Recursos motivacionales para la autorregulación en la actividad física en edad universitaria / Recursos de motivação para auto-regulação na atividade física em estudantes universitários / Motivational resources for self-regulation in physical activity in college students

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las diferencias en la autodeterminación de los universitarios según el sexo y si practican o no de manera regular o mantenida AF. Así como conocer el nivel de actividad física y su relación con los tipos de regulación. En el estudio participaron 208 sujetos, el 64.9% mujeres y 35.1% hombres. De la muestra total el 62.5% practican actividad física y el 37.5% no lo hace. La media de edad de los participantes es de 20,16 años. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos, el Cuestionario de la Regulación de la Conducta en el Ejercicio (BREQ-3) y el Cuestionario de Hábitos de Actividad Física. Los resultados obtenidos indican la regulación Identificada es la que prevalece en la muestra evaluada. Respecto al sexo, los hombres tienen una media más alta en motivación integrada en comparación con las mujeres. En cuanto las diferencias en los niveles de motivación según el tipo de actividad física practicada o la ausencia se encontraron diferencias significativas en todos los factores excepto en la motivación introyectada entre los sedentarios y los demás grupos. Por último, se encontró diferencias significativas en los factores de regulación Integrada y en Escala Total con los niveles regular o excelente de actividad física (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as diferenças na autodeterminação estudantes universitários entre aqueles que não praticam atividade física e aqueles que a praticam, dependendo do tipo de atividade física e nível de atividade física. A amostra consistiu em 208 sujeitos, 64,9% mulheres e 35,1% homens. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos, o Questionário do Regulamento de Comportamento no Exercício (BREQ-3) e Questionário de Hábitos de atividade física. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a regulação Identificada é prevalente na amostra avaliada. Na Escala total, os meios são estatisticamente diferentes entre aqueles que obtiveram um nível insuficiente de atividade física em comparação com aqueles com um excelente nível de atividade física. Conclui-se que existe uma relação positiva entre a prática da atividade física e um comportamento mais autodeterminado (AU)

The objective of this research was to establish the differences in self-determination of college students between those who do not practice physical activity and those who practice it, depending on the type of physical activity and physical activity level. This study involved 208 college students, 64.9% women and 35.1% men. To define the self-determined motivation, the Questionnaire of the Behavior Regulation in Exercise (BREQ-3) of González-Cutre, Sicilia & Fernández (2010) was used; and to determine the physical activity level, the score obtained by the Questionnaire of Physical Activity Habits of Godard & collaborators (2008) was used. The results indicate that for every type of self-regulated motivation, except the introjected, statistically significant differences are found between the group of college students who do not practice physical activity and the group of college students who practice any form of physical activity, in the total scale the means are statistically different between those who obtained an insufficient level of physical activity in comparison of those with an excellent level of physical activity. It is concluded that there is a positive relationship between the practice of physical activity and a more self-determined behavior (AU)

Diferencias del autoconcepto físico en practicantes y no practicantes de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios / / Diferenças do autoconceito físico em praticantes e não praticantes de actividade física em estudantes universitários / Physical self-concept differences in practitioners and nonpractitioners of physical activity in college students

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivos identificar las diferencias del autoconcepto físico en practicantes regulares y no practicantes de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios. Participaron 208 estudiantes universitarios entre 18 y 31 años de los cuales el 49% realizan actividad física regular y el 51% no practican de forma regular o no realizan ninguna actividad física y se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico (CAF) de Moreno y Cervelló (2005). En todas las dimensiones del autoconcepto físico, así como en las escalas generales de autoconcepto físico y autoconcepto general, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al obtener p-valores debajo de α=.05, esto indica que las autopercepciones fí- sicas y las autopercepciones generales están medidas por la actividad física, por lo que se sustenta la importancia que tiene la actividad física en los universitarios (AU)

The present investigation objective was to identify the differences of physical self-concept in regular practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity in college students. A group of 208 college student between 18 and 31 years participated, of which 49% perform physical activity on a regular basis and 51% do not practice regularly or do not perform any physical activity, and the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire of Moreno & Cervelló (2005) was applied. In all dimensions of physical self-concept, as well as the general scales of physical self-concept and general self-concept, statistically significant differences were found obtaining p-values below α = .05, this indicates that the physical self-perceptions and general self-perceptions are measured by physical activity, so it sustains the importance of physical activity in the self-concept of college students (AU)

A presente investigação teve como objectivo identificar as diferenças do autoconceito físico em praticantes regulares e não praticantes de actividade física em estudantes universitários. Participaram no estudo 339 estudantes universitários entre os 18 e os 31 anos dos quais 49% realizam actividade física regular e 51% não praticam de forma regular ou não realizam nenhuma actividade física, aos quais foi aplicado o Questionário de Autoconceito Físico (CAF) de Moreno e Cervelló (2005). Em todas as dimensões do autoconceito físico, assim como nas escalas gerais de autoconceito físico e autoconceito geral, foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao serem obtidos p-values abaixo de α=.05, indicando que as autopercepções físicas e as autopercepções gerais são medidas pela actividade física, enfatizando a importância que tem a actividade física nos estudantes universitários (AU)

[The basis of ischemia-reperfusion and myocardial protection]. / Base des phénomènes d'ischémie reperfusion et de la protection myocardique.

The myocardial infarction represents a major cause of mortality. The deleterious phenomena arising during the ischaemia and the reperfusion of the myocardium are studied for more than 40 years. We thought for a long time that the ischaemia was the harmful stage, at the origin of the decrease of the energy stores, the dysregulation of the ionic homeostasis and the metabolic deregulation. We know now that the reperfusion itself is also a source of noxious effects (calcium overload, free radicals production, mitochondrion alteration). To combat these deleterious processes, two maneuvers demonstrated their efficiency by protecting the ischemic myocardium : it is the preconditioning and the postconditionning.

One hour reperfusion is enough to assess function and infarct size with TTC staining in Langendorff rat model.

BACKGROUND: There is not general agreement concerning the optimal time of reperfusion necessary to assess myocardial function and necrosis on isolated perfused heart model. Nevertheless, the study of cardioprotection (especially, pre- and postconditioning) requires a reliable and standardized assessment of myocardial necrosis. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was thus to evaluate whether 1 h of reperfusion was sufficient to assess rat heart viability on Langendorff preparation. Isolated rat hearts (n = 30) underwent 40 min of global normothermic ischemia followed by 60 or 120 min Langendorff reperfusion. In each group, hearts were also randomly assigned into the 2 following sub-groups: postconditioning (PostC, consisting in 2 episodes of 30 s ischemia and 30 s reperfusion at the onset of reperfusion), and control (no intervention). Coronary flow, heart rate, dP/dt and rate-pressure-product were measured. Myocardial necrosis was assessed by TTC staining and LDH, CK release analysis. RESULTS: Our results indicated that heart function tended to slightly decrease between 60 min and 120 min reperfusion. Infarct size was identical at 60 min and 120 min reperfusion, averaging 33-34% of total LV area in controls versus 17% in PostC (p < 0.001 between control and PostC groups). Similarly, the maximum of enzymatic releases (CK and LDH) measured in coronary effluents was at 60 min of reperfusion, followed by a progressive decrease at 90 min and 120 min. As expected, postconditioning limited enzymatic releases whatever the studied time of reperfusion. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we showed that prolonged reperfusion beyond 60 min was not useful for function assessment and did not change infarct size measurement, on Langendorff rat model of ischemia-reperfusion.

Optimal pressure for low pressure controlled reperfusion to efficiently protect ischemic heart: an experimental study in rats.

Recent work has demonstrated the benefit of low pressure (LP) reperfusion to protect the heart undergoing an ischemic insult. The goal of the present study was to determine the optimal pressure for the application of LP reperfusion. Isolated rats hearts (n = 30) were exposed to 40 minutes of global warm ischemia followed by 70 minutes of reperfusion with a pressure fixed at 100 cm H(2)O (normal pressure [NP] = control group), 85 cm (group LP [low pressure]-85), 70 cm (group LP-70), or 55 cm (group LP-55). Cardiac function was assessed during reperfusion using the Langendorff model. Myocardial necrosis was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) leakage in the coronary effluents. Functional recovery was progressively and significantly improved with decreased perfusion pressure. Rate-pressure product (RPP) averaged 3765 +/- 408, 6824 +/- 439, and 12,036 +/- 664 mm Hg/min, respectively, among the control, LP-85, and LP-70 groups (P < .001, LP-70 vs other groups). However, RPP collapsed in the LP-55 group. Similarly, necrosis as measured by LDH and CK leakage progressively reduced between LP-100 and LP-70 hearts (P < .01), with a drastic increase in enzyme in the LP-55 group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that 70 cm H(2)O is an optimal LP to improve postischemic contractile dysfunction and attenuate necrosis during reperfusion.

Optimal time duration for low-pressure controlled reperfusion to efficiently protect ischemic rat heart.

Previous studies have shown the capacity of low-pressure (LP) reperfusion to protect the ischemic heart. The present study sought to determine the optimal time for the application of LP reperfusion. Isolated rat hearts (n = 30) were exposed to 40 minutes of global warm ischemia followed by 70 minutes of reperfusion. Reperfusion was performed under LP (LP = 70 cm H(2)O) for 0 (control group), 5 (group LP-5), 10 (group LP-10), 30 (group LP-30), or 60 (group LP-60) minutes. Following the LP period the hearts were reperfused with normal pressure (100 cm H(2)O) until the end of reperfusion. Cardiac function was assessed during reperfusion using the Langendorff model. Myocardial necrosis was assessed by measuring LDH leakage in the coronary effluents. Functional recovery was reduced among the control and LP-5 groups with rate-pressure products (RPP) averaging 3788 +/- 499 and 5333 +/- 892 mm Hg/min, respectively. RPP was significantly improved in other groups with RPP averaging 7363 +/- 1159, 7441 +/- 863, and 7269 +/- 692 mm Hg/min in LP-10, LP-30, and LP-60 (P < .01). Similarly, necrosis measured by LDH leakage was significantly reduced in LP-10, LP-30, and LP-60 hearts (P < .01). This study demonstrated that LP reperfusion improves postischemic contractile dysfunction and attenuates necrosis when applied for at least 10 minutes.

Effect of valacyclovir on viral shedding in immunocompetent patients with recurrent herpes simplex virus 2 genital herpes: a US-based randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of daily suppressive therapy with a 1-g dose of valacyclovir in reducing total (clinical and subclinical) herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) shedding compared with placebo in Immunocompetent patients diagnosed as having recurrent HSV-2 genital herpes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From June 18, 2004, to December 17, 2004, patients from 27 US sites with a history of 6 or more genital herpes recurrences per year were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive 1 g/d of valacyclovir or placebo. During the double-blind suppressive therapy, patients were provided with the study drug (500-mg valacyclovir caplets or matching placebo) and Instructed to take 2 caplets once daily without regard to meals for 60 days. Daily genital and anal or rectal swabs were self-collected during the 60-day study period for evaluation of HSV-2 viral shedding as determined by quantitative type-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-two patients were randomized into this study, 43 to placebo and 109 to 1 g/d of valacyclovir. A total of 134 completed the study (40 placebo [93%], 94 valacyclovir [86%]), and 18 prematurely withdrew (3 placebo [7%], 15 valacyclovir [14%]). Valacyclovir significantly reduced the percentage of days with total (clinical and subclinical) HSV-2 shedding throughout 60 days compared with placebo. In the intent-to-treat population, a 71% reduction in total shedding (P < .001), a 58% reduction in subclinical shedding (P < .001), and a 64% reduction in clinical shedding (P = .01) were observed. Valacyclovir was not associated with any significant toxic effects compared with placebo. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that 1 g/d of valacyclovir administered for 60 days was generally well tolerated and was an effective suppressive therapy that significantly reduced total (clinical and subclinical) HSV-2 shedding compared with placebo in immunocompetent patients diagnosed as having recurrent HSV-2 genital herpes.

High energy compound stability during experimental brain death.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of sudden brain death (BD) on myocardial function and high energy phosphate (HEP) stores. BD was induced by cerebral vessel ligation in six swine (BD group) that were compared to six control swine. At the end of the BD period (3 hours), harvested hearts were stored at 4 degrees C. Myocardial tissue HEP were assessed by: (i) (31)P-NMR spectroscopy of left ventricle for phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and intracellular pH (pHi), and by (ii) HPLC for ATP, ADP, and AMP levels in left ventricle biopsies. Brain death resulted in a instantaneous major increase in catecholamines (>50-fold, P < .001) and paradoxically a significant progressive decrease in the regional contractility of the left ventricle. After cardioplegia, no significant differences on HEP compounds (ATP/Pi, PCr/Pi, ATP, energetic index) or in pHi were observed between BD and control groups. These data suggest that early heart injury occurring during BD does not seem to be an ischemic phenomenon.

A simple and reliable method to assess heart viability after hypothermic procurement.

Hearts from brain dead pigs (n = 18) were submitted to 0 (group I), 10 (group II), or 20 (group III) minutes of in situ warm ischemia (animal exsanguination). After harvesting, cold cardioplegia solution was perfused in retrograde fashion and initial coronary flow (ICF) measured. After left ventricular energetic indices were measured using NMR spectroscopy, the hearts were transplanted orthotopically. Follow-up was performed over 120 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass. We observed a progressive decrease in ICF with increased warm ischemia times: 50 +/- 3.4 mL/min per 100 g of tissue in the group I, 36 +/- 7 and 30 +/- 3.5 in groups II and III, respectively (P < .05 and P < .01 versus group I). The ICF strongly correlated with the energetic index (r = 0.76, P < .001) and with posttransplant function of the transplanted heart. These data showed that measurement of initial coronary flow after cardioplegia was a reliable test to evaluate cardiac graft viability before transplantation.

Controlled reperfusion after hypothermic heart preservation inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition-pore opening and enhances functional recovery.

We investigated whether low-pressure reperfusion may attenuate postischemic contractile dysfunction, limits necrosis and apoptosis after a prolonged hypothermic ischemia, and inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition-pore (MPTP) opening. Isolated rats hearts (n = 72) were exposed to 8 h of cold ischemia and assigned to the following groups: 1) reperfusion with low pressure (LP = 70 cmH(2)O) and 2) reperfusion with normal pressure (NP = 100 cmH(2)O). Cardiac function was assessed during reperfusion using the Langendorff model. Mitochondria were isolated, and the Ca(2+) resistance capacity (CRC) of the MPTP was determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) production, caspase-3 activity, and cytochrome c were also assessed. We found that functional recovery was significantly improved in LP hearts with rate-pressure product averaging 30,380 +/- 1,757 vs. 18,000 +/- 1,599 mmHg/min in NP hearts (P < 0.01). Necrosis, measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and creatine kinase leakage, was significantly reduced in LP hearts (P < 0.01). The CRC was increased in LP heart mitochondria (P < 0.01). Caspase-3 activity, cytochrome c release, and MDA production were reduced in LP hearts (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). This study demonstrated that low-pressure reperfusion after hypothermic heart ischemia improves postischemic contractile dysfunction and attenuates necrosis and apoptosis. This protection could be related to an inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition.

Low-pressure reperfusion alters mitochondrial permeability transition.

We hypothesized that low-pressure reperfusion may limit myocardial necrosis and attenuate postischemic contractile dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Male Wistar rat hearts (n = 36) were perfused according to the Langendorff technique, exposed to 40 min of ischemia, and assigned to one of the following groups: 1) reperfusion with normal pressure (NP = 100 cmH(2)O) or 2) reperfusion with low pressure (LP = 70 cmH(2)O). Creatine kinase release and tetraphenyltetrazolium chloride staining were used to evaluate infarct size. Modifications of cardiac function were assessed by changes in coronary flow, heart rate (HR), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), the first derivate of the pressure curve (dP/dt), and the rate-pressure product (RPP = LVDP x HR). Mitochondria were isolated from the reperfused myocardium, and the Ca(2+)-induced mPTP opening was measured using a potentiometric approach. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde production. Infarct size was significantly reduced in the LP group, averaging 17 +/- 3 vs. 33 +/- 3% of the left ventricular weight in NP hearts. At the end of reperfusion, functional recovery was significantly improved in LP hearts, with RPP averaging 10,392 +/- 876 vs. 3,969 +/- 534 mmHg/min in NP hearts (P < 0.001). The Ca(2+) load required to induce mPTP opening averaged 232 +/- 10 and 128 +/- 16 microM in LP and NP hearts, respectively (P < 0.001). Myocardial malondialdehyde was significantly lower in LP than in NP hearts (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the protection afforded by low-pressure reperfusion involves an inhibition of the opening of the mPTP, possibly via reduction of reactive oxygen species production.

[Adaptation of perfusion flow during reperfusion to protect ischemic myocardium from calcium loading]. / Adaptation du débit de reperfusion en vue de protéger le myocarde ischémique de l'invasion calcique.

The aim of this study was (i) to evaluate calcium exchanges occurring during the first stage of reperfusion, and (ii) to investigate the effect of reperfusion flow applied on safe and ischemic hearts. Pig hearts (n = 20) were arrested with cardioplegia and randomly assigned into 2 groups: an ischemic group (1 hour in vitro ischemia at 38 degrees C) versus control group, before being subjected to aortic reperfusion (using 1 and 0.1 ml min-1 g-1 perfusion flow). Both oedema and arterio-venous differences in calcium were analysed during reperfusion. The data showed myocardial Ca++ loading in control hearts reperfused at low flow (p < 0.01) and in ischemic hearts reperfused at high flow (p < 0.01), whereas a low flow reperfusion appeared to protect ischemic hearts. In all groups, reperfusion oedema was greater than 20%. In conclusion, the data suggest that reperfusion flow of arrested hearts should be adapted to the state of the heart: a high flow, necessary for a safe heart, can be deleterious for ischemic heart, whereas a low flow, protective for ischemic hearts, can be deleterious for safe heart.

Lung transplantation by continuous perfusion in an experimental auto-transplant animal model.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preservation of the lung using the cold flushing technique in association with continuous perfusion of the organ during static hypothermic storage. METHODS: In the first phase, the hearts and lungs of 5 New Zealand rabbits were removed three hours after establishing brain death. The left lungs were each conserved in 200 ml of low-potassium UW solution at 10 degrees C for 3 hours of cold ischemia (control group I). The right lungs were also placed in cold storage but were perfused continuously for three hours with low-potassium UW solution at 10 degrees C (group II). In the second phase, ten rabbits underwent a right lung auto-transplant. Lungs were conserved using two techniques. Histoenzymatic and pathological tests were performed: lung function was evaluated. RESULTS: In the first phase the histopathological examination carried out at the end of storage revealed fewer ischemic alterations in the second group compared to the first. In the second phase a significant hypoxia was observed in group I when both lungs and the right lung only were perfused. The histopathological examination revealed ischaemia/reperfusion lesions in both groups though mainly in group I and a good level of ATPase activity in group II though these results were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Cold flushing of the pulmonary artery and continuous perfusion during static hypothermic storage appears to guarantee a better partial arterial pressure of oxygen in this model of auto-transplant compared to the classical cold storage method.

Effect of diaspirin cross-linked haemoglobin (DCLHb) on mean arterial pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass in swine.

Diaspirin cross-linked haemoglobin (DCLHb) is a haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier which had been proposed as a resuscitative solution to replace red cell transfusion in many clinical situations. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of different volumes of DCLHb 10% (1, 5 and 10 mL kg-1) on the cardiovascular system during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and to determine the effect of DCLHb (18 mL kg-1) when added directly to the CPB prime in anaesthetized swine. DCLHb, when used as a priming solution, induced a significant increase (around 20%) in mean arterial pressure (MAP), which persisted during the entire period of CPB (P < 0.05) as compared with controls. Administration of increasing doses of DCLHb during the time course of CPB resulted in a progressive increase in MAP (P < 0.05), suggesting a linear dose-response relationship. Nicardipine, a calcium channel blocker, returned MAP to baseline. Finally, weaning of CPB was easier in animals that received DCLHb, thereby suggesting a potential protective effect of free haemoglobin in this particular clinical situation.

Evaluation of a new preservative solution for cardiac graft during hypothermia.

BACKGROUND: Reports conflict on the beneficial effects of several cardioplegic solutions such as University of Wisconsin and St. Thomas' Hospital solutions. Therefore our objective was to assess the efficacy of several cardioplegic solutions for cardiac preservation by comparing University of Wisconsin modified solution (UW-1 and UW-1 + calcium = UW-2), St. Thomas' Hospital solution N degrees 1 (STH-1), Celsior solution, and a solution from our laboratory, Lyon preservation solution (LYPS). METHODS: We randomized male rats (n = 70) to 7 groups: LYPS, Celsior, STH-1, UW-1, UW-2, normal saline solution, and control. All hearts, except control hearts were preserved by cold storage (8 hours, 4 degrees C) in the various solutions. We used isolated non-working-heart preparations (left ventricular function evaluation, n = 5/group) or biopsy specimens (energetic store evaluation, n = 5/group) to assess quality of heart preservation. RESULTS: Hearts stored with the saline solution had a mean left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) of 3.6 +/- 1.3 mm Hg. In contrast, LYPS and Celsior hearts had mean LVDP close to that of the control hearts (97 +/- 2.6, 92.1 +/- 2.2, and 122 +/- 1.9 mm Hg, respectively), whereas STH-1, UW-1, and UW-2 hearts presented an intermediate functional response (48 +/- 4, 39.9 +/- 4.1, and 69 +/- 1.8 mm Hg, respectively). The STH-1 and saline hearts showed increased release of creatine kinase (541.9 +/- 168 and 1,080.8 +/- 126.2 UI/liter, respectively). The energetic charge (EC = [(0.5 ADP + ATP)/ATP + ADP + AMP]) in Celsior, UW-2, and saline was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in the other groups. CONCLUSION: The composition of the preservation solutions had a notable effect on myocardial viability. Our results indicated that LYPS and Celsior solutions had comparable efficacy for left ventricular function. However these solutions may offer better preservation than do UW-1, UW-2, or STH-1 solutions.

Microperfusion techniques for long-term hypothermic preservation.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare several methods of hypothermic heart preservation. METHODS: We preserved isolated pig hearts for 24 hours in cold cardioplegia (4 degrees C), using either continuous microperfusion (Group I) or simple storage (Group II), and with a new preservative solution (NPS, groups IA and IIA) vs St. Thomas' solution (groups IB and IIB). The main characteristics of the NPS include (1) prevention of cell swelling with polyethelene glycol (PEG), (2) low calcium and magnesium, and (3) presence of metabolic substrates, such as glucose, insulin, pyruvate, aspartate, alanyl-glutamine, and membrane stabilization compounds such as ethanol and chlorpromazine. RESULTS: The 4 above groups were compared with hearts harvested and immediately reperfused (control group). During preservation, only Group IB showed significant edema (40% +/- 8.4% water gain). Adenylate charge was 25% to 50% higher in microperfused Groups IA and IB (0.678 +/- 0.049 and 0.795 +/- 0.071, respectively) as compared with simple-storage groups IIA and IIB (0.605 +/- 0.048 and 0.524 +/- 0.160, respectively). Ultrastructural analysis showed that tissue injury occurred mainly in Group IIB (altered mitochondria, chromatin clumping). Functional data showed better recovery of NPS groups as compared with St. Thomas groups: coronary flow was identical in Group IB and control (57.8 +/- 22 and 56.6 +/- 14 ml/min/100 g, respectively), and in IA > IB (p < 0.001) and IIA > IIB (p < 0.01); the rate pressure products were higher in NPS groups compared with St. Thomas groups (IA > IB, p < 0.01); IIA > IIB, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The microperfusion method associated with the NPS provides excellent protection in long-term hypothermic heart preservation.

Validación clínico-estadística de cuantificación de superficies en úlceras por presión / Clinical-statistical validation of the quantification of bedsore surface

En el campo de los cuidados de enfermería dispensados a los pacientes portadores de úlceras por presión es necesario destacar los que inciden en el control y evolución de dichas lesiones mediante la medición y cuantificación de las superficies cutáneas que se ven incursas en la situación mencionada. En la bibliografía se recogen diversas alternativas para dar satisfacción a dicho requerimiento. Nosotros planteamos en este trabajo un estudio comparativo de diversos métodos de medición de las superficies cutáneas, en los pacientes afectos de úlceras por presión, que nos ha permitido descartar alguno de ellos tras el análisis estadístico correspondiente de las diversas variables. Por el contrario, con respecto a otros métodos de medición de superficies ulcerativas hemos comprobado su validación estadística aunque alguno de los utilizados ha mostrado menos exactitud que otro propuesto por nosotros concluyendo, finalmente, que es necesario aplicar un método que permita al profesional de enfermería alcanzar objetivos de rapidez, eficacia y fiabilidad así como la posibilidad del registro protocolizado (AU)