[Enterotoxigenicity of gram-negative microorganisms isolated from the region of congenital cleft palate in children]. / Enterotoksigennost' gramotritsatel'nykh mikroorganizmov, vydelennykh iz oblasti vrozhdennykh rasshchelin neba u detei.

One hundred and ninety four stains of opportunistic gram negative bacteria were isolated from 106 children with congenital cleft palate. 83 of them (42.7 per cent) reduced enterotoxin. For comparison, microflora of the oral cavity in 32 healthy children was investigated and 40 strains of opportunistic gram negative organisms were isolated. Only 3 of them proved to be enterotoxigenic. Therefore, the frequency of the enterotoxigenic bacteria in the children with cleft palate was higher than that in the healthy children.

[Features of oral cavity microflora in congenital cleft lip and palate]. / Nekotorye osobennosti mikroflory rotovoi polosti pri vrozhdennoi verkhnei guby i neba.

Cheilloschisis and uranoschisis are the most important congenital defects in children. This pathology increases the incidence of purulent inflammatory affections due to Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The isolates were found to have multiple drug resistance determined by R plasmids of different incompatibility groups. The molecular weights of the plasmids were: 3.0, 8.0 and 9.0 MD in Staphylococcus spp., 90.0 and 110.0 MD in P. aeruginosa and P. putida, 33.0, 38.0, 49.0 and 53.0 MD in E. coli. 87.0 per cent of the Staphylococcus strains, 78.9 per cent of the Streptococcus strains, 83.3 per cent of the E. coli strains, 74.0 per cent of the P. aeruginosa strains and 66.6 per cent of the Acinetobacter stains were shown to be sensitive to the commercial pyophage product used in the study.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of hospital strains of Staphylococcus]. / Antibiotikochuvstvitel'nost' gospital'nykh shtammov stafilokokkov.

Seven hundred and six clinical strains of Staphylococcus spp. isolated in different cities of the former USSR in 1986-1992 were investigated. It was shown that the isolates had multiple drug resistance. The hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus more frequently contained the plasmids with the molecular weight of 21.0 and 18.0 MD as well as the plasmids with the molecular weight of 1.4 MD determining erythromycin resistance. The plasmids with the molecular weight of 3.0 and 2.6 MD were detected which determined streptomycin and tetracycline resistance respectively. Lincomycin and carbenicillin resistance was determined by the chromosomal genes. The elimination studies demonstrated that gentamicin resistance could be determined by the extrachromosomal genes.

[Biological characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity of Acinetobacter strains]. / Biologicheskaia kharakteristika i antibiotikochuvstvitel'nost' shtammov Acinetobacter.

Fifty Acinetobacter strains were investigated. Their differentiation according to the species position showed that 30 strains belonged to A. calcoaceticus and 20 strains belonged to A. lwoffi. It was found that the Acinetobacter strains had multiple drug resistance. They showed 100 per cent resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, erythromycin, methicillin, oxacillin, tetracycline, oleandomycin, streptomycin, rondomycin and lincomycin. According to the results of the study the most efficient antibiotics were cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and polymyxin. The Acinetobacter hospital strains contained conjugative plasmids of different incompatibility groups. 50 per cent of the Acinetobacter strains contained conjugative R plasmids determining the resistance to streptomycin, kanamycin and tetracycline and referring to the T, J, M and N incompatibility groups. Their molecular weights were 42.0, 35.0, 30.0 and 50.0 MD respectively.

[Antibiotic resistance plasmids in various strains of Staphylococcus aureus]. / Izuchenie plazmid antibiotikorezistentnosti iz razlichnykh shtammov Staphylococcus aureus.

Plasmids with the molecular weights of 1.6 to 21.0 MD were detected in Staphylococcus aureus. The plasmids determined resistance to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, arsenate and arsenite. Strain p16 of Staphylococcus aureus contained plasmid pL16 with the molecular weight of 18.0 MD determining resistance to erythromycin, streptomycin, benzylpenicillin and ampicillin. The plasmid has two replication sites and is likely a natural recombinant of two plasmids.

[Conjugative R plasmids isolated from hospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. / Izuchenie kon"iugativnykh R-plazmid, vydelennykh iz gospital'nykh shtammov sinegnoinoi palochki.

It was shown that Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital strains isolated from patients and environment in the Republican Centre of Burns in Tbilisi contained conjugative R plasmids. The plasmids were marked pM15 and pM19, respectively. The plasmid pM15 determined resistance to carbenicillin, kanamycin and tetracycline and plasmid pM19 determined resistance to carbenicillin, kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and streptomycin. Plasmid pM15 had a molecular weight of 45.8 MD and seven sites for EcoRI, six sites for HindIII and five sites for Hpa-I-restrictase. This plasmid, as others, belongs to the Inc-P1 incompatibility group.

[Antibiotic sensitivity and pathogenetic factors of hospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients treated in a resuscitation unit]. / Antibiotikochuvstvitel'nost' i faktory patogennosti gospital'nykh shtammov sinegnoinoi palochki, vydelennykh u bol'nykh reanimatsionnogo otdeleniia.

Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from patients treated in the Centre of Thermal Affections in 1985-1989. It was shown that 72.9, 59.3, 33.8 and 54.2 per cent of the isolates were sensitive to cefotaxime, tobramycin, gentamicin and polymyxin, respectively. The study of pathogenicity factors of the isolates revealed that 83 per cent of the strains produced thermolabile enterotoxin, 79.6 per cent of the strains had adhesive activity and 71.1 per cent of the strains produced hemolysin. The study detected combinations of various pathogenicity factors. 42.3 per cent of the isolates had both adhesive and enterotoxigenic properties. Adhesiveness and hemolytic activity were shown by 13.5 per cent of the strains. 16.9 per cent of the strains produced both enterotoxin and hemolysin. Adhesive activity, enterotoxigenicity and hemolysin production were observed in 6.7 per cent of the strains. It was noted that the strains of P. aeruginosa resistant to polymyxin mainly produced enterotoxin (18.6 per cent) and those resistant to cefotaxime had adhesive activity (34.0 per cent).

[The pathogenicity factors of bacteria in the genus Acinetobacter]. / Faktory patogennosti u bakterii roda Acinetobacter.

Eighty Acinetobacter strains, isolated in Togliatti from patients with purulent inflammatory diseases, were studied to determine their pathogenicity factors. Out of these 80 strains, 32.5% were found to have enterotoxigenic activity and 46.2%, adhesive activity. They were related to adhesins of the human type and to adhesins of the sheep, rabbit, swine and guinea pig types. But the most important phenomenon established in this study was the combination of different pathogenicity factors detected in Acinetobacter bacteria. Analysis of the combination of pathogenicity factors revealed that 7.5% of Acinetobacter strains had adhesive and enterotoxigenic activity, 15.3% of these strains combined adhesive and hemolytic activity and 1.2% of them were found to be enterotoxigenic and hemolytic. Only 5.0% of Acinetobacter strains were found to carry all there pathogenicity factors simultaneously.

[Meningococcal plasmids]. / Plazmidy meningokokka.

In Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated from patients with meningococcal infection and from carriers, the presence of plasmids has been detected by the modified method of H. C. Bernboim and J. Doly. The strains have been studied with respect to their pathogenicity and sensitivity to antibacterial substances. No correlation between the presence of plasmids and pathogenicity factors, such as antilysozyme activity, the presence of hyaluronidase and the positive reaction to Congo red, resistance to penicillin, serogroup and the sources of isolation, has been established.