Impacts of bycatch from beach seining: a case study of a shrimp fishery in Brazil.

It is commonly assumed that beach seining (BS) is more sustainable than bottom trawling because it involves non-motorized operations and limited fishing power. However, no scientific evidence supports this assumption. To address this gap, we evaluated the impact of beach seining, taking a small-scale shrimp fishery in northeast Brazil. Data collected monthly from December 2016 to November 2017 and in literature, were assessed (BS 31,001 individuals, 119 species, 37 families, and 19 orders; BT 6,031 individuals, 58 species, 20 families, and 14 orders). Beach seining demonstrated a lower proportion of bycatch (BS 1:2.3; BT 1:3.2), higher total shrimp catch (BS 87.2 t; BT 65 t), and greater species diversity than bottom trawling catches (BS 119; BT 58). Other aspects were closer associated with bottom trawling, such as the composition of dominant families (Sciaenidae and Pristigasteridae), the proportion of rare species (BS 30%; BT 24%) juveniles (BS 11g; BT 13g), the risk of species extinction, and the composition of ecological guilds. Despite their social significance, both fishing gears showed similar ecological indicators and adverse effects. The findings establish that the ecological concerns related to the impact of bottom trawling are also applicable to beach seine.

Community-scale relationships between body shape and trophic ecology in tropical demersal marine fish of northeast Brazil.

Functional morphology investigates the relationships between morphological characters and external factors, such as environmental, physical and ecological features. Here, we evaluate the functional relationships between body shape and trophic ecology of a tropical demersal marine fish community using geometric morphometrics techniques and modelling, hypothesizing that shape variables could partially explain fish trophic level. Fish were collected over the continental shelf of northeast Brazil (4-9°S). Analysed fish were distributed into 14 orders, 34 families and 72 species. Each individual was photographed in lateral view, and 18 landmarks were distributed along the body. A principal component analysis (PCA) applied on morphometric indices revealed that fish body elongation and fin base shape were the main axes of variation explaining the morphology. Low trophic levels (herbivore and omnivore) are characterized by deep bodies and longer dorsal and anal fin bases, while predators present elongated bodies and narrow fin bases. Fin position (dorsal and anal fins) on the fish body is another important factor contributing to (i) body stability at high velocity (top predators) or (ii) manoeuvrability (low trophic levels). Using multiple linear regression, we verified that 46% of trophic level variability could be explained by morphometric variables, with trophic level increasing with body elongation and size. Interestingly, intermediate trophic categories (e.g., low predators) presented morphological divergence for a given trophic level. Our results, which can likely be expanded to other tropical and nontropical systems, show that morphometric approaches can provide important insights into fish functional characteristics, especially in trophic ecology.

New records of rare deep-sea fishes (Teleostei) collected from off north-eastern Brazil, including seamounts and islands of the Fernando de Noronha Ridge.

Here we report on new data on the occurrence and distribution of rare deep-sea fishes (Teleostei) collected from off north-eastern Brazil, including seamounts and oceanic islands of the Fernando de Noronha Ridge (Rocas Atoll and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago). Collections were made by the French RV Antea during the ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) expeditions between 29 September and 21 October 2015, and 9 April and 10 May 2017. Occurrences of Photostylus pycnopterus (Alepocephalidae), Gigantura chuni (Giganturidae), Ahliesaurus berryi (Notosudidae), Benthalbella infans, Rosenblattichthys hubbsi, Scopelarchoides danae (Scopelarchidae), Scopelengys tristis (Neoscopelidae), Zu cristatus (Trachipteridae), Stylephorus chordatus (Stylephoridae) and Pseudoscopelus cordilluminatus (Chiasmodontidae) are reported for the first time or confirmed in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. Photostylus pycnopterus and G. chuni are also recorded for the first time in the western South Atlantic, whereas records of P. cordilluminatus are the first in the western Atlantic. Other records of rare species of those families are also reported and discussed.

Trophic ecology and resource partitioning of Haemulidae species along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf

In the Southeastern Tropical Atlantic, Haemulidae family play an important role both environmentally, acting as a link between lower and higher trophic levels, and socioeconomically, being widely caught by artisanal fleets. This study aimed to describe the trophic ecology of three grunt species (Haemulon aurolineatum, H. plumierii and H. squamipinna) considering spatial, temporal and ontogenetic aspects, integrating stomach content and stable isotopes analysis. Sampling occurred in 26 stations along the Northeast of Brazil (04°­ 09°S), in August 2015 and April 2017, using bottom trawling net. There was greater feeding intensity at night, at latitudes below 08°S and in the inner continental shelf. Higher values of δ¹5N were reported for H. aurolineatum and H. plumierii collected near coastline. The isotopic niche breadth indicated that H. aurolineatum has a narrower diet thanH. plumierii. For the three species, the trophic level ranged between three and four. Considering stomach content and isotopic niche, diet was similar comparing species. This trophic ecology pattern reveals a likewise use of the habitat, which may be essential for identifying priority areas for conservation on an ecosystem basis, especially in rich reef zones that are subject to several increasing pressures, such as those in Northeast Brazil.

No Atlântico Tropical Sudeste, peixes da família Haemulidae desempenham um papel importante tanto ambientalmente, atuando como um elo entre os níveis tróficos mais baixos e mais altos, quanto socioeconomicamente, sendo amplamente capturados pelas frotas artesanais. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a ecologia trófica de três espécies de roncadores (Haemulon aurolineatum, H. plumierii e H. squamipinna) considerando aspectos espaciais, temporais e ontogenéticos integrando conteúdo estomacal e análise de isótopos estáveis. A amostragem ocorreu em 26 estações ao longo do Nordeste do Brasil (04°­ 09°S), em agosto de 2015 e abril de 2017, utilizando rede de arrasto de fundo. Houve maior intensidade de alimentação à noite, em latitudes abaixo de 08°S e na plataforma continental interna. Valores mais altos de δ¹5N foram reportados para H. aurolineatum e H. plumierii coletados perto da linha costeira. A amplitude do nicho isotópico indicou que o H. aurolineatum tem uma dieta mais estreita do que o H. plumierii. Para as três espécies, o nível trófico variou entre três e quatro. Considerando o conteúdo estomacal e o nicho isotópico, a dieta foi semelhante comparando as espécies. Este padrão de ecologia trófica mostra um uso semelhante do habitat, que pode ser essencial para identificar áreas prioritárias para conservação em uma base ecossistêmica, especialmente em zonas ricas de recifes que estão sob várias pressões crescentes, como as do Nordeste do Brasil.

Anthropogenic influences on sedimentary geochemistry of Itapessoca Estuarine Complex, Pernambuco, Brazil.

The Itapessoca Estuarine Complex is characterized by a history of intense economic activities developed on the banks of its tributary rivers, often exercised without any control or planning. In order to relate natural and/or anthropic events to the sediment age, radiometric dating method was performed by determining excess 210Pb in the sediment using the proportional gas flow technique. To investigate possible disturbances in recent sedimentation processes in studied area, 20 surfaces sediment samples and 2 sediment cores were collected for determination of concentrations of the chemical elements. Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr, Ti and Zn concentrations were determined by the energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. Through the enrichment factors and ratios among some elements associated with geochronological data, it was possible identify geochemical changes in sedimentation of sampled points, with increase of minerals associated with fine fractions and decrease of the proportions of elements associated with coarse fractions. The radiometric dating reveals that Pb enrichment and the exacerbated increase of Ca and Sr enrichment factors are strongly related to the anthropic activity in the region.

Trophic structure of a nektobenthic community exploited by a multispecific bottom trawling fishery in Northeastern Brazil.

We used complementary stable isotope (SIA) and stomach content (SCA) analyses to investigate feeding relationships among species of the nektobenthic communities and the potential ecological effects of the bottom trawling of a coastal ecosystem in northeastern Brazil. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) compositions were determined for five basal sources and 28 consumers, from zooplankton to shrimp and fish species. Fishes and basal sources showed a broad range of δ15N (fishes: 6.49-14.94‰; sources: 2.58-6.79‰) and δ13C values (fishes: -23.86 to -13.71‰; sources: -24.32 to -13.53‰), while shrimps and crabs exhibited similar nitrogen and carbon ratios. Six trophic consumer groups were determined among zooplankton, crustaceans and fishes by SIA, with trophic pathways associated mostly with benthic sources. SCA results indicated a preference for benthic invertebrates, mainly worms, crabs and shrimps, as prey for the fish fauna, highlighting their importance in the food web. In overall, differences between SCA and the SIA approaches were observed, except for groups composed mainly for shrimps and some species of high δ15N values, mostly piscivorous and zoobenthivores. Given the absence of regulation for bottom trawling activities in the area, the cumulative effects of trawling on population parameters, species composition, potentially decreasing the abundance of benthic preys (e.g., shrimps, worms and crabs) may lead to changes in the trophic structure potentially affect the food web and the sustainability of the fishery.

Deep-sea anglerfishes (Lophiiformes: Ceratioidei) from off northeastern Brazil, with remarks on the ceratioids reported from the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone

The deep-sea anglerfishes of the suborder Ceratioidei (Lophiiformes) are represented by about 170 valid species with some of the most extraordinary morphological and reproductive adaptations among vertebrates, including extreme sexual dimorphism and male parasitism. Here we report on the diversity and distribution of rare ceratioids collected during the ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) expeditions off northeastern Brazil and the Fernando de Noronha Ridge (Rocas Atoll, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, and associated seamounts). Chaenophryne ramifera, Oneirodes anisacanthus, O. carlsbergi, Gigantactis watermani, and unidentified specimens of Caulophryne, Dolopichthys, and Rhynchactis are recorded for the first time in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. Ceratias uranoscopus, Melanocetus johnsonii, and Chaenophryne draco have their distributions extended in Brazilian waters. Caulophryne, O. anisacanthus, and G. watermani are also recorded for the first time in the western South Atlantic. The specimen of G. watermani reported here represents the third known specimen of the species, and variations of its escal anatomy in relation to the holotype are described. Based on specimens examined and a review of records in the literature, 20 species of the Ceratioidei, in addition to unidentified species of Caulophryne, Dolopichthys, and Rhynchactis, are confirmed in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone.(AU)

Os peixes-pescadores de profundidade da subordem Ceratioidei (Lophiiformes) são representados por cerca de 170 espécies válidas que apresentam algumas das adaptações anatômicas e reprodutivas mais extraordinárias entre os vertebrados, incluindo extremo dimorfismo sexual e parasitismo masculino. No presente estudo reportamos sobre a diversidade e distribuição de espécies raras de Ceratioidei coletadas durante as expedições ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) realizadas ao largo do nordeste do Brasil e na Cadeia de Fernando de Noronha (Atol das Rocas, Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha e montes submarinos associados). Chaenophryne ramifera, Oneirodes anisacanthus, O. carlsbergi, Gigantactis watermani e espécimes não identificados de Caulophryne, Dolopichthys e Rhynchactis são registrados pela primeira vez na Zona Econômica Exclusiva brasileira. Ceratias uranoscopus, Melanocetus johnsonii e Chaenophryne draco tiveram suas distribuições estendidas em águas brasileiras. Caulophryne, O. anisacanthus e G. watermani também são registrados pela primeira vez no Atlântico Sul ocidental. O espécime de G. watermani reportado aqui representa o terceiro espécime conhecido da espécie, e variações anatômicas de sua esca em relação à do holótipo são descritas. Com base nos espécimes examinados e na revisão de registros na literatura, 20 espécies de Ceratioidei, além de espécies não identificadas de Caulophryne, Dolopichthys, and Rhynchactis, são confirmadas na Zona Econômica Exclusiva brasileira.(AU)

Deep-sea anglerfishes (Lophiiformes: Ceratioidei) from off northeastern Brazil, with remarks on the ceratioids reported from the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone

The deep-sea anglerfishes of the suborder Ceratioidei (Lophiiformes) are represented by about 170 valid species with some of the most extraordinary morphological and reproductive adaptations among vertebrates, including extreme sexual dimorphism and male parasitism. Here we report on the diversity and distribution of rare ceratioids collected during the ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) expeditions off northeastern Brazil and the Fernando de Noronha Ridge (Rocas Atoll, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, and associated seamounts). Chaenophryne ramifera, Oneirodes anisacanthus, O. carlsbergi, Gigantactis watermani, and unidentified specimens of Caulophryne, Dolopichthys, and Rhynchactis are recorded for the first time in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. Ceratias uranoscopus, Melanocetus johnsonii, and Chaenophryne draco have their distributions extended in Brazilian waters. Caulophryne, O. anisacanthus, and G. watermani are also recorded for the first time in the western South Atlantic. The specimen of G. watermani reported here represents the third known specimen of the species, and variations of its escal anatomy in relation to the holotype are described. Based on specimens examined and a review of records in the literature, 20 species of the Ceratioidei, in addition to unidentified species of Caulophryne, Dolopichthys, and Rhynchactis, are confirmed in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone.(AU)

Os peixes-pescadores de profundidade da subordem Ceratioidei (Lophiiformes) são representados por cerca de 170 espécies válidas que apresentam algumas das adaptações anatômicas e reprodutivas mais extraordinárias entre os vertebrados, incluindo extremo dimorfismo sexual e parasitismo masculino. No presente estudo reportamos sobre a diversidade e distribuição de espécies raras de Ceratioidei coletadas durante as expedições ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) realizadas ao largo do nordeste do Brasil e na Cadeia de Fernando de Noronha (Atol das Rocas, Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha e montes submarinos associados). Chaenophryne ramifera, Oneirodes anisacanthus, O. carlsbergi, Gigantactis watermani e espécimes não identificados de Caulophryne, Dolopichthys e Rhynchactis são registrados pela primeira vez na Zona Econômica Exclusiva brasileira. Ceratias uranoscopus, Melanocetus johnsonii e Chaenophryne draco tiveram suas distribuições estendidas em águas brasileiras. Caulophryne, O. anisacanthus e G. watermani também são registrados pela primeira vez no Atlântico Sul ocidental. O espécime de G. watermani reportado aqui representa o terceiro espécime conhecido da espécie, e variações anatômicas de sua esca em relação à do holótipo são descritas. Com base nos espécimes examinados e na revisão de registros na literatura, 20 espécies de Ceratioidei, além de espécies não identificadas de Caulophryne, Dolopichthys, and Rhynchactis, são confirmadas na Zona Econômica Exclusiva brasileira.(AU)

Trophic ecology, habitat, and migratory behaviour of the viperfish Chauliodus sloani reveal a key mesopelagic player.

Mesopelagic fishes are numerically the most important vertebrate group of all world's oceans. While these species are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, basic biological knowledge is still lacking. For instance, major uncertainties remain on the behaviour, ecology, and thus functional roles of mesopelagic micronektivores, particularly regarding their interactions with physicochemical features. Here, we examine the trophic ecology, habitat, and migratory behaviour of the viperfish (Chauliodus sloani)-a poorly known and abundant deep-sea species-to further understand the ecology and thus functional role of mesopelagic micronektivores. Moreover, we explore how physical drivers may affect these features and how these relationships are likely to change over large oceanic areas. The viperfish heavily preys on epipelagic migrant species, especially myctophids, and presents spatial and trophic ontogenetic shifts. Temperature restricts its vertical distribution. Therefore, its trophodynamics, migratory behaviour, and functional roles are expected to be modulated by the latitudinal change in temperature. For instance, in most tropical regions the viperfish stay full-time feeding, excreting, and serving as prey (e.g. for bathypelagic predators) at deep layers. On the contrary, in temperate regions, the viperfish ascend to superficial waters where they trophically interact with epipelagic predators and may release carbon where its remineralization is the greatest.

Diversity of settlement-stage reef fishes captured by light-trap in a tropical south-west Atlantic Ocean coastal reef system.

This study reports the results of 5 years of monitoring reef fish post-larvae using light traps in the Bay of Tamandaré, north-east Brazil. An annotated checklist of pre-settlement fish species, their frequency of occurrence and taxonomic characteristics are provided. In total, 4,422 post-larval fishes belonging to 36 families, 56 genera and 76 species were captured. The most species-rich families were Carangidae (7), Lutjanidae (6) and Pomacentridae (4), while the families Gerreidae (30.47%), Holocentridae (16.54%), Blenniidae (12.01%), Labrisomidae (8.36%), Lutjanidae (8.29%) and Acanthuridae (5.95%) were the most abundant. This is the first study of the taxonomic diversity and assemblage structure of settlement-stage reef fishes in the tropical south-west Atlantic Ocean. Although a few common species were not captured due to selectivity of light traps, the composition and taxonomic diversity of this first collection suggests that light traps are useful for studies of the early life history of a wide range of pre-settlement reef fishes.

Ichthyofauna bycatch of the artisanal fishery of penaeid shrimps in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil / Ictiofauna acompanhante da pesca artesanal de camarões peneídeos no estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil

The shrimp trawl fisheries are highly efficient in capturing target species but is an unselective gear that commonly catches untargeted organisms, which are usually discarded due to their small size or no commercial value. To understand and, eventually, mitigate the impacts of trawling on bycatch species, the whole capture should be addressed. The present study has the objective of determining the seasonal importance of the fish bycatch within shrimp trawling fishery in south Pernambuco, Sirinhaém. It also quantifies the importance of each fish caught within this fishery. Samples were collected monthly, between August 2011 and July 2012. Fish bycatch was described as % in number (%N) and weight (%W), while the seasonal abundance of the shrimp and fish bycatch was assessed based on the monthly catch rate given as the Capture Per Unit of Area (CPUA) in weight (CPUAb) and in number of individuals (CPUAn). Considering the fish bycatch, a total of 608 kg of organisms were sampled: 9,723 fish specimens from 17 families, 38 genera and 51 species. The largest CPUAb value of bycatch was observed in the months of June (488 kg.km-2), February (285 kg.km-2) and April (276 kg.km-2). The proportion target species: bycatch in weight was of 1:0.39. A clear annual cyclic pattern of the species composition of the bycatch based both CPUAn and CPUEb could be observed, following the rainfall patterns, possibly related to a higher productivity associated to river runoffs. Impacts on bycatch have been extensively reported in Brazil and around the world, with most of this bycatch being a relevant additional food source for the local community. However, basic information on bycatch from small-scale fisheries is still missing in many areas, making it difficult to identify and evaluate the management recommendations needed to sustain the resources and ecosystems.(AU)

A pesca de arrasto de camarão é eficiente na captura da espécie alvo, porém, por ser uma artede baixa seletividade, captura organismos que não são alvo da pescaria, os quais geralmentesão descartados devido ao tamanho pequeno ou por não ter valor comercial. Diante disso, opresente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os peixes capturados como fauna acompanhante napescaria de arrasto de camarão em Sirinhaém, litoral sul de Pernambuco. As amostras foramcoletadas mensalmente, entre agosto de 2011 e julho de 2012. A ictiofauna acompanhante foidescrita em % em número (%N) e peso (%W), enquanto a abundância sazonal do camarão e dafauna acompanhante foram quantificadas como Captura por unidade de área (CPUA) em peso(CPUAb) e número de indivíduos (CPUAn). Considerando a ictiofauna acompanhante, um totalde 608 Kg foi capturado: 9.723 espécimes de peixes, pertencentes a 17 famílias, 38 gêneros e51 espécies. Os maiores valores da CPUAb da fauna acompanhante foram observados nos mesesde junho (488 kg.km-2), fevereiro (285 kg.km-2) e abril (276 kg.km-2). A proporção camarão:faunaacompanhante em peso foi 1:0,39, 72% de camarão (439 kg) para 28% de peixes (171 kg).Um claro padrão anual cíclico na composição de espécies das capturas acessórias baseadotanto em CPUAn como em CPUEb pôde ser observado, seguindo os padrões de precipitação,possivelmente relacionado a uma maior produtividade associada aos escoamentos fluviais.Impactos na fauna acompanhante têm sido reportado no Brasil e em todo o mundo, com a maiorparte do bycatch sendo uma importante fonte adicional de alimento para as comunidades locais.Entretanto, informações básicas sobre o bycatch oriundo da pesca de pequena escala ainda sãodesconhecidas em muitas áreas, dificultando a identificação e avaliação do tipo de gerenciamentonecessário para sustentar os recursos e ecossistemas.(AU)

Ichthyofauna bycatch of the artisanal fishery of penaeid shrimps in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil / Ictiofauna acompanhante da pesca artesanal de camarões peneídeos no estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil

The shrimp trawl fisheries are highly efficient in capturing target species but is an unselective gear that commonly catches untargeted organisms, which are usually discarded due to their small size or no commercial value. To understand and, eventually, mitigate the impacts of trawling on bycatch species, the whole capture should be addressed. The present study has the objective of determining the seasonal importance of the fish bycatch within shrimp trawling fishery in south Pernambuco, Sirinhaém. It also quantifies the importance of each fish caught within this fishery. Samples were collected monthly, between August 2011 and July 2012. Fish bycatch was described as % in number (%N) and weight (%W), while the seasonal abundance of the shrimp and fish bycatch was assessed based on the monthly catch rate given as the Capture Per Unit of Area (CPUA) in weight (CPUAb) and in number of individuals (CPUAn). Considering the fish bycatch, a total of 608 kg of organisms were sampled: 9,723 fish specimens from 17 families, 38 genera and 51 species. The largest CPUAb value of bycatch was observed in the months of June (488 kg.km-2), February (285 kg.km-2) and April (276 kg.km-2). The proportion target species: bycatch in weight was of 1:0.39. A clear annual cyclic pattern of the species composition of the bycatch based both CPUAn and CPUEb could be observed, following the rainfall patterns, possibly related to a higher productivity associated to river runoffs. Impacts on bycatch have been extensively reported in Brazil and around the world, with most of this bycatch being a relevant additional food source for the local community. However, basic information on bycatch from small-scale fisheries is still missing in many areas, making it difficult to identify and evaluate the management recommendations needed to sustain the resources and ecosystems.

A pesca de arrasto de camarão é eficiente na captura da espécie alvo, porém, por ser uma artede baixa seletividade, captura organismos que não são alvo da pescaria, os quais geralmentesão descartados devido ao tamanho pequeno ou por não ter valor comercial. Diante disso, opresente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os peixes capturados como fauna acompanhante napescaria de arrasto de camarão em Sirinhaém, litoral sul de Pernambuco. As amostras foramcoletadas mensalmente, entre agosto de 2011 e julho de 2012. A ictiofauna acompanhante foidescrita em % em número (%N) e peso (%W), enquanto a abundância sazonal do camarão e dafauna acompanhante foram quantificadas como Captura por unidade de área (CPUA) em peso(CPUAb) e número de indivíduos (CPUAn). Considerando a ictiofauna acompanhante, um totalde 608 Kg foi capturado: 9.723 espécimes de peixes, pertencentes a 17 famílias, 38 gêneros e51 espécies. Os maiores valores da CPUAb da fauna acompanhante foram observados nos mesesde junho (488 kg.km-2), fevereiro (285 kg.km-2) e abril (276 kg.km-2). A proporção camarão:faunaacompanhante em peso foi 1:0,39, 72% de camarão (439 kg) para 28% de peixes (171 kg).Um claro padrão anual cíclico na composição de espécies das capturas acessórias baseadotanto em CPUAn como em CPUEb pôde ser observado, seguindo os padrões de precipitação,possivelmente relacionado a uma maior produtividade associada aos escoamentos fluviais.Impactos na fauna acompanhante têm sido reportado no Brasil e em todo o mundo, com a maiorparte do bycatch sendo uma importante fonte adicional de alimento para as comunidades locais.Entretanto, informações básicas sobre o bycatch oriundo da pesca de pequena escala ainda sãodesconhecidas em muitas áreas, dificultando a identificação e avaliação do tipo de gerenciamentonecessário para sustentar os recursos e ecossistemas.

First record of the intermediate scabbardfish Aphanopus intermedius (Scombriformes: Trichiuridae) in the western South Atlantic Ocean.

This study reports on the first record of the intermediate scabbardfish Aphanopus intermedius in the western South Atlantic Ocean, based on a single specimen 725 mm standard length collected between 0 and 610 m depth around Rocas Atoll off north-eastern Brazil. Measurements and counts are provided and compared with those available in the literature.

Population structure and reproductive biology of Haemulopsis corvinaeformis (Perciformes, Haemulidae) in the south coast of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil

Roughneck Grunt (Haemulopsis corvinaeformis Steindachner, 1868) is the second most important species caught as bycatch of the shrimp fishery in Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. However, the population dynamic of this species is poorly known in the region. The aim of this study was to describe aspects of the population structure and reproductive biology of the H. corvinaeformis, providing important information for the development of sustainable management practices. Specimens were collected monthly from August 2011 to July 2012 and quarterly from October 2012 to June 2014. A total of 1,140 individuals was collected; 340 males (29.8%), 391 females (34.3%), and 409 were immature and could not be sexed (35.9%). Total length ranged from 7 to 25 cm. In general, total length of females [12.85 ± 2.49 cm (mean± SD)] and males [12.72 ± 2.46 cm (mean ± SD)] were similar (p > 0.05). The proportion of males and females was similar along the year, except in March. The relationship between total length and total weight was statistically significant (p 0.05), showing an isometric growth. The (GSI) coupled with the distribution of maturational stages suggests that females reproduce all year around, with a peak during October-November. The length at first maturity (L50) was estimated at 11.88 cm for females and 11 cm for males.(AU)

O coró branco (Haemulopsis corvinaeformis Steindachner, 1868) é a segunda espécie mais importante capturada como fauna acompanhante na pesca de camarão em Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil. No entanto, a dinâmica populacional é pouco conhecida na região. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever aspectos da estrutura populacional e biologia reprodutiva da espécie, fornecendo informações importantes para o desenvolvimento de práticas de manejo sustentáveis. Espécimes foram coletados mensalmente de agosto de 2011 a julho de 2012, e a cada três meses de outubro de 2012 a junho de 2014. Um total de 1.140 espécimes foi coletado; 340 machos (29,8%), 391 fêmeas (34,3%), e 409 imaturos cujo sexo não pode ser identificado (35,9%). O comprimento total variou entre 7 e 25 cm. De maneira geral, o comprimento total das fêmeas [12,85 ± 2,49 cm (média ± DP)] e machos [12,72 ± 2,46 cm (média ± DP)] foram similares (p > 0.05). A proporção de machos e fêmeas foi similar, com exceção de março. As relações entre comprimento total e peso total foram estatisticamente significantes (p 0.05), mostrando um crescimento isométrico. O índice gonadossomático (GSI) associado com a distribuição dos estágios maturacionais sugerem que as fêmeas reproduzem durante todo o ano, com um pico durante outubro-novembro. O tamanho de primeira maturação foi estimado em 11.88 cm para fêmeas e 11 cm para machos.(AU)

Population structure and reproductive biology of Haemulopsis corvinaeformis (Perciformes, Haemulidae) in the south coast of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil

Roughneck Grunt (Haemulopsis corvinaeformis Steindachner, 1868) is the second most important species caught as bycatch of the shrimp fishery in Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. However, the population dynamic of this species is poorly known in the region. The aim of this study was to describe aspects of the population structure and reproductive biology of the H. corvinaeformis, providing important information for the development of sustainable management practices. Specimens were collected monthly from August 2011 to July 2012 and quarterly from October 2012 to June 2014. A total of 1,140 individuals was collected; 340 males (29.8%), 391 females (34.3%), and 409 were immature and could not be sexed (35.9%). Total length ranged from 7 to 25 cm. In general, total length of females [12.85 ± 2.49 cm (mean± SD)] and males [12.72 ± 2.46 cm (mean ± SD)] were similar (p > 0.05). The proportion of males and females was similar along the year, except in March. The relationship between total length and total weight was statistically significant (p 0.05), showing an isometric growth. The (GSI) coupled with the distribution of maturational stages suggests that females reproduce all year around, with a peak during October-November. The length at first maturity (L50) was estimated at 11.88 cm for females and 11 cm for males.

O coró branco (Haemulopsis corvinaeformis Steindachner, 1868) é a segunda espécie mais importante capturada como fauna acompanhante na pesca de camarão em Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil. No entanto, a dinâmica populacional é pouco conhecida na região. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever aspectos da estrutura populacional e biologia reprodutiva da espécie, fornecendo informações importantes para o desenvolvimento de práticas de manejo sustentáveis. Espécimes foram coletados mensalmente de agosto de 2011 a julho de 2012, e a cada três meses de outubro de 2012 a junho de 2014. Um total de 1.140 espécimes foi coletado; 340 machos (29,8%), 391 fêmeas (34,3%), e 409 imaturos cujo sexo não pode ser identificado (35,9%). O comprimento total variou entre 7 e 25 cm. De maneira geral, o comprimento total das fêmeas [12,85 ± 2,49 cm (média ± DP)] e machos [12,72 ± 2,46 cm (média ± DP)] foram similares (p > 0.05). A proporção de machos e fêmeas foi similar, com exceção de março. As relações entre comprimento total e peso total foram estatisticamente significantes (p 0.05), mostrando um crescimento isométrico. O índice gonadossomático (GSI) associado com a distribuição dos estágios maturacionais sugerem que as fêmeas reproduzem durante todo o ano, com um pico durante outubro-novembro. O tamanho de primeira maturação foi estimado em 11.88 cm para fêmeas e 11 cm para machos.

Population structure and reproductive biology of Haemulopsis corvinaeformis (Perciformes, Haemulidae) in the south coast of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT: Roughneck Grunt (Haemulopsis corvinaeformis Steindachner, 1868) is the second most important species caught as bycatch of the shrimp fishery in Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. However, the population dynamic of this species is poorly known in the region. The aim of this study was to describe aspects of the population structure and reproductive biology of the H. corvinaeformis, providing important information for the development of sustainable management practices. Specimens were collected monthly from August 2011 to July 2012 and quarterly from October 2012 to June 2014. A total of 1,140 individuals was collected; 340 males (29.8%), 391 females (34.3%), and 409 were immature and could not be sexed (35.9%). Total length ranged from 7 to 25 cm. In general, total length of females [12.85 ± 2.49 cm (mean± SD)] and males [12.72 ± 2.46 cm (mean ± SD)] were similar (p > 0.05). The proportion of males and females was similar along the year, except in March. The relationship between total length and total weight was statistically significant (p 0.05), showing an isometric growth. The (GSI) coupled with the distribution of maturational stages suggests that females reproduce all year around, with a peak during October-November. The length at first maturity (L50) was estimated at 11.88 cm for females and 11 cm for males.

RESUMO: O coró branco (Haemulopsis corvinaeformis Steindachner, 1868) é a segunda espécie mais importante capturada como fauna acompanhante na pesca de camarão em Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil. No entanto, a dinâmica populacional é pouco conhecida na região. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever aspectos da estrutura populacional e biologia reprodutiva da espécie, fornecendo informações importantes para o desenvolvimento de práticas de manejo sustentáveis. Espécimes foram coletados mensalmente de agosto de 2011 a julho de 2012, e a cada três meses de outubro de 2012 a junho de 2014. Um total de 1.140 espécimes foi coletado; 340 machos (29,8%), 391 fêmeas (34,3%), e 409 imaturos cujo sexo não pode ser identificado (35,9%). O comprimento total variou entre 7 e 25 cm. De maneira geral, o comprimento total das fêmeas [12,85 ± 2,49 cm (média ± DP)] e machos [12,72 ± 2,46 cm (média ± DP)] foram similares (p > 0.05). A proporção de machos e fêmeas foi similar, com exceção de março. As relações entre comprimento total e peso total foram estatisticamente significantes (p 0.05), mostrando um crescimento isométrico. O índice gonadossomático (GSI) associado com a distribuição dos estágios maturacionais sugerem que as fêmeas reproduzem durante todo o ano, com um pico durante outubro-novembro. O tamanho de primeira maturação foi estimado em 11.88 cm para fêmeas e 11 cm para machos.

Spatial and seasonal variation of the ichthyofauna and habitat use in the inner portion of the Brazilian Amazon estuary / Variação espacial e sazonal da ictiofauna e uso do habitat na porção interna do estuário brasileiro amazônico

It was analyzed the diversity of the ichthyofauna in the inner portion of the Amazon Estuary, its spatial and temporal distribution and abundance considering the salinity gradient and the importance of the area as reproduction and nursery grounds. Data was obtained in Guajará and Marajó Bays, and the Guamá River. Specimens were captured in the main channel (gillnets and trawl nets) and tidal creeks (block nets) between 2004 and 2011 during the dry (July-December) and rainy seasons (January-June). A total of 41,516 specimens of 136 taxa were observed. Differential fish composition, abundance and use of the zones as nursery and breeding area were observed, driven mainly by the salinity. The main river channel of Marajó Bay returned the highest values of abundance, especially during the dry season. The tidal creeks were used more frequently as reproduction area than the main river channels. Small-sized fishes predominated in all zones. Total species richness (S), diversity and abundance (main river channel) was highest in Marajó Bay and lowest in Guamá River (richness) and Guajará Bay (Margalefs D and Shannons H). The most species, especially in Guajará and Marajó Bays, were occasional and accessory, characterizing the study area as a transitional zone, with the presence of freshwater, estuarine and marine species in all stages of the life history. The systematic monitoring of the area should be given the highest priority, considering the importance of this area in terms of biodiversity and as a source of income and subsistence for local populations.(AU)

Foi analisada a diversidade da ictiofauna na parte interna do Estuário Amazônico, sua distribuição espacial e temporal e abundância considerando o gradiente de salinidade e a importância da zona para reprodução e berçário. Os dados foram obtidos nas baías de Guajará e Marajó e no rio Guamá. Os espécimes foram capturados no canal principal (redes de emalhar e redes de arrasto) e canais de maré (redes de tapagem) entre 2004 e 2011 durante a estação seca (julho-dezembro) e estação chuvosa (janeiro-junho). Um total de 41.516 espécimes e 136 táxons foi observado. Diferenças na composição dos peixes, abundância, uso da zona para berçário e criação, impulsionada, principalmente, pela salinidade, foram observadas. O canal principal da baía de Marajó resultou nos maiores valores de abundância, especialmente durante a estação seca. O canal de maré foi usado mais frequentemente como área de reprodução do que os canais principais. Peixes de pequeno porte predominaram em todas as zonas. A riqueza de espécies (S), diversidade e abundância (canal principal) foi maior na baía de Marajó e menor no rio Guamá (riqueza) e Guajará (Margalefs D e Shannons H). A maioria das espécies, especialmente nas baías de Guajará e Marajó, foi ocasional e acessória, caracterizando a área de estudo como zona de transição, com a presença de espécies de água doce, estuarinas e marinhas em todas as fases do ciclo de vida. O acompanhamento sistemático da área deve ser da mais alta prioridade, considerando a importância desta área em termos de biodiversidade e fonte de renda e subsistência para as populações locais.(AU)

Spatial and seasonal variation of the ichthyofauna and habitat use in the inner portion of the Brazilian Amazon estuary / Variação espacial e sazonal da ictiofauna e uso do habitat na porção interna do estuário brasileiro amazônico

It was analyzed the diversity of the ichthyofauna in the inner portion of the Amazon Estuary, its spatial and temporal distribution and abundance considering the salinity gradient and the importance of the area as reproduction and nursery grounds. Data was obtained in Guajará and Marajó Bays, and the Guamá River. Specimens were captured in the main channel (gillnets and trawl nets) and tidal creeks (block nets) between 2004 and 2011 during the dry (July-December) and rainy seasons (January-June). A total of 41,516 specimens of 136 taxa were observed. Differential fish composition, abundance and use of the zones as nursery and breeding area were observed, driven mainly by the salinity. The main river channel of Marajó Bay returned the highest values of abundance, especially during the dry season. The tidal creeks were used more frequently as reproduction area than the main river channels. Small-sized fishes predominated in all zones. Total species richness (S), diversity and abundance (main river channel) was highest in Marajó Bay and lowest in Guamá River (richness) and Guajará Bay (Margalefs D and Shannons H). The most species, especially in Guajará and Marajó Bays, were occasional and accessory, characterizing the study area as a transitional zone, with the presence of freshwater, estuarine and marine species in all stages of the life history. The systematic monitoring of the area should be given the highest priority, considering the importance of this area in terms of biodiversity and as a source of income and subsistence for local populations.

Foi analisada a diversidade da ictiofauna na parte interna do Estuário Amazônico, sua distribuição espacial e temporal e abundância considerando o gradiente de salinidade e a importância da zona para reprodução e berçário. Os dados foram obtidos nas baías de Guajará e Marajó e no rio Guamá. Os espécimes foram capturados no canal principal (redes de emalhar e redes de arrasto) e canais de maré (redes de tapagem) entre 2004 e 2011 durante a estação seca (julho-dezembro) e estação chuvosa (janeiro-junho). Um total de 41.516 espécimes e 136 táxons foi observado. Diferenças na composição dos peixes, abundância, uso da zona para berçário e criação, impulsionada, principalmente, pela salinidade, foram observadas. O canal principal da baía de Marajó resultou nos maiores valores de abundância, especialmente durante a estação seca. O canal de maré foi usado mais frequentemente como área de reprodução do que os canais principais. Peixes de pequeno porte predominaram em todas as zonas. A riqueza de espécies (S), diversidade e abundância (canal principal) foi maior na baía de Marajó e menor no rio Guamá (riqueza) e Guajará (Margalefs D e Shannons H). A maioria das espécies, especialmente nas baías de Guajará e Marajó, foi ocasional e acessória, caracterizando a área de estudo como zona de transição, com a presença de espécies de água doce, estuarinas e marinhas em todas as fases do ciclo de vida. O acompanhamento sistemático da área deve ser da mais alta prioridade, considerando a importância desta área em termos de biodiversidade e fonte de renda e subsistência para as populações locais.

Aspects of the reproductive biology and characterization of Sciaenidae captured as bycatch in the prawn trawling in the northeastern Brazil / Aspectos da biologia reprodutiva e caracterização de cianídeos capturados como fauna acompanhante da pesca de camarão no nordeste do Brasil

The Brazilian prawn fishery, as other bottom trawling fisheries, is considered quite efficient in catching the target species but with low selectivity and high rates of bycatch. The family Sciaenidae prevails among fish species caught. The study was conducted in the Pernambuco State (Barra de Sirihaém), northeastern Brazil. From August 2011 to July 2012, 3,278 sciaenid specimens were caught, distributed into 16 species, 34.2% males and 41.5% females. Larimus breviceps, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Paralonchurus brasiliensis and Stellifer microps were the most abundant species. The area was considered a recruitment and reproduction area with the highest reproductive activity between December 2011 and July 2012. The constant frequency of mature I. parvipinnis and S. microps in catches throughout the year suggests that these species are multiple spawners and use the area during their reproductive period. Since most individuals caught as bycatch have not reached sexual maturity, evidencing the need for a better monitoring of the area and the Sciaenidae caught as bycatch, once this incidental caught can cause fluctuations in the recruitment, increasing the proportion of immature individuals in the population and negatively affecting the reproductive success of the species.

As pescarias de arrasto são consideradas bastante eficientes na captura das espécies-alvo, porém apresentam baixa seletividade, capturando grande quantidade de fauna acompanhante. Entre as espécies capturadas, a família Sciaenidae é quase sempre dominante. A área de estudo está localizada no Estado de Pernambuco (Barra de Sirinhaém), região Nordeste do Brasil. Durante o período de agosto/11 a julho/12 foi capturado um total de 3.278 cianídeos, divididos entre 16 espécies, sendo 34,2% machos e 41,5% fêmeas. Larimus breviceps, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Paralonchurus brasiliensis e Stellifer microps foram as espécies mais abundantes. A área estudada foi considerada zona de recrutamento e reprodução, com os maiores índices de atividade reprodutiva entre os meses de dezembro/11 e julho/12. A constante captura de indivíduos maduros de I. parvipinnis e S. microps, durante todo o período de amostragem, sugere que estas espécies possuem desova múltipla e utilizam a área durante seu período reprodutivo. Devido a maioria dos indivíduos capturados como fauna acompanhante não terem alcançado sua maturidade sexual, é necessário melhor monitoramento da área estudada, assim como dos cianídeos capturados, uma vez que essa captura acidental pode causar flutuações nos processos de recrutamento, aumentando a proporção de imaturos, prejudicando, o processo reprodutivo das espécies.

Aspectos da biologia reprodutiva e caracterização de cianídeos capturados como fauna acompanhante da pesca de camarão no nordeste do Brasil / Aspects of the reproductive biology and characterization of Sciaenidae captured as bycatch in the prawn trawling in the northeastern Brazil

As pescarias de arrasto são consideradas bastante eficientes na captura das espécies-alvo, porém apresentam baixa seletividade, capturando grande quantidade de fauna acompanhante. Entre as espécies capturadas, a família Sciaenidae é quase sempre dominante. A área de estudo está localizada no Estado de Pernambuco (Barra de Sirinhaém), região Nordeste do Brasil. Durante o período de agosto/11 a julho/12 foi capturado um total de 3.278 cianídeos, divididos entre 16 espécies, sendo 34,2% machos e 41,5% fêmeas. Larimus breviceps, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Paralonchurus brasiliensis e Stellifer microps foram as espécies mais abundantes. A área estudada foi considerada zona de recrutamento e reprodução, com os maiores índices de atividade reprodutiva entre os meses de dezembro/11 e julho/12. A constante captura de indivíduos maduros de I. parvipinnis e S. microps, durante todo o período de amostragem, sugere que estas espécies possuem desova múltipla e utilizam a área durante seu período reprodutivo. Devido a maioria dos indivíduos capturados como fauna acompanhante não terem alcançado sua maturidade sexual, é necessário melhor monitoramento da área estudada, assim como dos cianídeos capturados, uma vez que essa captura acidental pode causar flutuações nos processos de recrutamento, aumentando a proporção de imaturos, prejudicando, o processo reprodutivo das espécies.(AU)

The Brazilian prawn fishery, as other bottom trawling fisheries, is considered quite efficient in catching the target species but with low selectivity and high rates of bycatch. The family Sciaenidae prevails among fish species caught. The study was conducted in the Pernambuco State (Barra de Sirihaém), northeastern Brazil. From August 2011 to July 2012, 3,278 sciaenid specimens were caught, distributed into 16 species, 34.2% males and 41.5% females.Larimus breviceps, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Paralonchurus brasiliensis andStellifer microps were the most abundant species. The area was considered a recruitment and reproduction area with the highest reproductive activity between December 2011 and July 2012. The constant frequency of mature I. parvipinnis and S. microps in catches throughout the year suggests that these species are multiple spawners and use the area during their reproductive period. Since most individuals caught as bycatch have not reached sexual maturity, evidencing the need for a better monitoring of the area and the Sciaenidae caught as bycatch, once this incidental caught can cause fluctuations in the recruitment, increasing the proportion of immature individuals in the population and negatively affecting the reproductive success of the species.(AU)