RESUMEN
The authors argue that complementary hostile and benevolent components of sexism exist across cultures. Male dominance creates hostile sexism (HS), but men's dependence on women fosters benevolent sexism (BS)--subjectively positive attitudes that put women on a pedestal but reinforce their subordination. Research with 15,000 men and women in 19 nations showed that (a) HS and BS are coherent constructs that correlate positively across nations, but (b) HS predicts the ascription of negative and BS the ascription of positive traits to women, (c) relative to men, women are more likely to reject HS than BS, especially when overall levels of sexism in a culture are high, and (d) national averages on BS and HS predict gender inequality across nations. These results challenge prevailing notions of prejudice as an antipathy in that BS (an affectionate, patronizing ideology) reflects inequality and is a cross-culturally pervasive complement to HS.
Asunto(s)
Características Culturales , Prejuicio , Estereotipo , Mujeres , Adulto , África , Américas , Asia , Australia , Comparación Transcultural , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Psicológicos , Muestreo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
In order to assess the factors which influence the occurrence of social anxiety, 45 subjects (25 male and 20 female) were divided into high, moderate and low social anxiety groups on the basis of a self-report inventory. Their performance in a series of simulated social interactions was assessed on self-report measures of anxiety and social skill, cognitive self-statements and judge ratings of overt behaviours. Results obtained indicated differences across the anxiety groups on each of these sets of variables. This was interpreted as being consistent with a view that both cognitive and behavioural variables influence social anxiety.
