RESUMEN
Specific formulations are derived for the correlation between the heterozygosity of a randomly mating parent and its offspring for a diallelic locus, and for the correlation when multiple loci are considered. The expected correlation is maximal, approaching r = 0.50, when allelic frequencies are highly asymmetric, and it is zero when the allelic frequencies are equal to 0.50. Parent-offspring correlations, up to a maximum of 0.50 for diallelic loci, indicate that levels of heterozygosity can respond to selection. Multilocus allozyme data from limber pine, Pinus flexilis, and from horses of standardbred and thoroughbred breeds are used to demonstrate correlations between a parent and its offspring. The Spearman rank correlation between the heterozygosity of a limber pine and the mean heterozygosity of her offspring is r = 0.45. Correlations in the horses range from r = 0.16 to 0.32.
Asunto(s)
Heterocigoto , Caballos/genética , Árboles/genética , Animales , Enzimas/genética , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Masculino , Semillas , Árboles/enzimologíaRESUMEN
A longitudinal study of the development of hand preference in 152 adopted and 120 nonadopted (control) infants measured in natural behavioral situations at both 12 and 24 mo. of age is reported. Significant developmental trends were observed for both increasing strength and direction of handedness. Less than 10% of the infants exhibited a clear preference at 12 mo. of age, whereas about 30% were lateralized at 24 mo., with more boys than girls being left-handed. In contrast, over 90% of the parents of these children (both biological and adoptive parents of the adopted children and parents of the nonadopted children) were lateralized. Perhaps because so few infants were lateralized at either age, parent-offspring resemblances were inconsistent and the number of significant parent/child correlations was about that expected on the basis of chance alone.
Asunto(s)
Adopción , Desarrollo Infantil , Lateralidad Funcional/fisiología , Factores de Edad , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Destreza Motora , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Four cognitive factors were extracted from test data obtained on 997 families (3,268 individuals) in Hawaii. Factor loading profiles for the two largest ethnic groups (Caucasians and Japanese) are nearly identical, as are profiles for three different age groups. Age curves are presented for factor scores and for four specific cognitive tests. The younger respondents on the age curves are biological offspring of older respondents represented on the same curves, facilitating an unusual control for between-family variance. When the data were stratified by ethnicity, differential rates of cognitive development were indicated.