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Objective:To establish the quality evaluation method of Astmgali Radix based on three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. Methods:The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of Astmgali Radix extract was measured by fluorescence spectrum analysis technology, and the characteristics of fluorescence components of three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of Astmgali Radix were analyzed by parallel factor analysis. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of Astmgali Radix samples from 23 different places were measured for quality discriminant analysis. Results:After the optimization, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of 80% ethanol extract of Astmgali Radix showed that three groups of characteristic excitation/emission (λex/λem) peak, which located at 305 nm/420 nm (Peak 1), 280 nm/315 nm (Peak 2) and 265 nm/475 nm (Peak 3), respectively. The results of parallel factor analysis showed that Peak 1 and Peak 3 both contained one isoflavones fluorescent component, and Peak 2 contained two amino acid fluorescent components. There were differences in the number of characteristic peaks and fluorescence intensity of three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of Astmgali Radix samples from different origins. Conclusion:The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum could evaluate the consistency of Astmgali Radix from different places. The method is simple, fast, and efficient. This method is accurate, which could provide reference for the quality evaluation of Astmgali Radix.
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@#Objective To explore the effect of Naikan cognitive-music reminiscence therapy on coping style in female patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods In May, 2020, 72 female patients with chronic schizophrenia from Beijing Huilongguan Hospital were assigned into control group (n = 48) and music group (n = 24) after trait matching. Both groups accepted routine medicine, while the control group accepted Naikan cognitive therapy, and the music group accepted Naikan cognitive therapy combined music reminiscence, for twelve weeks. They were blind assessed with Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Self-rating Depression Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale before and after intervention.Results There were five cases in the control group removed for erroneous response. The main effects of group were not significant for all the assessments (F < 0.567, P > 0.05). The main effect of time was significant for negative coping style score (F = 6.968, P = 0.01), and the interaction effects were significant for positive coping style score and Self-rating Depression Scale score (F > 4.227, P < 0.05).Conclusion Combining with music reminiscence, Naikan cognitive therapy may be advantageous for the coping style of female patients with chronic schizophrenia.
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PURPOSE: To explore the differences in facial emotion recognition among patients with unipolar depression (UD), bipolar depression (BD), and normal controls. METHODS: Thirty patients with UD and 30 patients with BD, respectively, were recruited in Zhumadian Second People's Hospital from July 2018 to August 2019. Fifteen groups of facial expressions including happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust were identified. RESULTS: A single-factor ANOVA was used to analyze the facial expression recognition results of the three groups, and the differences were found in the happy-sad (P = 0.009), happy-angry (P = 0.001), happy-surprised (P = 0.034), and disgust-surprised (P = 0.038) facial expression groups. The independent sample T-test analysis showed that compared with the normal control group, there were differences in the happy-sad (P = 0.009) and happy-angry (P = 0.009) groups in patients with BD, and the accuracy of facial expression recognition was lower than the normal control group. Compared with patients with UD, there were differences between the happy-sad (P = 0.005) and happy-angry (P = 0.002) groups, and the identification accuracy of patients with UD was higher than that of patients with BD. The time of facial expression recognition in the normal control group was shorter than that in the patient group. Using happiness-sadness to distinguish unipolar and BDs, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.933, the specificity is 0.889, and the sensitivity is 0.667. Using happiness-anger to distinguish unipolar and BD, the AUC was 0.733, the specificity was 0.778, and the sensitivity was 0.600. CONCLUSION: Patients with UD had lower performance in recognizing negative expressions and had longer recognition times. Those with BD had lower accuracy in recognizing positive expressions and longer recognition times. Rapid facial expression recognition performance may be as a potential endophenotype for early identification of unipolar and BD.
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Objective: Considerable evidence has shown that facial expression recognition ability and cognitive function are impaired in patients with depression. We aimed to investigate the relationship between facial expression recognition and cognitive function in patients with depression. Methods: A total of 51 participants (i.e., 31 patients with depression and 20 healthy control subjects) underwent facial expression recognition tests, measuring anger, fear, disgust, sadness, happiness, and surprise. The Chinese version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), which assesses seven cognitive domains, was used. Results: When compared with a control group, there were differences in the recognition of the expressions of sadness (p = 0.036), happiness (p = 0.041), and disgust (p = 0.030) in a depression group. In terms of cognitive function, the scores of patients with depression in the Trail Making Test (TMT; p < 0.001), symbol coding (p < 0.001), spatial span (p < 0.001), mazes (p = 0.007), the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (BVMT; p = 0.001), category fluency (p = 0.029), and continuous performance test (p = 0.001) were lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The accuracy of sadness and disgust expression recognition in patients with depression was significantly positively correlated with cognitive function scores. The deficits in sadness expression recognition were significantly correlated with the TMT (p = 0.001, r = 0.561), symbol coding (p = 0.001, r = 0.596), maze (p = 0.015, r = 0.439), and the BVMT (p = 0.044, r = 0.370). The deficits in disgust expression recognition were significantly correlated with impairments in the TMT (p = 0.005, r = 0.501) and symbol coding (p = 0.001, r = 0.560). Conclusion: Since cognitive function is impaired in patients with depression, the ability to recognize negative facial expressions declines, which is mainly reflected in processing speed, reasoning, problem-solving, and memory.
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Objective:To investigate whether ginkgo biloba extract(EGb) can improve the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia(TD) by increasing the levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and to explore whether the BDNF Val66Met genotype can influence the efficacy of TD by EGb.Methods:A total of 78 male schizophrenia inpatients with TD were enrolled, and 77 patients completed 12 weeks of treatment with EGb(240 mg/d). The abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS), positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and serum BDNF levels were measured at before and after 12 weeks of treatment.Serum BDNF levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). In addition, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was genotyped by the method of PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in all patients.Results:Compared with before treatment, the scores of total AIMS((7.0±2.9) vs (4.9±2.2)), total PANSS ((55.8±14.0) vs(51.1±9.7)), subscale P((9.6±3.3) vs (8.6±2.2)), subscale N((23.2±8.3) vs (21.4±6.3)) and subscale G((23.0±4.9) vs (21.1±2.7)) were significantly decreased( P<0.01), while the levels of BDNF were significantly increased((10.8±2.9)μg/L vs (9.6±3.3)μg/L, P<0.05) in TD patients after treatment.The increased level of BDNF was positively correlated with the decrease of AIMS( r=0.28, P=0.014), but no significantly correlated with the improvement of PANSS total scores and the three subscales were found(all P>0.05). After treatment, the decrease of AIMS in patients with Val/Val genotype was significantly greater than that in patients with Val allele (Met/Val plus Met/Met genotype) (both P<0.05). Further analysis showed that only patients with Val/Met heterozygotes had a significant increase in BDNF levels after treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusions:EGb may improve TD symptoms through neuroprotective and regulatory effects.The BDNF genotype is involved in regulating the efficacy of EGb in the treatment of TD, which may be related to its regulation of BDNF serum levels.
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Objective@#To analyze the influence of cognition on suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder.@*Methods@#A total of 108 inpatients with major depressive disorder from January 2017 to September 2018 in Beijing Huilongguan Hospital were enrolled.They were divided into suicidal ideation group (n=42) and non-suicidal ideation group (n=66) by the self-rating idea of suicide scale (SIOSS). Cognition was assessed by Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS). The general situation was assessed by self-made general situation questionnaire.The related factors were analyzed by Logistic regression.@*Results@#(1) The rate of suicidal ideation was 44.4% in patients with major depressive disorder.(2) The total score of RBANS and five-factor scores of RBANS in suicidal ideation group were lower than those in non-suicidal ideation group(total RBANS score(63.0±7.9) vs (73.8±7.7); immediate memory: (62.7±8.8) vs (70.8±7.6); visual span: (67.2±10.0) vs (72.7±9.8); speech function: (83.3±13.8) vs (91.5±4.5); attention: (85.3±11.9) vs (99.9±8.5); delayed memory: (53.5±7.7) vs (62.3±9.7), F=6.335-46.660, P<0.05). (3)Logistic regression showed, years of education were risk factors for suicidal ideation(β=0.289, P=0.013, OR=1.335, 95%CI=1.063-1.676), RBANS attention factor(β=-0.161, P=0.000, OR=0.851, 95%CI=0.778-0.931)and RBANS delayed memory factor score(β=-0.151, P=0.006, OR=0.860, 95%CI=0.772-0.957)were protective factors for suicidal ideation.@*Conclusion@#Cognitive function has an impact on suicide ideation of depressive patients, mainly attention and delayed memory are protective factors for suicide ideation.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between plasma cytokine level and cognitive function in patients with stable schizophrenia and explore the possible role of cytokine in the occurrence mechanism of cognitive impairment in them.@*Methods@#A total of 75 stable patients who met the mental disorder diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV (patient group) and 40 healthy people (control group) were included in the essay.The method of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detected the concentrations of plasma proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and IFN-γ as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 in all research objects.The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess the cognitive function of patients.The relationship between plasma cytokines and cognitive function of patients were analyzed when the differences of the plasma cytokines concentrations were compared between the patient group and the control group.@*Results@#(1)Compared with the control group, plasma IL-8 (2.80(2.13)pg/ml vs 0.23 (0.80)pg/ml), TNF-α (1.16(0.47)pg/ml vs 0.67(0.15)pg/ml) in the patient group showed statistically significant difference (P<0.01). (2)In the partial correlation analysis of plasma cytokines and cognitive functions in patients, TNF-α was negatively correlated with the attention/vigilance dimensions(r=-0.29, P=0.03).@*Conclusion@#Stable schizophrenia patients have some problems with cytokine level.There is a correlation between TNF-α level and attention/vigilance dimensions.What's more, cytokine level immunological abnormalities may play some role in the development of cognitive impairment occurrence in patients.
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Objective To investigate the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in stable schizophrenia patients, and to explore the relationship between serum VEGF level and clinical symptoms. Methods Seventy-five patients with stable schizophrenia and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. The levels of serum VEGF were detected by flow multiplex protein analysis. The clinical symptoms of patients were assessed by positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS). Results The level of serum VEGF was significantly lower in patients group than in healthy control group [medians (lower and upper quartiles) were 3.77 (2.61, 5.14) pg/mL vs. 6.21 (4.37, 11.16) pg/mL, P＜0.01]. There was no significant difference in serum VEGF levels between patients with different gender, smoking or family history of mental illness (P＞0.05). The level of VEGF was negatively correlated with the total score of PANSS (r=-0.27, P=0.03), negative symptom subscale score (r=-0.25, P=0.04), lack of response score (r=-0.26, P=0.02), but not with other PANSS scores (P＞0.05). Conclusion The serum level of VEGF in patients with stable schizophrenia is lower than that in healthy control group. There is, to some degree, a relationship between the level of VEGF and the severity of clinical symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia.
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Objective To explore the relationship between plasma cytokine level and cognitive function in patients with stable schizophrenia and explore the possible role of cytokine in the occurrence mechanism of cognitive impairment in them.Methods A total of 75 stable patients who met the mental disorder diagnostic criteria of DSM-ⅣV (patient group) and 40 healthy people (control group) were included in the essay.The method of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detected the concentrations of plasma proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β,IL-8,TNF-α and IFN-γas well as the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 in all research objects.The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess the cognitive function of patients.The relationship between plasma cytokines and cognitive function of patients were analyzed when the differences of the plasma cytokines concentrations were compared between the patient group and the control group.Results (1) Compared with the control group,plasma IL-8 (2.80 (2.13) pg/ml vs 0.23 (0.80) pg/ml),TNF-α (1.16 (0.47) pg/ml vs 0.67 (0.15) pg/ml) in the patient group showed statistically significant difference (P＜0.01).(2)In the partial correlation analysis of plasma cytokines and cognitive functions in patients,TNF-α was negatively correlated with the attention/vigilance dimensions(r=-0.29,P=0.03).Conclusion Stable schizophrenia patients have some problems with cytokine level.There is a correlation between TNF-α level and attention/vigilance dimensions.What's more,cytokine level immunological abnormalities may play some role in the development of cognitive impairment occurrence in patients.
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Objective To analyze the influence of cognition on suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder. Methods A total of 108 inpatients with major depressive disorder from January 2017 to September 2018 in Beijing Huilongguan Hospital were enrolled. They were divided into suicidal idea- tion group ( n=42) and non-suicidal ideation group ( n= 66) by the self-rating idea of suicide scale (SIOSS). Cognition was assessed by Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The general situation was assessed by self-made general situation questionnaire. The related fac-tors were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results (1) The rate of suicidal ideation was 44. 4% in patients with major depressive disorder. (2) The total score of RBANS and five-factor scores of RBANS in suicidal i-deation group were lower than those in non-suicidal ideation group(total RBANS score(63. 0±7. 9) vs (73. 8 ±7. 7);immediate memory:(62. 7± 8. 8) vs ( 70. 8± 7. 6);visual span:( 67. 2± 10. 0) vs ( 72. 7± 9. 8);speech function:(83. 3±13. 8) vs (91. 5±4. 5);attention:(85. 3±11. 9) vs (99. 9±8. 5);delayed memory:(53. 5±7. 7) vs (62. 3±9. 7),F=6. 335-46. 660,P<0. 05). (3) Logistic regression showed,years of educa-tion were risk factors for suicidal ideation ( β=0. 289, P=0. 013, OR=1. 335,95% CI=1. 063-1. 676), RBANS attention factor(β=-0. 161,P=0. 000,OR=0. 851,95%CI=0. 778-0. 931) and RBANS delayed memory factor score(β=-0. 151,P=0. 006,OR=0. 860,95%CI=0. 772-0. 957) were protective factors for suicidal ideation. Conclusion Cognitive function has an impact on suicide ideation of depressive patients, mainly attention and delayed memory are protective factors for suicide ideation.
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Objective:To explore the characteristics of cognitive function in patients with early onset and adult onset schizophrenia.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 546 patients with schizophrenia who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-Ⅳ) were selected.Among them, 62 cases were defined as early onset schizophrenia (EOS, age of onset＜18 years) and 175 patients were defined as adult onset schizophrenia (AOS, age of onset≥25 years).Patients underwent clinical assessments with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments.Results:The EOS patients got lower scores in motor function-PEGDOM T score [ (26±12) vs. (30±11), P＜0.01], working memory-average T score of PASAT and WMSSP[ (34±12) vs. (38±10), P＜0.05]and executive function (inhibition) -Stroop T score [ (35±12) vs. (39±10), P＜0.05]than AOS patients.No differences were fund in processing speed, verbal memory and learning, visual memory and learning (Ps＞0.05) between the two groups.Conclusion:It suggests that the EOS patients have worse motor function, working memory and inhibition.
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This paper briefly introduces the structure and function of α7nAChR, and mainly reviews the relevant researches about the relationship between a7nAChR and cognition of schizophrenia in the last ten years from molecule genetics and new targets of medication two aspects. It suggests that the abnormal α7AChR is involved in cognition impairment of schizophrenia, and the a7nAChR agonist is probably able to improve the impaired cognition in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, KAT-2 as a key enzyme acting on its endogenous antagonist KYNA is also promising to become a new drug target
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Objective To explore the attribution of suicidal behavior which was judged by different respondents of suicide and suicide attempts.Methods Suicide attempts (120 cases) and suicide deaths (151 cases) were recruited.For each cases,a co-habitat family member and an associate (majority were neighbors) were interviewed independently.The attempter himself/herself was also interviewed.Every respondent reported the cause of the index suicide behavior,life events occurred one year prior to suicidal behavior,and depressive symptoms in one month prior to suicidal behavior.Results For suicide group,31.2％ of family member respondent attributed the index suicidal behavior to physical illness,15.6％ of them attributed it to family conflicts,and 7.8％ of them attributed it to depression.However,among associate respondents,24.8％,28.4％ and 13.5％ of them attributed the index suicidal behavior to physical illness,family conflicts,and depression.Family members were less likely attributed suicidal behavior to family conflict (x2=11.17,P ＜0.01),and associates were less likely attributed it to physical illness (Fisher's exact test,P＜0.01).In suicide attempt group,61.2％ of attempters themselves,60.5％ of family members and 69.2％ of associates attributed suicidal behavior to family conflict;10.3％ of attempters themselves,11.4％ of family members and 3.4％ of associates attributed it to physical illness.The associates were less likely attributed it to physical illness (Cochran Q=12.80,P＜0.01).Only 4.3％ of attempters,2.6％ of family members and 2.6％ of associates attributed index suicide behavior to depression.In the attempt group,29 attempters themselves,14 family members and 9 associates reported that the attempter had five or above depressive symptoms,but only 1 attempter himself,1 family member and none of associates attributed the attempt to depression.In suicide death group,45 family members and 49 associates reported the decedents had five or above depressive symptoms,but only 6 family member and l0 associates attributed index suicidal behaviors to depression.The respondents who attributed index suicidal behavior to family conflict reported a higher score of acute stress due to life events of family conflicts.Conclusion All respondents underestimate the effect of depression on suicidal behaviors.It is important to promote public health education on depression.Family conflict is one of the major precipitating factors of suicide behavior in China.
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Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the cognitive deficits in schizophrenic patients with diabetes.Methods 578 inpatients with schizophrenia and 400 healthy adults were collected.578 schizophrenic patients were divided into schizophrenia group with type 2 diabetes (combined group,n=277) and schizophrenia without type 2 diabetes (single disease group,n=301).The cognitive function of all subjects were examined by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS).The clinical symptoms of patients with schizophrenia were measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).Fasting glucose,lipids,hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and insulin levels were measured.Results The total score and factor scores of RBANS in the combined group were lower than those in the healthy control group (total score (70.51 ± 14.43) vs (80.04 ± 15.14),immediate memory (62.65 ± 16.81) vs (75.66± 17.33),visual span(83.60±20.81) vs (87.61 ± 15.61),verbal function(85.58± 14.64) vs (93.88± 13.10),attention function (73.66± 17.52) vs (87.42±20.37),delayed memory(75.27± 17.80) vs (86.27± 15.27),all P＜0.05).The total score of RBANS,immediate memory and attention function factor were lower in the combined group than that in the single disease group ((70.51±14.43) vs (75.02±15.25),(62.65±16.81) vs (67.37±19.12),(73.66±17.52) vs (84.17±15.22),all P＜0.05).Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that education,negative symptoms,positive symptoms,BMI,HbAc 1,course of disease and antipsychotic type were the influencing factors of cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients with diabetes.Conclusion The cognitive impairment of schizophrenic patients with diabetes is more serious and affected by many factors.Targeted early intervention can help reduce cognitive impairment.
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Objective To explore the role of decorin (DCN) on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia by analyzing the correlation between serum DCN levels and cognitive impairment in the first-episode drug-native (FEDN) patients with schizophrenia.Methods 30 FEDN patients with schizophrenia and 30 age and gender matched healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled.The psychopathological symptoms were assessed by the PANSS and the cognitive function was assessed by the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB).The serum DCN levels were measured by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The difference of DCN levels between the two groups were compared and the correlations of serum DCN levels to age,sex,the score of the MCCB and PANSS were analyzed.Results The serum DCN levels were lower in patients with schizophrenia than those in control group ((1.56±0.96) ng/ml vs (3.35± 1.71) ng/ml,P＜ 0.01).The serum DCN levels were positively correlated with the positive symptom score (r=0.41,P=0.03).The serum DCN levels were significantly negatively correlated with MCCB verbal fluency (r =-0.40,P =0.04),verbal memory (r=-0.42,P=0.02),visual memory (r=-0.39,P=0.04),continuous operation (r=-0.41,P=0.03),encoding symbols (r=-0.49,P=0.01),T line (r=-0.42,P=0.02) and total score (r=-0.55,P＜0.01),and after controlling the age and gender,the relationships were still exist.Conclusion It suggests that serum DCN levels are associated with cognitive function in first-episode patients with schizophrenia,and that DCN may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Ligustilide on the withdrawal syndromes syn-dromes and monoamine neurotransmitters of hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens in morphine-dependent rats. Methods Totally 60 SD rats were divided into control group,model group,clonidine group and Ligust-ilide high(80 mg/kg),medium(40 mg/kg) and low(20 mg/kg) dose group according to the random number table with 10 in each group. Rats were given in gradual increasing doses of morphine to produce physical de-pendence. Morphine withdrawal syndrome was precipitated by naloxone and withdrawal symptoms were evalu-ated by Ryuta Tomoji score. The level of norepinephrine ( NE), dopamine ( DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in rats were tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results The total score of somatic withdrawal syndromes in the control group,model group,clonidine group and Ligustilide low,medium and high dose group were 0,(31. 83±7. 33),(17. 92±6. 88),(25. 58±5. 99),(19. 88±4. 82) and (16. 75 ±4. 01) . Compared with the model group,the morphine withdrawal syndromes scores of Ligustilide low,me- dium and high dose groups and clonidine group were reduced(all P<0. 05). The level of NE,DA and 5-HT in hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens were increased compared with that of control group. Compared with the model group,the level of NE,DA and 5-HT in hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens of Ligustilide low, medium and high dose groups and clonidine group were significantly reduced (P<0. 05). Conclusion Ligu-stilide can effectively alleviate the symptoms in morphine-withdrawal rats,which may be related to the inhibi-tion of excessive release of monoamine neurotransmitters in hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens.
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Objective To analyze the risk factors of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics related to anxious symptoms in bipolar depression patients(BDP).Methods This was a secondary analysis of data from the Diagnostic Assessment Service for People with Bipolar Depression in China(DASP)from September 1,2010 to February 28,2011.According to the criterion that comorbid anxiety or not, BDP(n=306)were divided into comorbid anxiety group(n =200)(65.4％)and without anxiety group(n =106)(34.6％).Further analysis for risk factors of anxious symptoms in BDP was performed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results BDP with anxiety were younger(35.10± 11.09), younger at illness onset(27.93-± 10.04), ruore male(t =4.603, P＜0.05), more lifetime episodes(3.21 ± 3.77), frequently episodes(t =17.328,P＜0.05),inducement onset(t=14.859,P＜0.05)and more seasonal episodes(t=8.300,P＜0.05)compared with BDP without anxiety.Logistic regression analysis showed that inducement onset(OR=5.023)and episodes frequency(OR=10.852)was significantly associated with anxious symptom(P＜0.05).Conclusion The finding indicates that postpartum onset and depressive episodes frequency may be risk factors of bipolar depression with anxiety.
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Objective:To investigate the association between catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)Vall58Met polymorphism and prepulse inhibition of the auditory startle reflex (PPI) in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:Totally 178 patients with schizophrenia and 190 healthy volunteers were recruited.The auditory startle reflex was detected by using SR-HLAB monitoring system.The indexed of the auditory startle reflex included the amplitude,habituation％ and PPI30,PPI60,PPI120 (the lead interval was set 30 ms,60 ms,120 ms).COMT Vall58Met polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RELP).The differences of PPI among COMT genotypes were compared.Results:Compared to the healthy volunteers,patients with schizophrenia had a significant lower the amplitude of auditory startle reflex[(563± 460) mV vs (695 ± 447) mY,P ＜ 0.05] and habituation％ [(32 ± 46) vs (48 ± 33),P ＜ 0.01] as well as the ％PPI120[(27 ± 5) vs (35 ± 3),P ＜ 0.05].The significant differences in COMT allelic and genotypic distribions were observed between patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers (x2 =8.16,11.74,Ps ＜ 0.05).The significant main effect of COMT genotype on habituation％ was observed (P ＜0.05) but no interaction genotype by diagnosis on the amplitude of auditory startle reflex,habituation％ and ％ PPI120 was observed (Ps ＞ 0.05).Conclusions:There may be a correlation between COMT genotype and adaptability,but not between COMT genotype and PPI deficit present in patients with schizophrenia
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Amisulpride,a kind of the second generation antipsychotics,was marketed in China in 2010.A series of clinical research and experience before and after listed,especially the data based on Chinese population,provided evidence for the generalization and application of amisulpride.In order to optimize the clinical application of amisulpride,and improve the prognosis of patients,Expert Advice on the Practical Use of Amisulpride in the Treatment of Schizophrenia is presented here.This advice is based on the recent evidence and clinical experience,for guiding the clinical medication of amisulpride.
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Objective To analyze the risk factors of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics related to anxious symptoms in bipolar depression patients(BDP).Methods This was a secondary analysis of data from the Diagnostic Assessment Service for People with Bipolar Depression in China(DASP)from September 1,2010 to February 28,2011.According to the criterion that comorbid anxiety or not, BDP(n=306)were divided into comorbid anxiety group(n =200)(65.4％)and without anxiety group(n =106)(34.6％).Further analysis for risk factors of anxious symptoms in BDP was performed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results BDP with anxiety were younger(35.10± 11.09), younger at illness onset(27.93-± 10.04), ruore male(t =4.603, P＜0.05), more lifetime episodes(3.21 ± 3.77), frequently episodes(t =17.328,P＜0.05),inducement onset(t=14.859,P＜0.05)and more seasonal episodes(t=8.300,P＜0.05)compared with BDP without anxiety.Logistic regression analysis showed that inducement onset(OR=5.023)and episodes frequency(OR=10.852)was significantly associated with anxious symptom(P＜0.05).Conclusion The finding indicates that postpartum onset and depressive episodes frequency may be risk factors of bipolar depression with anxiety.