical therapy, the best therapeutic alternative is coronary angiography followed by emergency coronary revascularization with surgery or angioplasty. However, whether or not all patients should have early angiography and revascularization is a matter of debate. This paper reviews the advantages of modern medical therapy in this setting and the problems associated with early coronary revascularization. In particular, it analyses the data from the main clinical trials that have specifically compared an early invasive procedure with a conservative strategy in unstable coronary syndromes. Finally, it assesses the impact of the new antithrombotic agents, such as glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers, particularly during coronary percutaneous interventions. The data reviewed suggest that early invasive intervention should be reconsidered, and that patients should be controlled (if possible) under medical treatment until non invasive stratification tests allow the identification of those patients who would benefit most from revascularization.

[Diagnostic methods in angina pectoris. The Angina Pectoris Study Group of the Ischemic Cardiopathy Section and Coronary Units of the Spanish Society of Cardiology]. / Métodos diagnósticos en la angina de pecho. Grupo de Estudio de Angina de Pecho de la Sección de Cardioplatía Isquémica y Unidades Coronarias de la Sociedad Espanola de Cardilogía.

Diagnosis and risk stratification in angina pectoris is supported on clinical evaluation, rest electrocardiogram, exercise stress test and coronary angiography. Use and timing application of that diagnostic methods depend on coronary artery disease prevalence and on clinical situation. This review describe diagnostic and prognostic value of the tests in angina pectoris.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and joint laxity. A study with somatosensory evoked potentials.

To assess the existence of disturbances in proprioception in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and an hypothetical relationship with generalized joint laxity, a blind comparative study of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials by posterior tibial nerve stimulation was designed. One hundred twenty-one subjects were included: fifty-two were diagnosed as having adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, thirty-two met criteria for generalized joint laxity, twenty-one had curvatures with Cobb angles less than 10, and twenty-eight were matched control subjects; twelve subjects were initially seen with both adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and generalized joint laxity. We failed to find alterations in somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis that could suggest proprioceptive disturbances as a causative factor; however, in a subgroup of thoracolumbar curvatures we were able to demonstrate a functional alteration in somatosensory evoked potentials that could represent a neurologic basis for some curves considered as idiopathic thus far; generalized joint laxity seems to be implicated in this situation.