Periradicular lesions in HIV-infected patients attending the faculty of dentistry: clinical findings, socio-demographics status, habits and laboratory data - seeking an association.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of periradicular lesions in HIV-infected Brazilian patients and to assess the correlation of several factors with the periradicular status. METHOD: One hundred full-mouth periapical radiographs were evaluated. A total of 2,214 teeth were evaluated for the presence of periradicular lesions, caries lesions, coronal restorations, pulp cavity exposure and endodontic treatment. RESULTS: The prevalence of periradicular lesions was 46%. There were no significant differences between individuals with or without periradicular lesions with respect to their socio-demographic status, habits, laboratory data and route of HIV infection. However, the presence of a periradicular lesion was statistically correlated with the number of teeth with endodontic treatment (p = 0.018), inadequate endodontic treatment (p = 0.025), images suggesting pulp cavity exposure (p = 0.002) and caries lesions (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of periradicular lesions in HIV-infected individuals was 46% and was not related to HIV infection.

Periradicular lesions in HIV-infected patients attending the faculty of dentistry: clinical findings, socio-demographics status, habits and laboratory data - seeking an association

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of periradicular lesions in HIV-infected Brazilian patients and to assess the correlation of several factors with the periradicular status. METHOD: One hundred full-mouth periapical radiographs were evaluated. A total of 2,214 teeth were evaluated for the presence of periradicular lesions, caries lesions, coronal restorations, pulp cavity exposure and endodontic treatment. RESULTS: The prevalence of periradicular lesions was 46%. There were no significant differences between individuals with or without periradicular lesions with respect to their socio-demographic status, habits, laboratory data and route of HIV infection. However, the presence of a periradicular lesion was statistically correlated with the number of teeth with endodontic treatment (p = 0.018), inadequate endodontic treatment (p = 0.025), images suggesting pulp cavity exposure (p = 0.002) and caries lesions (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of periradicular lesions in HIV-infected individuals was 46% and was not related to HIV infection. .

Antimicrobial activity of three temporary endodontic coronal sealers / Atividade antimicrobiana de três seladores coronários temporários em Endodontia

Objective: The object of the present study is to analyze, in vitro, the antimicrobial activity of three temporary endodontic coronal sealers.Methods: The materials tested were Tempo® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), IRM® (Dentsply, Petrópolis, Brazil) and Coltosol® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The agar diffusion method was used for this analysis. Nine plates containing the agar blood culture medium were inoculated withhuman saliva and in each plate three equidistant cavities were made and filled with one of the materials tested. Two plates were not inoculatedand served as the negative control of the culture medium. All the plates were incubated in bacteriological incubators, in aerobiosis, for 48 hours, at 37oC. The inhibition halos of bacterial growth were measured in millimeters. Results: Tempo® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) did not show a inhibition halo of bacterial growth in any of the nine plates. Coltosol® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) produced halos in all plates, and IRM® (Dentsply, Petrópolis, Brazil) in 4 out of 9 plates. In all the tests, the halos produced by Coltosol® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were more pronounced than the ones produced by IRM® (Dentsply, Petrópolis, Brazil) (p<0.05). The temporary coronal sealer Coltosol® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) presented the most prominent antimicrobial activity, followed by the temporary coronal sealer IRM® (Dentsply, Petrópolis, Brazil). Conclusion: Among the materials tested, it was concluded that the Coltosol® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) presented the highest antimicrobial activity.

Objetivo: Avaliar, in vitro, a atividade antimicrobiana de três seladores coronários temporários utilizados em Endodontia. Métodos: Os materiais testados foram o Tempo® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), IRM® (Dentsply, Petrópolis, Brasil) e Coltosol® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). O método utilizado para a avaliação foi o teste de difusão em ágar. Nove placas contendo o meio de cultura ágar-sangue foram inoculadas com saliva humana e em cada uma foram confeccionados 3 furos eqüidistantes sendo cada um preenchido com um dos materiais testados. Duas placas foram inoculadas e serviram como controle negativo do meio de cultura. Todas as placas foram incubadas em estufa bacteriológica, em aerobiose, por 48 horas, à temperatura de 37ºC. Os halos de inibição do crescimento bacteriano foram medidos em milímetros.Resultados: O selador temporário Tempo® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) não apresentou halo de inibição do crescimento bacteriano nas nove placas. Coltosol® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) produziu halo de inibição em todas as placas enquanto que o IRM® (Dentsply, Petrópolis, Brasil) produziu halo em 4 das 9 placas. Em todos os testes, os halos produzidos pelo Coltosol® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) foram maispronunciados que os do IRM® (Dentsply, Petrópolis, Brasil) (p<0.05). O selador coronário temporário Coltosol® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro,Brasil) apresentou a atividade antimicrobiana mais pronunciada, seguido pelo IRM® (Dentsply, Petrópolis, Brasil). O selador temporário Tempo®(Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) não apresentou qualquer atividade antimicrobiana. Conclusão: Dentre os materiais testados, podemos concluir que o Coltosol® (Vigodent, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil) é o que apresenta maior atividade antimicrobiana.

Periodontal disease in HIV-infected adults in the HAART era: Clinical, immunological, and microbiological aspects.

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has decreased the incidence and prevalence of several oral manifestations such as oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-infected patients. Regarding periodontal disease the findings are not clear. This disease represents a group of chronic oral diseases characterized by infection and inflammation of the periodontal tissues. These tissues surround the teeth and provide periodontal protection (the gingival tissue) and periodontal support (periodontal ligament, root cementum, alveolar bone). Clinical, immunological, and microbiological aspects of these diseases, such as linear gingival erythema (LGE), necrotizing periodontal diseases (NPD) (necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis [NUG], necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis [NUP] and necrotizing stomatitis), and chronic periodontitis, have been widely studied in HIV-infected individuals, but without providing conclusive results. The purpose of this review was to contribute to a better overall understanding of the probable impact of HIV-infection on the characteristics of periodontal infections.

Factors associated with specific clinical forms of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected Brazilian adults.

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the association among factors related with specific clinical forms of oral candidiasis (OC) in HIV-infected Brazilian adults. DESIGN: This study was conducted with 590 HIV-infected adults from 1997 to 2004. The OC diagnosis was based in accordance with the EC-Clearinghouse classification. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to measure the association between HAART and OC, with pseudomembranous [PC], erythematous [EC], and angular cheilitis [AC]) adjusted for HIV-related diseases, smoking, alcohol consumption, injecting and non-injecting drug use. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighteen (37.0%) individuals were undergoing HAART. The prevalence of PC, EC and AC was 21.2%, 15.7% and 8.8%, respectively. Approximately 64% of the individuals with PC and EC, and 76.5% with AC had absolute CD4 levels ≤200cells/mm(3). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that subjects not undergoing HAART had a significantly higher odds ratio for PC [OR 3.67 (95% CI: 1.97-6.80)] and EC [OR 1.88 (95% CI: 1.04-3.39)], and AC [OR 4.56 (95% CI: 1.58-13.19)]. In addition, smoking [OR 2.58 (95% CI: 1.43-4.68)] and pneumocystis pneumonia [OR 1.92 (95% CI: 1.07-3.42)] were associated with PC, while high alcohol consumption [OR 3.40 (95% CI: 1.13-10.18)] and cytomegalovirus infection [OR 2.34 (95% CI: 1.06-5.15)] were associated with EC. CONCLUSION: The data indicates that the odds of having all clinical forms of OC are higher in HIV-infected adults not receiving HAART.