Elevated plus-maze and the hole board test for use as a quality control assay of herbal medicines based on passiflora incarnata linnaeus / Teste do labirinto em cruz elevado e campo vazado para o uso como ensaios de controle de qualidade de medicamentos fitoterápicos a base de passiflora incarnata linnaeus

In the search for the reduction of the side effects caused by allopathy, phytotherapeutic products are already on the veterinary market. This study aimed was to evaluate Elevated Plus-Maze and Hole Board test as an analytical methodology for quality control of anxiolytic medicines based on Passiflora incarnata. The efficacy of three brands commercial differents of Passiflora incarnata extracts was tested in the Elevated Plus-maze (for anxiolytic effect) and the Hole Board test (for locomotor and neophilia activity) in Wistar rats. Treatment with the P. incarnata brands revealed a significant 3-fold increase in the length of stay in the open arms in the LCE. In the ambulation, animals from bands 1 and 3 presented a significant increase, being brand 2 the only one that did not present this relevance. In the neophilia, Passiflora brand 1 presented a significant increase of 3 times and groups 2 and 3 an increase of approximately 2 times. The results showed that different brands of Passiflora have a satisfactory quality standard related to biological activity and showed that the use of Elevated plus-maze/Hole board test can be an effective tool in the quality control of herbal medicines with anxiolytic activity associated with the phytochemical analysis.(AU)

Na busca pela redução dos efeitos colaterais causados pela alopatia, os fitoterápicos já se encontram disponíveis no mercado veterinário. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os testes neurocomportamentais Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e Campo Vazado como metodologias analíticas para o controle de qualidade de medicamentos ansiolíticos a base de Passiflora incarnata. A eficácia de três diferentes marcas comerciais de extrato de Passiflora incarnata foi testada no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (para efeitos ansiolíticos) e no Campo Vazado (para atividade locomotora e busca por novidade) em ratos Wistar. O tratamento com as marcas de P. incarnata demonstrou aumento significativo de 3 vezes no tempo de permanência nos braços abertos no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado. Na deambulação, animais das marcas 1 e 3 apresentaram aumento significativo, sendo a marca 2 a única que não apresentou relevância para este parâmetro. Na neofilia, a marca 1 de Passiflora apresentou aumento significativo de 3 vezes e as marcas 2 e 3 aumento de aproximadamente 2 vezes. Os resultados mostraram que diferentes marcas de Passiflora apresentam um padrão de qualidade satisfatório relacionado à atividade biológica e mostraram que a utilização dos testes Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e Campo Vazado podem ser ferramentas eficazes no controle de qualidade de fitoterápicos com atividade ansiolítica associadas à análises fitoquímicas.(AU)

Elevated plus-maze and the hole board test for use as a quality control assay of herbal medicines based on passiflora incarnata linnaeus / Teste do labirinto em cruz elevado e campo vazado para o uso como ensaios de controle de qualidade de medicamentos fitoterápicos a base de passiflora incarnata linnaeus

In the search for the reduction of the side effects caused by allopathy, phytotherapeutic products are already on the veterinary market. This study aimed was to evaluate Elevated Plus-Maze and Hole Board test as an analytical methodology for quality control of anxiolytic medicines based on Passiflora incarnata. The efficacy of three brands commercial differents of Passiflora incarnata extracts was tested in the Elevated Plus-maze (for anxiolytic effect) and the Hole Board test (for locomotor and neophilia activity) in Wistar rats. Treatment with the P. incarnata brands revealed a significant 3-fold increase in the length of stay in the open arms in the LCE. In the ambulation, animals from bands 1 and 3 presented a significant increase, being brand 2 the only one that did not present this relevance. In the neophilia, Passiflora brand 1 presented a significant increase of 3 times and groups 2 and 3 an increase of approximately 2 times. The results showed that different brands of Passiflora have a satisfactory quality standard related to biological activity and showed that the use of Elevated plus-maze/Hole board test can be an effective tool in the quality control of herbal medicines with anxiolytic activity associated with the phytochemical analysis.

Na busca pela redução dos efeitos colaterais causados pela alopatia, os fitoterápicos já se encontram disponíveis no mercado veterinário. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os testes neurocomportamentais Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e Campo Vazado como metodologias analíticas para o controle de qualidade de medicamentos ansiolíticos a base de Passiflora incarnata. A eficácia de três diferentes marcas comerciais de extrato de Passiflora incarnata foi testada no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (para efeitos ansiolíticos) e no Campo Vazado (para atividade locomotora e busca por novidade) em ratos Wistar. O tratamento com as marcas de P. incarnata demonstrou aumento significativo de 3 vezes no tempo de permanência nos braços abertos no Labirinto em Cruz Elevado. Na deambulação, animais das marcas 1 e 3 apresentaram aumento significativo, sendo a marca 2 a única que não apresentou relevância para este parâmetro. Na neofilia, a marca 1 de Passiflora apresentou aumento significativo de 3 vezes e as marcas 2 e 3 aumento de aproximadamente 2 vezes. Os resultados mostraram que diferentes marcas de Passiflora apresentam um padrão de qualidade satisfatório relacionado à atividade biológica e mostraram que a utilização dos testes Labirinto em Cruz Elevado e Campo Vazado podem ser ferramentas eficazes no controle de qualidade de fitoterápicos com atividade ansiolítica associadas à análises fitoquímicas.

Braf V600E mutation in melanoma: translational current scenario.

Melanoma was one of the translational cancer examples in clinic, including target therapy related to specific biomarkers impacting in the outcome of melanoma patients. Melanomagenesis involved a wide variety of mutations during his evolution; many of these mutated proteins have a kinase activity. One of the most cited proteins in melanoma is BRAF (about 50-60 % of melanomas harbors activating BRAF mutations), for these the most common is a substitution of valine to glutamic acid at codon 600 (p.V600E). Therefore, the precise identification of this underlying somatic mutation is essential; knowing the translational implications has opened a wide view of melanoma biology and therapy.

Quality of life outcomes after pedicled TRAM flap delayed breast reconstruction.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of TRAM flap delayed breast reconstruction on health related quality of life in patients who had undergone mastectomy. METHODS: Twenty-five patients following mastectomy were selected consecutively from the Plastic Surgery/Mastology Units of two university hospitals. All subjects underwent breast reconstruction with the use of pedicled TRAM flap. The patients' health related quality of life was assessed by a validated instrument, the SF-36 Health Survey Questionnaire. This was applied preoperatively and postoperatively at 3, 6 and 12-months follow-up. A group of 20 women with mastectomies who have not undergone breast reconstruction was used as a control. To assess patients' satisfaction with breast reconstruction we used Alderman's modified general satisfaction subscale. RESULTS: There was a progressive improvement in all dimensions of the SF-36, and this was statistically significant for seven of the eight dimensions. The scores were significantly higher on 'role emotional' and 'mental health' at 3 months postoperatively, on 'health perception' and 'role physical' at month 6 and on 'physical function', 'pain', health perception and 'social function' at postoperative month 12. Despite the increase in scores, no significant changes in 'vitality' were found. There was no significant preoperative difference between the control group and studied patients, and the control group's scores were significantly lower in all dimensions when compared to postoperative month 12, except on 'physical function'. The level of patients' satisfaction with the TRAM flap breast reconstruction was high. CONCLUSIONS: The data of this study suggest that delayed breast reconstruction with the use of the pedicled TRAM flap provides an improvement in health related quality of life of patients who have undergone mastectomy.

Aplicaçäo clínica do retalho fáscio-cutâneo da regiäo posterior da coxa em V-Y / Clinical application of the VY posterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap

OBJETIVO: Analisar a aplicabilidade do retalho fáscio-cutâneo em V-Y da regiäo posterior da coxa na reparaçäo de lesöes isoladas ou múltiplas nas regiöes glútea e perineal. MÉTODO: Foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico 20 pacientes, portadores de 25 úlceras nas regiöes glútea e perineal, sendo 23 delas úlceras por pressäo, um pós-abscesso perianal e um pós-trauma perineal. Em todos os pacientes a reparaçäo foi realizada com o retalho fáscio-cutâneo da regiäo posterior da coxa. O retalho foi confeccionado com base súpero-lateral, preservando-se os ramos fáscio-cutâneos das artérias glútea inferior, primeira e segunda perfurantes no tratamento de úlceras isquiáticas. Nas associaçöes de úlcera isquiática com úlcera sacral, adicionou-se ao retalho uma extensäo fáscio-cutânea da regiäo glútea para tratamento cirúrgico em tempo único. Foi realizado retalho com base súpero-medial, preservando-se o ramo fáscio-cutâneo da artéria glútea inferior no tratamento das úlceras trocantéricas. Nas associaçöes com úlcera sacral, acrescentou-se ao retalho posterior da coxa uma extensäo fáscio-cutânea da regiäo glútea, que permitiu o fechamento de todas as úlceras em um só tempo cirúrgico. Nas associaçöes de úlceras trocantéricas e isquiáticas, realizou-se o retalho com base superior, preservando-se o ramo fáscio-cutâneo da artéria glútea inferior. RESULTADOS: Näo houve necrose do retalho. As complicaçöes imediatas foram três infecçöes, uma deiscência e um hematoma. Num período de seguimento de 6 meses a 29 meses, houve recidiva de seis úlceras (6/24 = 25,0 por cento) em cinco pacientes (5/19 = 26,32 por cento). Um paciente foi perdido neste seguimento. CONCLUSÄO: Conclui-se que o retalho fáscio-cutâneo posterior da coxa, em V-Y, pode ser utilizado com segurança no tratamento de lesöes isoladas ou múltiplas das regiöes glútea e perineal

[Clinical application of the V-Y posterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap]. / Aplicação clínica do retalho fáscio-cutâneo da região posterior da coxa em V-Y.

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical applicability of one-stage treatment of single or multiple sores using the V-Y posterior thigh fasciocutaneous flap. METHODS: Twenty patients were treated, having 25 ulcers in the gluteal and perineal regions, being 23 pressure ulcers, 1 perianal abscess and 1 perineal trauma. In all of the patients the repair was carried out with a fasciocutaneous flap from the posterior region of the thigh. The flap was made with a superior and lateral base, preserving the fasciocutaneous branches of the inferior gluteal arteries, first and second perforating, in the treatment of ischial ulcers. In the associations of the same with sacral ulcer, a fasciocutaneous extension from the gluteal region was added to the flap for a one and only surgical procedure. A superior and medial based flap was made, preserving the fasciocutaneous branch of the inferior gluteal artery in the treatment of the trochanteric ulcers. In the associations with sacral ulcer a fasciocutaneous extension from the gluteal region was added to the posterior thigh flap which permitted the closure of all ulcers in only one surgical procedure. In the associations of trochanteric and ischial ulcers a flap with a superior base was made, preserving the fasciocutaneous branch of the inferior gluteal artery. RESULTS: There was no necrosis of the flap. The immediate complications were 3 infections, 1 dehiscences and 1 hematoma. In a follow-up period of 6 months to 29 months, with one patient being lost to follow up, there were 6 recurrences 6/24 (25.0%) in 5 patients 5/19 (26.32%). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the posterior fasciocutaneous thigh flap, in V-Y, can be used with safety in the treatment of isolated or multiple ulcers in the gluteal and perineal regions.

Tratamiento de la colédocolitiasis con globos extractores endoscópicos / Common bile duct stone straction with retrieval ballons

La colédocolitiasis tiene una incidencia del 10 al 20 por ciento en quienes padecen colelitiasis. Existen varias técnicas endoscópicas y quirúrgicas para su tratamiento. Utilizar globos extractores ha reportado buenos resultados con mínima morbilidad y mortalidad. Se describen los resultados del tratamiento de la colédocolitiasis con globos extractores endoscópicos. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, clínico y longitudinal, que incluyó a todos los pacientes con colédocolitiasis, a los que se les realizó esfinterotomía endoscópica y exploración de la vía biliar común con globos. Se estudió sexo, edad, tamaño de los cálculos, resultados en la extracción y complicaciones. De Enero de 1997 a junio de 1998 diagnosticamos 52 casos de colédocolitiasis, 29 (56 por ciento) del sexo femenino, 23 (44 por ciento) del sexo masculino, con edad media de 59.9 por ciento años. 27 (51 por ciento) de los casos fueron sólo diagnósticados y trasladados a su unidad de referencia para recibir tratamiento. 25 (49 por ciento) se sometieron a esfinterotomía. De los cuales tres (12 por ciento) se resolvieron por cirugía, seis (24 por ciento) se resolvieron con esfinterotomía simple, cuatro (16 por ciento) se perdieron al seguimiento y 12 (48 por ciento) se resolvieron con la ayuda del globo. El diámetro de los litos extraídos con globo fue de 5 hasta 15mm. En un caso (lito de 20mm) no fue posible extraerlo. No hubo complicaciones relacionadas al uso del globo. El uso de globos extractores endoscópicos es eficaz en la extracción de litos menores de 15mm y con nula morbimortalidad en relación a su uso

Total reconstruction of upper lip and columella with bipedicled depressor anguli oris island musculocutaneous flap.

The authors present the case report of a patient exhibiting upper lip deformity and total columella loss with cosmetic and functional impairment as a result of multiple previous facial carcinomata resections. Repair was achieved with bipedicled depressor anguli oris musculocutaneous island flap.

AIDS in Mexico.

AIDS: AIDS is a complex healthcare challenge in Mexico. Although sero-prevalence rates vary widely across Latin America, the number of new infections in Mexico started at a slow rate, began to increase exponentially, and finally started leveling off. The annual rates of AIDS incidence and HIV prevalence in men and women are presented. The Mexican government established the National Council for Prevention and Control of AIDS (CONASIDA), and it has become the official government agency to deal with the challenges of the HIV epidemic. The purposes, goals, and accomplishments of CONASIDA are described.^ieng

Reconstruçäo total de lábio superior e columela com retalho musculocutânea em ilha do depressor do ângulo da boca / Depressor anguli oris myocutaneous island flap for total upper lip and columella recontruction

Os autores relatam caso de paciente que, após varias ressecçoes prévias de carcinomas de face, evoluiu com deformidade do labio superior, com comprometimento estético e funcional. Associadamente, apresentava perda total da columela. A reparaçao total do labio superior foi realizada por meio do retalho musculocutâneo, em ilha do depressor do ângulo da boca.

[Depressor anguli oris myocutaneous island flap for total upper lip and columella reconstruction]. / Reconstrução total de lábio superior e columela com retalho musculocutâneo em ilha do depressor do ângulo da boca.

Case report of a man that had been previously submitted to many resections of facial skin carcinomas. A serious deformity on the upper lip and columella remains. A total upper lip and columella reconstruction through the depressor anguli oris myocutaneous island flap is described.

The zygomatic major muscle: its anatomy in view of use in surgical repair

The anatomy of the zygomatic muscle was studied in 40 adult cadaver hemifaces in order to determine and evaluate the possibilities of its use as a local musculocutaneous flap for surgical repair. It could be observed that it is irrigated proximally through the transverse facial artery and distally through the facial artery.