Physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil / Condições físicas e higiênico-sanitárias dos estabelecimentos de abate de frangos do município de Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil

This study aimed to evaluate the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. Ten slaughterhouses were visited, using a checklist as an evaluation criterion, seeking to assess the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of facilities, equipment, handlers, environment, production, and food transportation, during the entire slaughtering process, to verify compliance with current legislation. The slaughterhouses visited (10 / 100%) had no Official Inspection Service and did not obey the rules established by legislation, showing precarious physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of operation. Most of the establishments (9 / 90%) were located in the urban area and one (10%) in the rural area. None of them followed the animal welfare recommendations. Moreover, seven (70%) establishments had no waste treatment and the residues were dumped in an open area. Therefore, it was concluded that the hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in Parnaíba pose risks to meet quality and the health of slaughterhouses employees and people who consume the products from those establishments.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar as condições físicas e higiênico-sanitárias dos estabelecimentos de abate de frango, no muni-cípio de Parnaíba, estado do Piauí. Foram visitados 10 estabelecimentos de abate, sendo utilizado como critério avaliativo da pesquisa um checklist, que buscou avaliar as condições físicas e higiênico-sanitárias das instalações, equipamentos, dos mani-puladores, ambiente, como também, da produção, assim como, transporte do alimento durante todo o processo de abate para averiguar conformidade com a legislação vigente. Todos os abatedouros visitados (10) 100% não apresentavam Serviço de Inspeção Oficial e encontravam-se fora das normas estabelecidas pela legislação, com condições físicas e higiênico-sanitárias precárias de funcionamento. A grande maioria dos estabelecimentos, (9) 90% encontravam-se localizados na zona urbana e um (10%) na zona rural. Estes não seguiam as recomendações de bem-estar animal voltado as atividades. Ainda, (7) 70% dos estabelecimentos não realizavam tratamento dos resíduos, sendo despejados a céu aberto. Portanto, concluiu-se que as condi-ções higiênico-sanitárias dos abatedouros da cidade de Parnaíba proporcionam riscos à qualidade da carne, à saúde dos funcio-nários dos abatedouros e da população que consome os produtos provenientes desses estabelecimentos.(AU)

Physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil / Condições físicas e higiênico-sanitárias dos estabelecimentos de abate de frangos do município de Parnaíba, Piauí, Brasil

This study aimed to evaluate the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. Ten slaughterhouses were visited, using a checklist as an evaluation criterion, seeking to assess the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of facilities, equipment, handlers, environment, production, and food transportation, during the entire slaughtering process, to verify compliance with current legislation. The slaughterhouses visited (10 / 100%) had no Official Inspection Service and did not obey the rules established by legislation, showing precarious physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of operation. Most of the establishments (9 / 90%) were located in the urban area and one (10%) in the rural area. None of them followed the animal welfare recommendations. Moreover, seven (70%) establishments had no waste treatment and the residues were dumped in an open area. Therefore, it was concluded that the hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in Parnaíba pose risks to meet quality and the health of slaughterhouses employees and people who consume the products from those establishments.

Objetivou-se avaliar as condições físicas e higiênico-sanitárias dos estabelecimentos de abate de frango, no muni-cípio de Parnaíba, estado do Piauí. Foram visitados 10 estabelecimentos de abate, sendo utilizado como critério avaliativo da pesquisa um checklist, que buscou avaliar as condições físicas e higiênico-sanitárias das instalações, equipamentos, dos mani-puladores, ambiente, como também, da produção, assim como, transporte do alimento durante todo o processo de abate para averiguar conformidade com a legislação vigente. Todos os abatedouros visitados (10) 100% não apresentavam Serviço de Inspeção Oficial e encontravam-se fora das normas estabelecidas pela legislação, com condições físicas e higiênico-sanitárias precárias de funcionamento. A grande maioria dos estabelecimentos, (9) 90% encontravam-se localizados na zona urbana e um (10%) na zona rural. Estes não seguiam as recomendações de bem-estar animal voltado as atividades. Ainda, (7) 70% dos estabelecimentos não realizavam tratamento dos resíduos, sendo despejados a céu aberto. Portanto, concluiu-se que as condi-ções higiênico-sanitárias dos abatedouros da cidade de Parnaíba proporcionam riscos à qualidade da carne, à saúde dos funcio-nários dos abatedouros e da população que consome os produtos provenientes desses estabelecimentos.

Serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in naturally infected sheep in the Teresina microregion, Piauí, Brazil

ABSTRACT Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis of reproductive nature that is transmitted to humans mainly by ingestion of undercooked meat or drinking oocyte-contaminated water. The slaughter of small ruminants in clandestine slaughterhouses and the presence of companion animals in these locations may be epidemiologically important for the dissemination of the disease. The objective of the present study was to determine toxoplasmosis prevalence by researching anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in meat sheep herds from farms in Teresina microregion, Piauí, Brazil. A total of 450 blood samples were collected from sheep of both sexes, belonging to 28 herds from the 14 municipalities that comprise the microregion. The samples were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was observed in 62% (279/450) of the animals in all the municipalities and on at least one farm in each municipality. The high occurrence of positive animals is an indication of reproductive problems in these herds, characterizing a problem for both sheep rearing and public health.

Serological evidence of Toxoplasma gondii occurrence in naturally infected sheep in the Teresina microregion, Piauí, Brazil

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis of reproductive nature that is transmitted to humans mainly by ingestion of undercooked meat or drinking oocyte-contaminated water. The slaughter of small ruminants in clandestine slaughterhouses and the presence of companion animals in these locations may be epidemiologically important for the dissemination of the disease. The objective of the present study was to determine toxoplasmosis prevalence by researching anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in meat sheep herds from farms in Teresina microregion, Piauí, Brazil. A total of 450 blood samples were collected from sheep of both sexes, belonging to 28 herds from the 14 municipalities that comprise the microregion. The samples were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was observed in 62% (279/450) of the animals in all the municipalities and on at least one farm in each municipality. The high occurrence of positive animals is an indication of reproductive problems in these herds, characterizing a problem for both sheep rearing and public health.

Antibacterial Activity and Time-kill Kinetics of Positive Enantiomer of α-pinene Against Strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Research on new antimicrobial agents is needed, as more and more microorganisms that cause antibiotic-resistant diseases are emerging commercially. In this group, we can find strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which are highly opportunistic species. Faced with this perspective, research using essential oils present in plants is emerging as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of antimicrobial infections. Many of these oils have, in their composition, monoterpene α-pinene, that shows to have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the positive enantiomer of α-pinene against strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The methodologies used were: Disc-diffusion test, broth microdilution and bacterial death kinetics, all of which were standardized by CLSI. As a result, inhibition halos of 11 mm was obtained for the gram-positive strain and 12 mm for the gram-negative strain, both at the same concentration, 160 µl / ml. In addition, it was possible to observe with the death curve that the concentrations (1.25 µl/mL and 2.5 µl/mL of the (+)-α-pinene were able to eliminate the formation of bacterial colonies at one time of exposure of 2 hours for the E. coli strain. However, the death curve of the S. aureus strain was characterized by non-elimination of bacterial colonies at a 24 hours exposure time used for the experiment. Only amikacin evidenced its bacterial killing rate of all colonies within two hours of exposure. At the end, it was possible to verify the activity of the phytoconstituent against Escherichia coli strains ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, recommending the continuity of the studies with the use of different methodologies so that (+) - α-pinene in the future can be a compound used in antimicrobial therapy.

A retirada dos urólitos de oxalato de cálcio e desobstrução da uretra através da realização da técnica cirúrgica uretrostomia em cães: relato de caso / Removal of calcium oxalate uroliths and urethral clearing through urethrostomy in dogs: case report / La retirada de urólitos de oxalato de calcio y desobstrucción de la uretra a través de realización de la técnica quirúrgica urestrostomía en perros: relato de caso

A uretra do macho é uma continuação do sistema de ductos, originada de um óstio interno no colo da bexiga urinária e estendida até o orifício peniano uretral externo na extremidade livre do pênis. Relata-se um caso de um canino, macho, SRD, de três anos, pesando 12 kg. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário Universitário "Jeremias Pereira da Silva" - HVU/UFPI, na área de Clínica Médica e Cirúrgica de cães e gatos. O mesmo apresentava manifestações clínicas como: dificuldade de locomoção, disúria, inapetência, hematúria, anúria, agressividade, dor abdominal, apatia e emagrecimento progressivo. A conduta clínica adotada diante do caso, após o resultado dos exames complementares que confirmaram o diagnostico inicial, indicativo de obstrução uretral total por urólitos de oxalato de cálcio, devido ao insucesso das tentativas clínicas de desobstrução foi optar pela técnica cirúrgica uretrostomia. Decorrido dez dias da cirurgia, o animal retornou para retirada dos pontos, apresentando-se em bom estado, alimentando-se bem, fluxo urinário constante (sem sangue), e andando normalmente. A urolitíase deve ser diagnosticada e tratada o mais previamente possível, uma vez que a doença se complica no avançar dos sinais clínicos, podendo ocasionar casos mais complexos, como obstruções urinárias severas e até morte do animal.(AU)

The male urethra is a continuation of the duct system originated from an internal ostium inside the bladder and extends to the external urethral penile hole at the free end of the penis. This is a case study of a 3-year old male mongrel dog weighing 12 kg. The dog was attended at the University Veterinary Hospital "Jeremias Pereira da Silva" ­ HVU/UFPI in the Clinical and Surgical Practice of dogs and cats. It presented clinical manifestations such as difficulty in walking, dysuria, loss of appetite, hematuria, anuria, aggressiveness, abdominal pain, lethargy and progressive weight loss. An urethrostomy was the clinical approach adopted for the case, after the laboratory tests confirmed the initial diagnosis of total urethral obstruction by calcium oxalate uroliths due to the failure of clinical unblocking attempts. Ten days after the surgery, the animal returned to the clinic to remove the stitches, and presented a good condition, feeding well, with a constant urine flow (no blood), and walking normally. Urolithiasis must be diagnosed and treated as early as possible, since the disease complicates itself with the worsening of the clinical signs, which may result in more complex cases, such as severe urinary obstruction and even the death of the animal.(AU)

La uretra del macho es una continuación del sistema de ductos, originada de un ostium interno en el cuello de la vejiga urinaria y se extiende hasta el orificio uretral externo en la extremidad libre del pene. Presentamos un caso de un canino, macho, SRD, de tres años, con un peso de 12 kg. Fue atendido en el Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad "Jeremías Pereira da Silva" - HVU/UFPI, en el campo de Clínica Médica y Quirúrgica de perros y gatos. Lo mismo presentaba manifestaciones clínicas como: dificultad para caminar, disuria, pérdida de apetito, hematuria, anuria, agresividad, dolor abdominal, letargo y pérdida progresiva de peso. La conducta clínica adoptada delante el caso, tras el resultado de los exámenes complementarios que confirmaron el diagnóstico inicial, indicativo de obstrucción uretral total de cálculos de oxalato de calcio, debido al fracaso de las tentativas clínicas de desbloqueo cupo optar por uretrostomía, técnica quirúrgica. Después de diez días de la cirugía el animal volvió para retirada de los puntos de sutura, presentándose en buen estado, alimentándose bien, flujo de orina constante (sin sangre), y caminando normalmente. La urolitiasis debe ser diagnosticada y tratada cuanto antes posible, ya que la enfermedad se complica con el avance de los signos clínicos, pudiendo causar casos más complejos, como obstrucciones urinarias severas e incluso la muerte del animal.(AU)

Análise soroepidemiológica e fatores de risco associados à Leptospira spp. em bovinos no estado do Piauí / Serum epidemiological analysis and risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. in cattle in the state of Piauí

Background: Leptospirosis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira spp. and it is considered one of the main causes of reproductive problems in cattle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and identify the prevalent serovars and risk factors associated with infection in cattle herds, in the microregion of Floriano, Piaui State, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 414 bovine sera samples were collected (390 females aged over 24 months and 24 bulls) from 22 properties (farms) in the municipalities that compose the study area. The samples were analyzed using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) to detect anti-Leptospira antibodies from 23 pathogenic serovars. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied in each farm to evaluate the risk factors, using a univariate analysis of the variables of interest, by Pearson’s Chi-square test (χ2 ) or Fisher’s exact test, when it was necessary. Then, each independent variable was crossed with the dependent variable and those that presented statistical significance 1: 100) in the 22 evaluated farms; all of them had at least one positive animal, resulting in a prevalence of 34.54%, with 32,8% females (136) and 1,7% males (07), and 8,93% (37) of co-agglutination. Nineteen of the 23 tested serovars were identified; among them, Icterohaemorrhagiae (42.48%), Hardjo (31.2%), Pomona (4.3%), and Castellonis (4.3%) stood out. Absence of quarantine (OR = 16.172, P = 0.024), vaccination (OR = 0.090, P = 0.037) and isolation of diseased animals (OR = 0.006, P = 0.030) were identified, by the multivariate logistic regression analysis, as risk factors for any serovar of Leptospira spp.[...]

Análise soroepidemiológica e fatores de risco associados à Leptospira spp. em bovinos no estado do Piauí / Serum epidemiological analysis and risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. in cattle in the state of Piauí

Background: Leptospirosis is a cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira spp. and it is considered one of the main causes of reproductive problems in cattle. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and identify the prevalent serovars and risk factors associated with infection in cattle herds, in the microregion of Floriano, Piaui State, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 414 bovine sera samples were collected (390 females aged over 24 months and 24 bulls) from 22 properties (farms) in the municipalities that compose the study area. The samples were analyzed using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) to detect anti-Leptospira antibodies from 23 pathogenic serovars. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied in each farm to evaluate the risk factors, using a univariate analysis of the variables of interest, by Pearsons Chi-square test (χ2 ) or Fishers exact test, when it was necessary. Then, each independent variable was crossed with the dependent variable and those that presented statistical significance 1: 100) in the 22 evaluated farms; all of them had at least one positive animal, resulting in a prevalence of 34.54%, with 32,8% females (136) and 1,7% males (07), and 8,93% (37) of co-agglutination. Nineteen of the 23 tested serovars were identified; among them, Icterohaemorrhagiae (42.48%), Hardjo (31.2%), Pomona (4.3%), and Castellonis (4.3%) stood out. Absence of quarantine (OR = 16.172, P = 0.024), vaccination (OR = 0.090, P = 0.037) and isolation of diseased animals (OR = 0.006, P = 0.030) were identified, by the multivariate logistic regression analysis, as risk factors for any serovar of Leptospira spp.[...](AU)

A retirada dos urólitos de oxalato de cálcio e desobstrução da uretra através da realização da técnica cirúrgica uretrostomia em cães: relato de caso / Removal of calcium oxalate uroliths and urethral clearing through urethrostomy in dogs: case report / La retirada de urólitos de oxalato de calcio y desobstrucción de la uretra a través de realización de la técnica quirúrgica urestrostomía en perros: relato de caso

A uretra do macho é uma continuação do sistema de ductos, originada de um óstio interno no colo da bexiga urinária e estendida até o orifício peniano uretral externo na extremidade livre do pênis. Relata-se um caso de um canino, macho, SRD, de três anos, pesando 12 kg. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário Universitário "Jeremias Pereira da Silva" - HVU/UFPI, na área de Clínica Médica e Cirúrgica de cães e gatos. O mesmo apresentava manifestações clínicas como: dificuldade de locomoção, disúria, inapetência, hematúria, anúria, agressividade, dor abdominal, apatia e emagrecimento progressivo. A conduta clínica adotada diante do caso, após o resultado dos exames complementares que confirmaram o diagnostico inicial, indicativo de obstrução uretral total por urólitos de oxalato de cálcio, devido ao insucesso das tentativas clínicas de desobstrução foi optar pela técnica cirúrgica uretrostomia. Decorrido dez dias da cirurgia, o animal retornou para retirada dos pontos, apresentando-se em bom estado, alimentando-se bem, fluxo urinário constante (sem sangue), e andando normalmente. A urolitíase deve ser diagnosticada e tratada o mais previamente possível, uma vez que a doença se complica no avançar dos sinais clínicos, podendo ocasionar casos mais complexos, como obstruções urinárias severas e até morte do animal.(AU)

The male urethra is a continuation of the duct system originated from an internal ostium inside the bladder and extends to the external urethral penile hole at the free end of the penis. This is a case study of a 3-year old male mongrel dog weighing 12 kg. The dog was attended at the University Veterinary Hospital "Jeremias Pereira da Silva" ­ HVU/UFPI in the Clinical and Surgical Practice of dogs and cats. It presented clinical manifestations such as difficulty in walking, dysuria, loss of appetite, hematuria, anuria, aggressiveness, abdominal pain, lethargy and progressive weight loss. An urethrostomy was the clinical approach adopted for the case, after the laboratory tests confirmed the initial diagnosis of total urethral obstruction by calcium oxalate uroliths due to the failure of clinical unblocking attempts. Ten days after the surgery, the animal returned to the clinic to remove the stitches, and presented a good condition, feeding well, with a constant urine flow (no blood), and walking normally. Urolithiasis must be diagnosed and treated as early as possible, since the disease complicates itself with the worsening of the clinical signs, which may result in more complex cases, such as severe urinary obstruction and even the death of the animal.(AU)

La uretra del macho es una continuación del sistema de ductos, originada de un ostium interno en el cuello de la vejiga urinaria y se extiende hasta el orificio uretral externo en la extremidad libre del pene. Presentamos un caso de un canino, macho, SRD, de tres años, con un peso de 12 kg. Fue atendido en el Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad "Jeremías Pereira da Silva" - HVU/UFPI, en el campo de Clínica Médica y Quirúrgica de perros y gatos. Lo mismo presentaba manifestaciones clínicas como: dificultad para caminar, disuria, pérdida de apetito, hematuria, anuria, agresividad, dolor abdominal, letargo y pérdida progresiva de peso. La conducta clínica adoptada delante el caso, tras el resultado de los exámenes complementarios que confirmaron el diagnóstico inicial, indicativo de obstrucción uretral total de cálculos de oxalato de calcio, debido al fracaso de las tentativas clínicas de desbloqueo cupo optar por uretrostomía, técnica quirúrgica. Después de diez días de la cirugía el animal volvió para retirada de los puntos de sutura, presentándose en buen estado, alimentándose bien, flujo de orina constante (sin sangre), y caminando normalmente. La urolitiasis debe ser diagnosticada y tratada cuanto antes posible, ya que la enfermedad se complica con el avance de los signos clínicos, pudiendo causar casos más complejos, como obstrucciones urinarias severas e incluso la muerte del animal.(AU)

Efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante (rbST) em duas diferentes doses sobre a concentração sérica de progesterona (P4) em cabras Sem Padrão Racial Definido (SPRD) submetidas à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo(IATF) / Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on two different doses on the serum concentration of progesterone (P4) in undefined breed goats submitted to Fixed Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the association of rbST with a protocol ofFTAI on the concentration of progesterone (P4) in in undefined breed goats. Goats were inseminated followingthe 11-day protocole. In D6, the animals were divided into three experimental groups: GI (n = 42) 250 mg rbST,SC, G-II (n = 39) 125 mg rbST, SC, and G- III (n = 41) ( control). P4 hormonal dosages were performed byELISA on D0, D09, D12 and D21. The results show that treatment with somatotropin at two different dosesassociated with an IATF protocol did not affect the serum progesterone concentration.

Efeito de um inibidor da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina sobre a esteroidogênese, e Angiotensina II e Angiotensina-(1-7) em cabras superovuladas / Effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on steroidogenesis, angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) in superovulated goats

Local renin angiotensin (RAS) system has been described in the ovary, which has been implicated invarious reproductive functions. To evaluate the ovarian RAS in, 13 goats were randomly divided into two groups:Enalapril (n = 7) and control (n = 6). Then, they received superovulation protocol. Enalapril further groupreceived subcutaneously (2mg/kg) enalapril maleate (0.4 mg/kg/day). Blood samples were collected on days 3, 6, 9and 11, and follicular fluid samples from pre-ovulatory ovarian follicles after exposure by celiotomy on D11. AngII in serum and follicular fluid were evaluated on days 9 and 12, Ang-(1-7) on day 12 by HPLC and RIA. E2 andP4 concentrations in serum were determined by ELISA. Ang-(1-7) concentrations in plasma was greater on day9 (P < 0.05), important period for the recruitment and follicular selection. This may indicate that these peptidescan an important function in follicular development and oocyte maturation in superovulated goats.

Laceração perineal de 3° grau em égua Quarto de Milha / 3° grade Perineal laceration in mare Quarter horse

The present report describes the occurrence of a third degree perineal laceration of a Quarter Horsemare and the clinical and surgical measures addressed. During the anamnesis it was reported that the femalepresented a dystocic birth with obstetric maneuvers for the removal of a dead colt from the handler. Areproductive clinical examination revealed third degree perineal laceration compromising mucosa of the vulva,vestibule and vagina with presence of hemorrhage, small amount purulent exudate, pnemovagina and presenceof a rectovaginal communication orifice with fecal contamination. The surgical treatment approached wasvulvoplasty for plastic recovery of the vulva, perineum and rectum allied to the use of antibiotic therapy, antiinflammatory,cleaning of the lesion and adequate diet. The treatment used was successful, associated withveterinary monitoring during the pre, trans and postoperative period, thus minimizing the risks of compromisingthe mare's reproductive efficiency.

Imunolocalização de angiotensina-(1-7), angiotensina II e Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina tipo II em ovário de cabra / Immunolocalization of angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin II and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme II in goat ovary

There is increasing evidence the participation of ovarian renin-angiotensin system in importantreproductive processes. This study aimed to investigate the presence and location of Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and ACE2in goat ovaries. Ten ovaries from goats killed in slaughterhouse were collected, washed in buffered PBS,perfused with protease inhibitor solution and processed for histology standard protocol. The search of peptideswas performed using the avidin–biotin–peroxidase method. A strong immunoreactivity for Ang II in theca cellsof antral follicles and corpora lutea was observed. Antral follicles (theca cells), corpora lutea and oocytecytoplasm in early antral follicles exhibited strong immunoreactivity for Ang-(1-7). There was strongimmunoreactivity for ACE2 in the cytoplasm of luteal cells and theca cells of antral follicles. For the first time,the presence and location of Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 are reported in goat ovary, can regulate folliculardevelopment, oocyte maturation and corpus luteum development.

Redução de gestação gemelar em égua Quarto de Milha / Twin pregnancy reduction in mare Quarter Horse

Twin pregnancies are a serious problem due to the economic losses generated by high abortion rates,embryonic developmental failure with stillbirths and perinatal mortality, as well as a decrease in mare fertility,being considered an unusual event in veterinary medicine and presenting itself as Challenge to the veterinaryprofessional. In view of the above, this work reported the treatment adopted after the diagnosis of twinpregnancy in a mare, through the reduction of one of the embryonic vesicles through the ultrasound guidedmanual crushing technique. It is concluded that the crushing of one of the vesicles is an effective procedure inreducing twin pregnancy, especially when performed until the 15th day of gestation.

Imunolocalização de angiotensina-(1-7), angiotensina II e Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina tipo II em ovário de cabra / Immunolocalization of angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin II and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme II in goat ovary

There is increasing evidence the participation of ovarian renin-angiotensin system in importantreproductive processes. This study aimed to investigate the presence and location of Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and ACE2in goat ovaries. Ten ovaries from goats killed in slaughterhouse were collected, washed in buffered PBS,perfused with protease inhibitor solution and processed for histology standard protocol. The search of peptideswas performed using the avidin–biotin–peroxidase method. A strong immunoreactivity for Ang II in theca cellsof antral follicles and corpora lutea was observed. Antral follicles (theca cells), corpora lutea and oocytecytoplasm in early antral follicles exhibited strong immunoreactivity for Ang-(1-7). There was strongimmunoreactivity for ACE2 in the cytoplasm of luteal cells and theca cells of antral follicles. For the first time,the presence and location of Ang II, Ang-(1-7) and ACE2 are reported in goat ovary, can regulate folliculardevelopment, oocyte maturation and corpus luteum development.(AU)

Redução de gestação gemelar em égua Quarto de Milha / Twin pregnancy reduction in mare Quarter Horse

Twin pregnancies are a serious problem due to the economic losses generated by high abortion rates,embryonic developmental failure with stillbirths and perinatal mortality, as well as a decrease in mare fertility,being considered an unusual event in veterinary medicine and presenting itself as Challenge to the veterinaryprofessional. In view of the above, this work reported the treatment adopted after the diagnosis of twinpregnancy in a mare, through the reduction of one of the embryonic vesicles through the ultrasound guidedmanual crushing technique. It is concluded that the crushing of one of the vesicles is an effective procedure inreducing twin pregnancy, especially when performed until the 15th day of gestation.(AU)

Laceração perineal de 3° grau em égua Quarto de Milha / 3° grade Perineal laceration in mare Quarter horse

The present report describes the occurrence of a third degree perineal laceration of a Quarter Horsemare and the clinical and surgical measures addressed. During the anamnesis it was reported that the femalepresented a dystocic birth with obstetric maneuvers for the removal of a dead colt from the handler. Areproductive clinical examination revealed third degree perineal laceration compromising mucosa of the vulva,vestibule and vagina with presence of hemorrhage, small amount purulent exudate, pnemovagina and presenceof a rectovaginal communication orifice with fecal contamination. The surgical treatment approached wasvulvoplasty for plastic recovery of the vulva, perineum and rectum allied to the use of antibiotic therapy, antiinflammatory,cleaning of the lesion and adequate diet. The treatment used was successful, associated withveterinary monitoring during the pre, trans and postoperative period, thus minimizing the risks of compromisingthe mare's reproductive efficiency.(AU)

Efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante (rbST) em duas diferentes doses sobre a concentração sérica de progesterona (P4) em cabras Sem Padrão Racial Definido (SPRD) submetidas à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo(IATF) / Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on two different doses on the serum concentration of progesterone (P4) in undefined breed goats submitted to Fixed Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the association of rbST with a protocol ofFTAI on the concentration of progesterone (P4) in in undefined breed goats. Goats were inseminated followingthe 11-day protocole. In D6, the animals were divided into three experimental groups: GI (n = 42) 250 mg rbST,SC, G-II (n = 39) 125 mg rbST, SC, and G- III (n = 41) ( control). P4 hormonal dosages were performed byELISA on D0, D09, D12 and D21. The results show that treatment with somatotropin at two different dosesassociated with an IATF protocol did not affect the serum progesterone concentration.(AU)

Efeito de um inibidor da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina sobre a esteroidogênese, e Angiotensina II e Angiotensina-(1-7) em cabras superovuladas / Effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on steroidogenesis, angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) in superovulated goats

Local renin angiotensin (RAS) system has been described in the ovary, which has been implicated invarious reproductive functions. To evaluate the ovarian RAS in, 13 goats were randomly divided into two groups:Enalapril (n = 7) and control (n = 6). Then, they received superovulation protocol. Enalapril further groupreceived subcutaneously (2mg/kg) enalapril maleate (0.4 mg/kg/day). Blood samples were collected on days 3, 6, 9and 11, and follicular fluid samples from pre-ovulatory ovarian follicles after exposure by celiotomy on D11. AngII in serum and follicular fluid were evaluated on days 9 and 12, Ang-(1-7) on day 12 by HPLC and RIA. E2 andP4 concentrations in serum were determined by ELISA. Ang-(1-7) concentrations in plasma was greater on day9 (P < 0.05), important period for the recruitment and follicular selection. This may indicate that these peptidescan an important function in follicular development and oocyte maturation in superovulated goats.(AU)

Eficiência dos diluidores tris e Botu-Crio® sobre os parâmetros seminais de garanhões das raças quarto de milha e mangalarga marchador / Efficiency of tris extenders and Botu-Crio ® on seminal parameters in stallion breeds quarter horse and mangalarga marchador

The limiting factor in the cryopreservation process of equine semen is related to the species, as they present a great variability in the ejaculates characteristics after thawing. The aim of this study was to evaluate sperm viability after thawing, from Quarter Horse and Mangalarga Marchador stallions using two extenders (Botu-crio and Tris) in cryopreservation. To this end, we analyzed the physical characteristics of fresh semen, the sperm membrane functionality by the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), total motility and vigor by the Thermoresistance Test (TRT), progressive motility by a computerized system CASA (Computer-Assisted Semen Anlyses) and acrosomal membrane integrity and functionality of the mitochondria by epifluorescence microscopy. After thawing, the extender Botu-crio® better preserved motility, vigor and integrity of the plasma membrane. There was no significant difference between breeds for the thermoresistance test after twaing. Quarter Horse showed higher percentage of bigger defects in the sperm pathology analysis.(AU)

O principal fator a limitar o processo de criopreservação de sêmen equino está relacionado à própria espécie, por apresentar uma grande variabilidade nas características dos ejaculados pós-descongelação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a viabilidade espermática pós-descongelação, do sêmen de garanhões das raças Quarto de Milha e Mangalarga Marchador utilizando-se dois diluentes (Tris e Botu-crio®) na criopreservação. Para tanto, foram analisadas as características físicas do sêmen fresco, funcionalidade da membrana espermática pelo Teste Hiposmótico (HOST), motilidade total e vigor pelo Teste de Termoresistência (TTR), motilidade progressiva pelo sistema computadorizado CASA (Computer Assisted Sêmen Anlyses) e integridade da membrana espermática, do acrossoma e funcionalidade de mitocôndria por microscopia de epifluorescência. O diluente Botu-crio® preservou melhor os valores de motilidade e vigor e a integridade de membrana plasmática, pós-descongelamento. Não houve diferença significativa entre as raças quanto à motilidade total e vigor no sêmen fresco, bem como para a análise desses parâmetros no Teste de Termoresistência pós-descongelamento. Garanhões da raça Quarto de Milha apresentaram percentual maior de defeitos maiores na análise de patologia espermática.(AU)