RESUMEN
Because some gangliosides bind bacteria, we tested the influence of supplementating an adapted milk formula with gangliosides, at a total concentration of 1.43 mg/100 kcal, on the fecal microflora of preterm infants. At all sampling times, feces from infants fed with ganglioside-supplemented formula had significantly lower relative content of Escherichia coli than feces from infants fed with control milk formula: the difference was especially significant at age 7 days postnatal < .001). At age 30 days postnatal, fecal bifidobacterial counts were higher in infants fed with ganglioside-supplemented formula (P < .05). We conclude that gangliosides at concentrations present in human milk significantly modify the fecal flora.
Asunto(s)
Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Heces/microbiología , Alimentos Fortificados , Gangliósidos/administración & dosificación , Alimentos Infantiles , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The deformability of the red blood cell is a important factor in the blood viscosity and it is related with the blood viscosity and it is modified by the plasma biochemical characteristics and the composition of hemoglobin in the red blood cell. In this study, we want to compare the rheologic characteristics in the blood of cord umbilical in term and preterm newborns during the first 24 hours of life and we want to evaluate that hemorheologic modifications are explained because of the different gestational age. METHODS: We studied 191 newborns in our maternity from 1989 until 1990. We analyzed four groups: In the first group (n = 40) of preterm newborn (gestational age < 37 weeks); in the second group (n = 72) of term newborns (gestational age > 37 weeks); the samples were obtained from umbilical artery immediately after the umbilical cord clamp; in the third group (n = 38) of preterm newborn and the fourth group of term newborns (n = 41) was studied during 24 hours after delivery. We analyzed the plasma viscosity, the viscosity of red blood cell (RBC) content and the RBC rigidity calculated by Taylor's coefficient. RESULTS: The RBC rigidity is greater during the post-delivery period, which could be in relation with the greater values of plasma viscosity and the RBC content during the postnatal period. The comparisons between umbilical cord of term and preterm newborn they did not show differences for the RBC content viscosity and the relative viscosity. The plasma viscosity of the umbilical cord was discretely greater in the term newborn though in meaning limits statistics. In umbilical cord the hematocrit does not defer significantly between term and preterm newborns. CONCLUSIONS: Following our data we can make firm that the RBC rigidity is increased after the delivery in term and preterm newborns and the greater relative viscosity observed in newborn to term during the first life extrauterine days in related fundamentally to the corporal liquids readjustment that occurs after of delivery.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica , Viscosidad Sanguínea , Deformación Eritrocítica , Recién Nacido/sangre , Recien Nacido Prematuro/sangre , Sangre Fetal/fisiología , Edad Gestacional , HumanosAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Aorta/diagnóstico por imagen , Embolia/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Ilíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía Intervencional , Trombosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Aguda , Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aorta Abdominal/cirugía , Enfermedades de la Aorta/cirugía , Brazo/irrigación sanguínea , Enfermedad Crítica , Embolectomía , Embolia/cirugía , Arteria Femoral/cirugía , Humanos , Arteria Ilíaca/cirugía , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Trombectomía , Trombosis/cirugíaRESUMEN
Nutritional assessment was made in 134 pediatric patients before surgery in order to analyze the influence of age, sex anthropometric nutritional index and type of surgical operation (urgent vs elective). The anthropometrical index, hematology measurements and serum protein levels were compared by using a one-way ANOVA and a linear correlation was performed when appropriate. The type of surgery and age of the patient were the factors which influence nutritional status the most among the pre-operatively screened surgical pediatric patients. In addition, pre-albumin, retinol-binding protein and acute-phase proteins have been shown to be affected by stress and appear to be more sensitive indicators of nutritional state than comparison of the types of surgery.
Asunto(s)
Estado Nutricional , Servicio de Cirugía en Hospital , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Antropometría , Peso Corporal , Niño , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales Infantiles , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Factores Sexuales , España , Estrés PsicológicoRESUMEN
The most frequent cause of toxic shock in our area is meningococcal sepsis. It is currently assumed that endotoxin produce by this bacteria, a lipopolysaccharide with toxic properties, is able to trigger shock and DIC by stimulating both arachidonic acid pathways, among other actions. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated significant differences (p +/- 0.001) in the amounts of endotoxins released in vitro by strains from patients and healthy carriers and statistically related criteria of severity with mortality in 256 patients in our center over the last 10 years. In the present study we attempted to establish whether plasma levels of endotoxin were correlated with the severity of the disease. We studied 32 patients with meningococcal sepsis, dividing the subjects into two groups: those in whom six or more criteria of severity were present, and those in whom less than six criteria were found. Blood levels of endotoxin were determined upon admission and after the administration of antibiotics (penicillin and chloramphenicol) using the limulus test with a chromogenic substrate (Coatest, Endotoxin, Kabivitrum, Sweden). Levels of endotoxins were significantly higher in patients with more than six criteria of severity both upon admission (0.6 +/- 0.03) ng/ml) and 4 h. afterward (0.74 +/- 0.006 ng/ml) in comparison to children in whom the clinical picture was less serious (0.27 +/- 0.18 ng/ml and 0.27 +/- 0.18 ng/ml and 0.27 +/- 0.16 ng/ml7 t = 5.8 y t = 5.6 respectively. Endotoxin levels were highest in patients presenting shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation in the hypocoagulability phase and more than 8 criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Meningocócicas/microbiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/microbiología , Sepsis/etiología , Choque Séptico/microbiología , Toxinas Bacterianas/sangre , Endotoxinas/sangre , Endotoxinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Infecciones Meningocócicas/sangre , Infecciones Meningocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/sangre , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/tratamiento farmacológico , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sepsis/microbiología , Choque Séptico/sangre , Choque Séptico/tratamiento farmacológicoAsunto(s)
Epilepsia , Niño , Epilepsia/clasificación , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/etiología , HumanosRESUMEN
To asses the possible role of prostaglandins in the fetoplacental circulation during delivery PGE and PGF2-alfa plasma levels were measured in the umbilical vessels of term newborns. The levels of PGF2-alfa in blood from the umbilical vein are significantly higher and more variable than in the umbilical artery; 83.38 +/- 78.05 pg/ml versus 43.28 +/- 5.32 pg/ml. PGE levels are also higher in the vein 114.73 +/- 25.16 pg/ml than in the artery 83.63 +/- 9.22 pg/ml. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the arterial pH and PGE in the umbilical vein these results support the idea that the plasmatic umbilical prostaglandins are synthetized by the placenta the variability in the values obtained in venous umbilical blood may reflect the different times of ligation of the umbilical cord. A decrease in fetal pH may be the stimulus for the prostaglandin synthesis by the placenta.
Asunto(s)
Equilibrio Ácido-Base , Dinoprost/sangre , Prostaglandinas E/sangre , Arterias Umbilicales/análisis , Cordón Umbilical/irrigación sanguínea , Puntaje de Apgar , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recién Nacido , EmbarazoRESUMEN
The pharmacokinetic and clinical efficacy of three theophylline slow-release formulations was studied in 29 children suffering chronic bronchial asthma. Theophylline loading dose was of 6 mg/kg; maintenance dose was adjusted according to therapeutic effect and drug plasma concentrations and ranged to 11.1 to 31.3 mg/kg/daily (means = 22.32 +/- 6.6 mg/kg/daily). Peak theophylline plasma levels were 13.38 +/- 4.83 micrograms/ml and through plasma levels were 8.73 +/- 3.78 micrograms/ml. No difference was found among theophylline formulations for clinical response nor kinetic parameters. Drug plasma half-life varied from 2.9 to 18.2 hr (means = 8.85 +/- 3.64 hr). Theophylline total body clearance and apparent volume of distribution exhibited a marked decrease during chronic drug administration in relation to the values observed after intake of the loading dose. Twenty three of the children reached a good degree of control of bronchospasm and did not require any associated medication.
Asunto(s)
Asma/sangre , Teofilina/farmacocinética , Adolescente , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Niño , Preescolar , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Semivida , Humanos , Teofilina/efectos adversos , Teofilina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
A study of urinary osmolarities and plasmatic level of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) 48 hours after birth in a group of 70 newborns (30 of which are normal and 40 of which have acute perinatal hypoxia), selected according to previously established criteria is carried out. An evolutionary study of urinary osmolarities of newborns with acute perinatal hypoxia, osmolar index and its relation to plasmatic levels of AVP during the first week of life is also considered. AVP 48 hours after birth was blatantly more elevated among those newborns who had shown acidosis at birth (p less than 0.001) which correlated significantly with urinary osmolarity, although it showed low figures (p less than 0.05). This same correlation (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05) appears with osmolar index and urinary osmolarity on successive days, but it is important to point out that vasopressin decreased to base values at the end of the first week of life while osmolarities in urine increased. Conclusions are: 1) AVP is higher after 48 hours of life among those newborns with acute perinatal hypoxia and decreases progressively during the first week of life, being comparable to values obtained from normally born children 48 hours after birth at the eight day of life. 2) Renal response to this hormone is slight during the first days of life.