RESUMEN
Background: Leptospirosis and brucellosis are zoonosis worldwide distributed that have great economic importance, especially in goats. This study aimed to carry out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. and anti-Brucella abortus antibodies and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection by these ethiological agents in goats.Materials, Methods & Results: Serum samples were collected from 1055 goats of 95 properties distributed in 18 regional centers of Paraná State from April to August of 2010. Collected samples were submitted to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies with 22 reference serovars: Australis, Bratislava, Autumnalis, Butembo, Castellonis, Bataviae, Canicola, Fortbragg, Whitcombi, Cynopteri, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Panama, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Wolffi, Shermani, Tarassovi and Londrina 1 (L1). The samples were also submitted to buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) to detect anti-Brucella abortus antibodies. The results obtained from epidemiological and serological study were analysed by Epi Info 3.5.3. We observed 9.9% (104/1055) of goats reagents in at least one serovar of Leptospira spp. and no reagent animal to Brucella abortus. The variables that were statistically signif
RESUMEN
Background: Leptospirosis and brucellosis are zoonosis worldwide distributed that have great economic importance, especially in goats. This study aimed to carry out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. and anti-Brucella abortus antibodies and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection by these ethiological agents in goats.Materials, Methods & Results: Serum samples were collected from 1055 goats of 95 properties distributed in 18 regional centers of Paraná State from April to August of 2010. Collected samples were submitted to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies with 22 reference serovars: Australis, Bratislava, Autumnalis, Butembo, Castellonis, Bataviae, Canicola, Fortbragg, Whitcombi, Cynopteri, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Panama, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Wolffi, Shermani, Tarassovi and Londrina 1 (L1). The samples were also submitted to buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) to detect anti-Brucella abortus antibodies. The results obtained from epidemiological and serological study were analysed by Epi Info 3.5.3. We observed 9.9% (104/1055) of goats reagents in at least one serovar of Leptospira spp. and no reagent animal to Brucella abortus. The variables that were statistically signif
RESUMEN
Background: Leptospirosis and brucellosis are zoonosis worldwide distributed that have great economic importance, especially in goats. This study aimed to carry out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. and anti-Brucella abortus antibodies and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection by these ethiological agents in goats.Materials, Methods & Results: Serum samples were collected from 1055 goats of 95 properties distributed in 18 regional centers of Paraná State from April to August of 2010. Collected samples were submitted to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies with 22 reference serovars: Australis, Bratislava, Autumnalis, Butembo, Castellonis, Bataviae, Canicola, Fortbragg, Whitcombi, Cynopteri, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Panama, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Wolffi, Shermani, Tarassovi and Londrina 1 (L1). The samples were also submitted to buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) to detect anti-Brucella abortus antibodies. The results obtained from epidemiological and serological study were analysed by Epi Info 3.5.3. We observed 9.9% (104/1055) of goats reagents in at least one serovar of Leptospira spp. and no reagent animal to Brucella abortus. The variables that were statistically signif
RESUMEN
Background: Leptospirosis and brucellosis are zoonosis worldwide distributed that have great economic importance, especially in goats. This study aimed to carry out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. and anti-Brucella abortus antibodies and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection by these ethiological agents in goats.Materials, Methods & Results: Serum samples were collected from 1055 goats of 95 properties distributed in 18 regional centers of Paraná State from April to August of 2010. Collected samples were submitted to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies with 22 reference serovars: Australis, Bratislava, Autumnalis, Butembo, Castellonis, Bataviae, Canicola, Fortbragg, Whitcombi, Cynopteri, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Panama, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Wolffi, Shermani, Tarassovi and Londrina 1 (L1). The samples were also submitted to buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) to detect anti-Brucella abortus antibodies. The results obtained from epidemiological and serological study were analysed by Epi Info 3.5.3. We observed 9.9% (104/1055) of goats reagents in at least one serovar of Leptospira spp. and no reagent animal to Brucella abortus. The variables that were statistically signif
RESUMEN
Background: Leptospirosis and brucellosis are zoonosis worldwide distributed that have great economic importance, especially in goats. This study aimed to carry out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. and anti-Brucella abortus antibodies and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection by these ethiological agents in goats.Materials, Methods & Results: Serum samples were collected from 1055 goats of 95 properties distributed in 18 regional centers of Paraná State from April to August of 2010. Collected samples were submitted to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies with 22 reference serovars: Australis, Bratislava, Autumnalis, Butembo, Castellonis, Bataviae, Canicola, Fortbragg, Whitcombi, Cynopteri, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Panama, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Wolffi, Shermani, Tarassovi and Londrina 1 (L1). The samples were also submitted to buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) to detect anti-Brucella abortus antibodies. The results obtained from epidemiological and serological study were analysed by Epi Info 3.5.3. We observed 9.9% (104/1055) of goats reagents in at least one serovar of Leptospira spp. and no reagent animal to Brucella abortus. The variables that were statistically signif
RESUMEN
Background: Leptospirosis and brucellosis are zoonosis worldwide distributed that have great economic importance, especially in goats. This study aimed to carry out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. and anti-Brucella abortus antibodies and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection by these ethiological agents in goats.Materials, Methods & Results: Serum samples were collected from 1055 goats of 95 properties distributed in 18 regional centers of Paraná State from April to August of 2010. Collected samples were submitted to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies with 22 reference serovars: Australis, Bratislava, Autumnalis, Butembo, Castellonis, Bataviae, Canicola, Fortbragg, Whitcombi, Cynopteri, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Panama, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Wolffi, Shermani, Tarassovi and Londrina 1 (L1). The samples were also submitted to buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) to detect anti-Brucella abortus antibodies. The results obtained from epidemiological and serological study were analysed by Epi Info 3.5.3. We observed 9.9% (104/1055) of goats reagents in at least one serovar of Leptospira spp. and no reagent animal to Brucella abortus. The variables that were statistically signif
RESUMEN
Tilapia is the most important group between cultivated fish. Intensive handling systems are characterized by high rate of stocking of fish making them susceptible to infectious diseases. The streptococcosis is one of the diseases that cause great economic losses. The objective of the study was to test a vaccine administered by immersion bath (b.i.) against Streptococcus agalactiae and challenge with homologous strain. For this study, 421 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with an average weight of 38.38 grams were used. They were divided into two treatments (T1 and T2) and a control group. At T1, the fish were vaccinated with one dose of vaccine by b.i., with a concentration of 5.4 x 108 CFU mL-1. The T2 received two doses of vaccine by b.i., with an interval of 25 days. The control group received a bath of ultrapure water. The fish were challenged by intraperitoneal (i.p.) with a concentration of 3.0 x 108 CFU mL-1 43 days after the first or second dose of vaccine, according to the treatment. The fish were monitored for 16 days after challenge. Compared with the control group results were obtained for T1: p = 0.0805, RR = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61 1.01) and RPS = 21%. For T2 were: p = 0.0296, RR = 0.74 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.96) and RPS = 26%. Mortality after challenge was 57 fish (40.71%) in T1, 51 (38.06%) at T2, and 76 (51.7%) in the control group. There was no significant differen
O grupo das tilápias é um dos mais importantes entre os peixes cultivados. O sistema de cultivo mais utilizado é o intensivo, caracterizado por alta taxa de estocagem de peixes tornando-os susceptíveis às doenças infecciosas. A estreptococose é uma das enfermidades que causam grandes prejuízos econômicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar uma vacina de Streptococcus agalactiae inativado aplicada por banho de imersão (b.i) e desafio com cepa homóloga. Foram utilizados 421 tilapia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) com peso médio de 38,38 gramas, distribuídas em dois tratamentos (T1 e T2) e um grupo controle. No T1, os peixes foram vacinados com uma dose da vacina por b.i., com concentração de 5,4 x 108 UFC mL-1. O T2 recebeu duas doses da mesma vacina por b.i., com intervalo de 25 dias. O grupo controle recebeu água ultrapura por b.i. Os peixes foram desafiados por via intraperitoneal (i.p.), com concentração de 3,0 x 108 UFC mL-1 43 dias após a primeira ou segunda dose da vacina, de acordo com o tratamento. Os peixes dos tratamentos e controle foram monitorados durante 16 dias após o desafio. Comparativamente ao grupo controle os resultados obtidos para o T1 foram: p = 0,0805, RR = 0,79 (IC 95%: 0,61 1,01) e RPS = 21%. Para o T2 foram: p = 0,0296, RR = 0,74 (IC 95%: 0,56 0,96) e RPS = 26%. A mortalidade após o desafio foi de 57 peixes (40,71%) no T1, 51 (38,06%) no T2, e 76
RESUMEN
Tilapia is the most important group between cultivated fish. Intensive handling systems are characterized by high rate of stocking of fish making them susceptible to infectious diseases. The streptococcosis is one of the diseases that cause great economic losses. The objective of the study was to test a vaccine administered by immersion bath (b.i.) against Streptococcus agalactiae and challenge with homologous strain. For this study, 421 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with an average weight of 38.38 grams were used. They were divided into two treatments (T1 and T2) and a control group. At T1, the fish were vaccinated with one dose of vaccine by b.i., with a concentration of 5.4 x 108 CFU mL-1. The T2 received two doses of vaccine by b.i., with an interval of 25 days. The control group received a bath of ultrapure water. The fish were challenged by intraperitoneal (i.p.) with a concentration of 3.0 x 108 CFU mL-1 43 days after the first or second dose of vaccine, according to the treatment. The fish were monitored for 16 days after challenge. Compared with the control group results were obtained for T1: p = 0.0805, RR = 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61 1.01) and RPS = 21%. For T2 were: p = 0.0296, RR = 0.74 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.96) and RPS = 26%. Mortality after challenge was 57 fish (40.71%) in T1, 51 (38.06%) at T2, and 76 (51.7%) in the control group. There was no significant differen
O grupo das tilápias é um dos mais importantes entre os peixes cultivados. O sistema de cultivo mais utilizado é o intensivo, caracterizado por alta taxa de estocagem de peixes tornando-os susceptíveis às doenças infecciosas. A estreptococose é uma das enfermidades que causam grandes prejuízos econômicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar uma vacina de Streptococcus agalactiae inativado aplicada por banho de imersão (b.i) e desafio com cepa homóloga. Foram utilizados 421 tilapia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) com peso médio de 38,38 gramas, distribuídas em dois tratamentos (T1 e T2) e um grupo controle. No T1, os peixes foram vacinados com uma dose da vacina por b.i., com concentração de 5,4 x 108 UFC mL-1. O T2 recebeu duas doses da mesma vacina por b.i., com intervalo de 25 dias. O grupo controle recebeu água ultrapura por b.i. Os peixes foram desafiados por via intraperitoneal (i.p.), com concentração de 3,0 x 108 UFC mL-1 43 dias após a primeira ou segunda dose da vacina, de acordo com o tratamento. Os peixes dos tratamentos e controle foram monitorados durante 16 dias após o desafio. Comparativamente ao grupo controle os resultados obtidos para o T1 foram: p = 0,0805, RR = 0,79 (IC 95%: 0,61 1,01) e RPS = 21%. Para o T2 foram: p = 0,0296, RR = 0,74 (IC 95%: 0,56 0,96) e RPS = 26%. A mortalidade após o desafio foi de 57 peixes (40,71%) no T1, 51 (38,06%) no T2, e 76
RESUMEN
The dairy cattle mammary gland infections cause serious economic losses to dairy farmers due to the decrease in milk production, therapeutic procedures and culling of chronic infected animals. High incidence of mastitis in herds also alters both the composition and the quality of the milk. Mastitis pathogens can also cause infections and poisoning in humans. In the last years, emphasis has been given to intramammary infections caused by the genus Prototheca which, besides their zoonotic characteristics, are considered mastitis pathogens of persistent infection and are refractory to traditional therapeutic procedures. The objective of this work was the isolation and identification of Prototheca spp. from milk samples collected from bulk tanks and milk cans, cows presenting mastitis and the dairy herd environment. Milk samples were collected from 81 bulk tanks and milk cans of 81 dairy herds. Prototheca zopfii was identified in milk samples in 10 dairy herds. From these, eight dairy herds were studied regarding Prototheca spp. mastitis and environmental occurrence as well as the main mastitis bacterial agents. Bacteria, algae and yeasts were isolated from 324 milk samples from 197 cows. P. zopfii was isolated in three dairy herds from eleven milk samples from five cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis. In these dairy herds with positive isolation of P. zopfii the agent was
As infecções da glândula mamária de vacas leiteiras acarretam sérios prejuízos ao produtor pela diminuição da produção leiteira, tratamento e descarte de animais com infecções crônicas. Elevada incidência de mastite no rebanho também altera a composição e qualidade do leite. Agentes de mastite podem causar infecções ou intoxicações no homem. Nos últimos anos tem-se dado ênfase às infecções intramamárias por algas do gênero Prototheca, agentes de infecções persistentes e refratárias à terapêutica tradicional além do caráter zoonótico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o isolamento e identificação de Prototheca spp. De amostras de leite coletadas em tanques de expansão e latões, de vacas com mastite e do ambiente dos animais. Foram coletadas 81 amostras de leite de tanques e latões de 81 propriedades. Prototheca zopfii foi identificada em amostras de tanques de 10 propriedades. Dessas propriedades foram estudadas oito quanto à ocorrência de Prototheca spp. no ambiente do rebanho e em casos de mastite, além da identificação dos principais agentes bacterianos causadores de mastite. Foram isoladas bactérias, algas e leveduras em 324 amostras de leite provenientes de 197 vacas. Em três propriedades foi isolada P. zopfii de onze amostras de leite obtidas de cinco vacas com mastite clínica e subclínica. Nestas propriedades o agente foi isolado do meio ambiente das vacas, fezes de bezerr
RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize Streptococcus spp. in Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in net-pens and earth nurseries. Eight intensive tilapia-rearing farms were investigated in north Paraná, Brazil from April 1st 2001 to April 30th 2002. The fish were reared in a system of hapas nets on four farms and in earth nurseries on other four farms. A total of 370 samples were analyzed of material collected from 120 fish (brain, liver, kidney, skin scrapes, ascites liquid and eye) that were sown on BHI agar (Brain Heart Infusion) supplemented with 1% yeast extract and sheep blood. Streptococcus spp. was isolated in 36 of the samples (18 brain, eight liver, eight kidney and two ascites liquid) from 25 fish. Streptococci were isolated in both systems, almost in the same proportion. First the streptococci were characterized by the catalase and esculin test, growth in methylene blue and sodium chloride at 6.5%. They were classified in groups by the Slidex Strepto-Kit (BioMerieux, France). The phenotypic characteristics were determined by the Api 20 Strep microtest system (BioMerieux, France). The 36 Streptococcus spp. samples did not present hemolysis and were classified as Lancefield group B. Further 16 samples were identified as Streptococcus agalactiae and 20 were not identified by the Api 20 Strep, but presented the same biochemical profile described for the reference strain of Streptococcus difficile (ND-2-22).
O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e caracterizar o Streptococcus spp. em tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivadas em sistema de tanque rede e em viveiros de terra. Oito propriedades de criação intensiva foram estudadas de 1 de abril de 2001 a 30 de abril de 2002. Em quatro propriedades, os peixes eram cultivados em sistema de tanque rede e em quatro em sistema de tanque terra. Ao todo foram analisadas 370 amostras de material colhido de 120 peixes (encéfalo, fígado, rim, raspado de pele, líquido ascítico e olho) que foram semeadas em ágar BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) contendo sangue ovino e extrato de levedura. Streptococcus spp. foi isolado de 36 amostras (18 amostras de encéfalo, oito de fígado, oito de rim e duas de líquido ascítico), provenientes de 25 peixes. Estreptococos foram isolados, quase na mesma proporção, nos dois sistemas de cultivo. Inicialmente os estreptococos foram caracterizados pela prova da catalase e esculina, crescimento em azul de metileno e NaCl a 6.5%. A classificação em grupos foi efetuada pelo Slidex Strepto-Kit (BioMerieux, França). As características fenotípicas foram determinadas pelo sistema de microtestes API 20 Strep (BioMerieux, França). As 36 amostras de estreptococos não apresentaram hemólise e foram classificadas no grupo B de Lancefield. Dessas, 16 amostras foram identificadas como Streptococcus agalactiae e 20 não foram caracterizadas pelo API 20 Strep, mas apresentaram o mesmo perfil bioquímico descrito para a cepa de referência de Streptococcus difficile (ND-2-22). A ausência de hemólise, classificação no grupo B e o perfil bioquímico sugerem que estes estreptococos podem pertencer à espécie Styreptococcus difficile.
RESUMEN
The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize Streptococcus spp. in Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in net-pens and earth nurseries. Eight intensive tilapia-rearing farms were investigated in north Paraná, Brazil from April 1st 2001 to April 30th 2002. The fish were reared in a system of hapas nets on four farms and in earth nurseries on other four farms. A total of 370 samples were analyzed of material collected from 120 fish (brain, liver, kidney, skin scrapes, ascites liquid and eye) that were sown on BHI agar (Brain Heart Infusion) supplemented with 1% yeast extract and sheep blood. Streptococcus spp. was isolated in 36 of the samples (18 brain, eight liver, eight kidney and two ascites liquid) from 25 fish. Streptococci were isolated in both systems, almost in the same proportion. First the streptococci were characterized by the catalase and esculin test, growth in methylene blue and sodium chloride at 6.5%. They were classified in groups by the Slidex Strepto-Kit (BioMerieux, France). The phenotypic characteristics were determined by the Api 20 Strep microtest system (BioMerieux, France). The 36 Streptococcus spp. samples did not present hemolysis and were classified as Lancefield group B. Further 16 samples were identified as Streptococcus agalactiae and 20 were not identified by the Api 20 Strep, but presented the same biochemical profile described for the reference strain of Streptococcus difficile (ND-2-22).
O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e caracterizar o Streptococcus spp. em tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivadas em sistema de tanque rede e em viveiros de terra. Oito propriedades de criação intensiva foram estudadas de 1 de abril de 2001 a 30 de abril de 2002. Em quatro propriedades, os peixes eram cultivados em sistema de tanque rede e em quatro em sistema de tanque terra. Ao todo foram analisadas 370 amostras de material colhido de 120 peixes (encéfalo, fígado, rim, raspado de pele, líquido ascítico e olho) que foram semeadas em ágar BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) contendo sangue ovino e extrato de levedura. Streptococcus spp. foi isolado de 36 amostras (18 amostras de encéfalo, oito de fígado, oito de rim e duas de líquido ascítico), provenientes de 25 peixes. Estreptococos foram isolados, quase na mesma proporção, nos dois sistemas de cultivo. Inicialmente os estreptococos foram caracterizados pela prova da catalase e esculina, crescimento em azul de metileno e NaCl a 6.5%. A classificação em grupos foi efetuada pelo Slidex Strepto-Kit (BioMerieux, França). As características fenotípicas foram determinadas pelo sistema de microtestes API 20 Strep (BioMerieux, França). As 36 amostras de estreptococos não apresentaram hemólise e foram classificadas no grupo B de Lancefield. Dessas, 16 amostras foram identificadas como Streptococcus agalactiae e 20 não foram caracterizadas pelo API 20 Strep, mas apresentaram o mesmo perfil bioquímico descrito para a cepa de referência de Streptococcus difficile (ND-2-22). A ausência de hemólise, classificação no grupo B e o perfil bioquímico sugerem que estes estreptococos podem pertencer à espécie Styreptococcus difficile.
RESUMEN
Two hundred primiparae cows from 12 milk properties in the west region of the São Paulo state and north region of Paraná state, were studied. About the animals studied, 86 (43%), showed infections in 140 (17,56%) quarters on the seventh day after parturition. On the first 150 days of lactation, 2372 milk samples were achived. About them, 504 (21,24%) were positive according to the bacteriological test. From the 14th day of lactations on, the microorganisms isolated more often, were the coagulase negative staphilococci (CNS) in 213 (13,52%) samples, Corynebacterium spp in 97 (6,15%) and coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) in 32 (2,03%). In the same period, the average of the somatic cell counts (SCC) in the infected quarters, were 469 x 103/ml of milk and in the negative quarters, of 79 x 103/ml of milk. In the infected quarters by SCP, Streptococcus spp, CNS and Corynebacterium spp, the average of the SCC, were of 1246 x 103, 1094 x 103, 372 x 103 and 308 x 103/ml of milk, respectively. The SCC when comparated to the opposite non afected quarters, showed significant difference (P 0,05).
Foram estudados 200 vacas primíparas, provenientes de 12 propriedades leiteiras localizadas no oeste do Estado de São Paulo e norte do Estado do Paraná. Dos animais estudados, 86 (43%) apresentaram infecção em 140 (17,56%) quartos, no 7º dia pós-parto. Nos primeiros 150 dias de lactação, foram colhidas 2372 amostras de leite. Dessas, 504 (21,24%) foram positivas no exame bacteriológico. A partir do 14º dia de lactação, os microrganismos isolados, com maior freqüência, foram os estafilococos coagulase negativos (ECN), em 213 (13,52%) amostras, Corynebacterium spp, em 97 (6,15%), e estafilococos coagulase positivos (ECP), em 32 (2,03%). No mesmo período, as médias das contagens de células somáticas (CCS), nos quartos infectados, foi de 469 x 103/ml de leite e, nos quartos negativos, de 79 x 103/ml de leite. Nos quartos infectados por ECP, Streptococcus spp, ECN e Corynebacterium spp, as médias das CCS foram de 1246 x 103, 1094 x 103 , 372 x 103 e 308 x 103/ml de leite, respectivamente. As CCS quando comparadas às dos quartos opostos não infectados, apresentaram diferença significativa (P 0,05).
RESUMEN
From 88 primiparous cows, belonging to four dairy herds, during 120 days after parturition, one thousand and eighty five milk samples collected, showed 457 (23.02%) positive microbiological results. Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated in 316 (69.14%) samples, Corynebacterium bovis in 56 (12.25%), streptococci in 41 (8.97%) and coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) in 38 (8.31%). Clinical mastitis was detected in 9 (10.23%) cows. In the first day after parturition, 57 (64.77%) animals and 114 (32.66%) quarters were bacteriologically positive. Until the 14th day there was a remarkable decrease in the number of infections in cows and in quarters, numbers which tended to stabilize later. CNS were isolated through all the experiment while the streptococci tended to disappear in the first few weeks. The infections by C. bovis steadily increased after parturition. Of CNS, S. hyicus and S. intermedius were predominant, and in the streptococci the C and D groups. The average somatic cell count (SCC) was 508.914/m img src="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v31n6/a18img01.gif"> in the infected ones and in the negative quarters It was 73.942/m img src="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v31n6/a18img01.gif">.
De 88 vacas primíparas, oriundas de quatro rebanhos leiteiros, foram colhidas 1985 amostras de leite, ao longo dos 120 dias pós-parto, das quais 457 (23,02%) apresentaram resultados microbiológicos positivos. Os estafilococos coagulase negativos (ECN) foram isolados em 316 (69,14%) amostras, Corynebacterium bovis em 56 (12,25%), estreptococos em 41 (8,97%) e estafilococos coagulase positivos (ECP) em 38 (8,31%). Mastite clínica foi detectada em nove (10,23%) vacas. No primeiro dia pós-parto, 57 (64,77%) animais e 114 (32,66%) quartos apresentaram exames bacteriológicos positivos. Até o décimo quarto dia, ocorreu um decréscimo acentuado no número de vacas e quartos infectados, que posteriormente tendeu a estabilizar. Os ECN foram as bactérias mais isoladas ao longo de todo experimento, enquanto o número de estreptococos decresceu acentuadamente nas duas primeiras semanas pós-parto. As infecções por C. bovis aumentaram progressivamente a partir do parto. Entre os ECN, predominaram o S. hyicus e o S. intermedius e, nos estreptococos, os do grupo C e D. A contagem média de células somáticas (CCS), nos quartos infectados, foi de 508,914/m img src="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v31n6/a18img01.gif">, enquanto que, nos quartos negativos, foi de 73,942/m img src="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v31n6/a18img01.gif">.
RESUMEN
From 88 primiparous cows, belonging to four dairy herds, during 120 days after parturition, one thousand and eighty five milk samples collected, showed 457 (23.02%) positive microbiological results. Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated in 316 (69.14%) samples, Corynebacterium bovis in 56 (12.25%), streptococci in 41 (8.97%) and coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) in 38 (8.31%). Clinical mastitis was detected in 9 (10.23%) cows. In the first day after parturition, 57 (64.77%) animals and 114 (32.66%) quarters were bacteriologically positive. Until the 14th day there was a remarkable decrease in the number of infections in cows and in quarters, numbers which tended to stabilize later. CNS were isolated through all the experiment while the streptococci tended to disappear in the first few weeks. The infections by C. bovis steadily increased after parturition. Of CNS, S. hyicus and S. intermedius were predominant, and in the streptococci the C and D groups. The average somatic cell count (SCC) was 508.914/m img src="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v31n6/a18img01.gif"> in the infected ones and in the negative quarters It was 73.942/m img src="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v31n6/a18img01.gif">.
De 88 vacas primíparas, oriundas de quatro rebanhos leiteiros, foram colhidas 1985 amostras de leite, ao longo dos 120 dias pós-parto, das quais 457 (23,02%) apresentaram resultados microbiológicos positivos. Os estafilococos coagulase negativos (ECN) foram isolados em 316 (69,14%) amostras, Corynebacterium bovis em 56 (12,25%), estreptococos em 41 (8,97%) e estafilococos coagulase positivos (ECP) em 38 (8,31%). Mastite clínica foi detectada em nove (10,23%) vacas. No primeiro dia pós-parto, 57 (64,77%) animais e 114 (32,66%) quartos apresentaram exames bacteriológicos positivos. Até o décimo quarto dia, ocorreu um decréscimo acentuado no número de vacas e quartos infectados, que posteriormente tendeu a estabilizar. Os ECN foram as bactérias mais isoladas ao longo de todo experimento, enquanto o número de estreptococos decresceu acentuadamente nas duas primeiras semanas pós-parto. As infecções por C. bovis aumentaram progressivamente a partir do parto. Entre os ECN, predominaram o S. hyicus e o S. intermedius e, nos estreptococos, os do grupo C e D. A contagem média de células somáticas (CCS), nos quartos infectados, foi de 508,914/m img src="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v31n6/a18img01.gif">, enquanto que, nos quartos negativos, foi de 73,942/m img src="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v31n6/a18img01.gif">.
RESUMEN
One hundred fourteen primiparous cows wre analized. They wre from nine milk properties of the west region of São Paulo sate. On the seventh day of lactation. 42 (36.84%) showed infections in 69 (41.07%) quarters. The main aetiologic agents of the intramammary infections on the seventh day were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CMS) with 53,62%, followed by Corynebacterium spp with 26r08% and coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), with 11,59% of the positive samples. From the seventh day of lactation on there was a decreasing tendency of the infections by SCN in the previously tnfected mammary quarter (r = 0,63, r2= 0,4) and simultaneously there were new infections by other pathogen in these quarter. On the 150th day, the CNS were not isolated. There was not significant difference (P3 0.05) about the number of infections by udder quarter There was significant difference (P£0rO1) between the average of the somatic cell count (SCC) of the milk samples. It. comes from the infected quarters by SCN (397 x 103/ mL) and of negative quarters (104 x 103/mL).
Foram analisadas amostras de leite da 114 vacas primiparas, de nave propriedades de leite da região oeste do Estado de São Paulo. No 7 dia de lactação, 42 (36,84%) apresentaram infecção cm 69 (41,07%) quartos mamados. Os principais agentes etiológicos das infecções intramamárias. no 7f" dia, foram os estafilococos coagulase negativos (ECN), com ocorrência de 53.62"%, seguidos peio Corynebacterium spp, com 26,08%: & estafilococos coagulase- positivos (ECP). com 11,59% das amostras positivas, A partir do 7 dia de lactação, nos quartos mamados previamente infectados, houve uma tendência decrescente das infecções por ECN, (r =0,63: r2 =0.4) e. simultaneamente, ocorreram novas infecções. por outros patúgenos, nestes mesmos quartos. Ao 150 dia, não foram isolados ECN. Não houve diferença significativa (P3O,05) entre o número de infecções por ECN, por quarto de úbere. Ocorreu diferença significativa (P£0,O1) entre a média da contagem de células somáticas (CCS) das amostras de leite. provenientes de quartos infectados por 0ÇN (3Q7 x 103/mL) e de quartos negativos (104 x 103mL).
RESUMEN
One hundred fourteen primiparous cows wre analized. They wre from nine milk properties of the west region of São Paulo sate. On the seventh day of lactation. 42 (36.84%) showed infections in 69 (41.07%) quarters. The main aetiologic agents of the intramammary infections on the seventh day were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CMS) with 53,62%, followed by Corynebacterium spp with 26r08% and coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), with 11,59% of the positive samples. From the seventh day of lactation on there was a decreasing tendency of the infections by SCN in the previously tnfected mammary quarter (r = 0,63, r2= 0,4) and simultaneously there were new infections by other pathogen in these quarter. On the 150th day, the CNS were not isolated. There was not significant difference (P3 0.05) about the number of infections by udder quarter There was significant difference (P£0rO1) between the average of the somatic cell count (SCC) of the milk samples. It. comes from the infected quarters by SCN (397 x 103/ mL) and of negative quarters (104 x 103/mL).
Foram analisadas amostras de leite da 114 vacas primiparas, de nave propriedades de leite da região oeste do Estado de São Paulo. No 7 dia de lactação, 42 (36,84%) apresentaram infecção cm 69 (41,07%) quartos mamados. Os principais agentes etiológicos das infecções intramamárias. no 7f" dia, foram os estafilococos coagulase negativos (ECN), com ocorrência de 53.62"%, seguidos peio Corynebacterium spp, com 26,08%: & estafilococos coagulase- positivos (ECP). com 11,59% das amostras positivas, A partir do 7 dia de lactação, nos quartos mamados previamente infectados, houve uma tendência decrescente das infecções por ECN, (r =0,63: r2 =0.4) e. simultaneamente, ocorreram novas infecções. por outros patúgenos, nestes mesmos quartos. Ao 150 dia, não foram isolados ECN. Não houve diferença significativa (P3O,05) entre o número de infecções por ECN, por quarto de úbere. Ocorreu diferença significativa (P£0,O1) entre a média da contagem de células somáticas (CCS) das amostras de leite. provenientes de quartos infectados por 0ÇN (3Q7 x 103/mL) e de quartos negativos (104 x 103mL).