RESUMEN
The results for the addition reactions of chiral lithium (2S)-enolates of 1,3-dioxolan-4-ones to aldehydes and to acetophenone, yielding the corresponding dioxolanone alcohols have been revised. The results reported herein differ from those reported in the literature, both in product distribution and in the stereochemical assignment of the products. In fact, in several cases no stereocontrol was observed at the C5 carbon atom of the lithium enolate. The (2S,5R,1'S)/(2S,5R,1'R) stereochemistry was also reassessed for several dioxolanone alcohols. The major conformers are considered to have an intramolecular hydrogen-bonded five-membered ring structure instead of the six-membered ring structure previously suggested for cyclic dioxolanone alcohols.
RESUMEN
Samples from ten patients with renal cell carcinomas (RCC) were examined by 1H MRS and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements. Twenty samples, ten from the tumor and ten from the surrounding healthy renal region were obtained. MRS yielded information on renal osmolytes which can be considered markers of physiological kidney function. The marked decrease of these osmolytes is a hallmark of cancer. Moreover, HPLC measurements disclosed the amino acid pattern of both healthy and neoplastic tissues. The Glu and Ea content had statistical significance. GSH was present in tumor tissues only.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Renales/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Renales/inducido químicamente , Aminoácidos/análisis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ácido Glutámico/análisis , Humanos , Riñón/química , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Taurina/análisisRESUMEN
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic technique for the determination of free amino acids in five biopsies of human brain tumors (two meningiomas, one glioblastoma and two oligodendrogliomas) is described. The frozen tissues were homogenized, deproteinized with perchloric acid and neutralized with potassium hydroxide. Aliquots of the supernatant containing the physiological amino acids are used for pre-column derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate. The derivatized PTC-amino acids (phenylthiocarbamyl derivatives) are stable for a five day period if stored as a powder at -20 degrees C in an inert atmosphere and they can be analyzed on a reversed-phase column (PicoTag) using a gradient of two eluents with absorption detection at a wavelength of 254 nm. Good resolution of several amino acids (>30) is achieved within ca. 60 min. For most amino acids this method is suitable for an accurate measurement over a wide range of physiological concentrations (50-400 pmol) starting from a very small amount of sample.