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Female C57BL/J mice with pulmonary fibrosis induced by injections of bleomycin (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally, 8 times for 4 weeks) were treated with a lignin derivative-based composition BP-C3 (80 mg/kg, daily intragastric administrations for 4 weeks). Bleomycin treatment increased the severity of pulmonary fibrosis (Ashcroft score increased from 1.43±0.20 to 4.17±0.48) and the percentage of α-SMA+ tissue (from 15.22±1.01 to 33.12±2.30%) and DNA-synthetizing nuclei (from 1.05±0.14 to 3.38±0.375). After treatment with BP-C3, we observed a tendency to a decrease in Ashcroft score (to 3.40±0.51) and a significant decrease in the percentage of α-SMA+ tissue to 24.30±1.70%; the percentage of DNA-synthetizing nuclei decreased to a lesser extent (to 3.03±0.22%). These results suggest that BP-C3 has a moderate antifibrotic activity.
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Bleomicina , Lignina , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Fibrosis Pulmonar , Animales , Bleomicina/toxicidad , Fibrosis Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Fibrosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Pulmonar/patología , Ratones , Femenino , Lignina/farmacología , Lignina/química , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/patología , Actinas/metabolismo , Actinas/genéticaRESUMEN
This work is devoted to the reconstruction of Z-pinch plasma emission spectra in the wavelength range of less than 10 Å recorded by using a crystal x-ray spectrograph at the Angara 5-1 mega-ampere facility. The spectrograph JA-1 used in experiments has a cylindrical mica crystal with dimensions of 50 × 40 mm2 and radius of curvature of 100 mm. Registration of spectra is performed on the photographic film UF-4 with dimensions of 30 × 10 mm2. To reconstruct the spectra, the previously developed method based on iterative approximation of a true spectrum shape while minimizing a residual between experimental and calculated spectrograms is used. The calculated spectrogram was obtained taking into account the instrumental function of the spectrograph. To define the instrumental function a virtual Monte-Carlo model in the Geant4 toolkit has been developed. This model takes into account the interaction of radiation with the mica crystal using dynamical theory of diffraction. A true spectrum of Z-pinch plasma radiation is reconstructed for a 16 mm high load made of two nested cylindrical wire liners. External liner with a diameter of 12 mm has 40 Al wires with a diameter of 18 µm. The internal liner with a diameter of 5 mm has 4 W wires with a diameter of 6 µm. The W wires have a sputtered layer of Re that is 0.5 µm thick.
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According to the Gompertz law, the age-dependent change in the logarithm of mortality (life-table aging rate, LAR) is equal to the population-averaged age-independent biological aging rate (γ), and LAR would be constant if aging were the only cause of mortality increase. However, LAR is influenced by population exposures to the external hazards. If they were constant, according to the Gompertz-Makeham law (GML), LAR would be below γ at lower ages and asymptotically and monotonically approach γ with increasing age. Actually, LAR trajectories derived from data on mortality in different countries and historical periods feature systematic undulations. In the present investigation, mortality-vs.-age trajectories were modeled based on a generalized GML (gGML). Unlike the canonical GML terms, which are population-specific constants, the respective terms of the gGML are represented with some population-specific functions of age. Invariant in gGML are the modes of translation of these functions into the dependency of mortality on age: linear for population exposure to the irresistible external hazards or exponential for population-averaged ability to withstand the resistible external and internal hazards. Modeling suggests that, at earlier ages, LAR undulations are attributable to changes in population exposures to the former hazards. However, only their unrealistically high levels can produce the transient increase in LAR at about 65 to 90 years. This pervasive undulation of LAR-vs.-age trajectory is rather caused by an increment in γ. Reasons to regard gGML as a genuine natural law, which defines relations between mortality, aging and environment, are discussed.
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This work is devoted to the development of a method for the reconstruction of plasma extreme UV (EUV) spectra recorded by a three frame grazing incidence spectrograph (GIS-3D). The spectrograph provides registration of radiation reflected from the diffraction grating (DG) on a three-frame detector based on a microchannel plate with a scintillator screen and registration on a CCD camera, with an exposure time of one frame of â¼1.5 ns. DG has a gold-coated spherical concave form with a radius of curvature of 2 m and dimensions of 30 × 40 × 10 mm3. In this case, radiation is incident on the DG at a grazing angle of 2°; the DG period is 1.66 µm. The new single-pass method for the reconstruction of plasma EUV spectra was developed, which solves the inverse problem of decomposing experimental signals into separate contributions from each of the diffraction orders, followed by the reconstruction of the true plasma spectrum. Using the developed method, the possibility of finding a close approximation to the shape of a DG groove profile based on a priori information about the recorded spectra was demonstrated. In order to test and demonstrate the efficiency of this method, several experimental EUV spectra obtained at the Z-pinch facility Angara-5-1 with a current of â¼3-4 MA through loads made of either tungsten wires or polypropylene fibers were reconstructed. In addition, to test the single-pass method, the transmittance of EUV in cold aluminum was measured in the wavelength range of 3-35 nm, and it has a good match with the Henke database.
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Much attention in biogerontology is paid to the deceleration of mortality rate increase with age by the end of a species-specific lifespan, e.g. after ca. 90 years in humans. Being analyzed based on the Gompertz law µ(t)=µ0e^γt with its inbuilt linearity of the dependency of lnµ on t, this is commonly assumed to reflect the heterogeneity of populations where the frailer subjects die out earlier thus increasing the proportions of those whose dying out is slower and leading to decreases in the demographic rates of aging. Using Human Mortality Database data related to France, Sweden and Japan in five periods 1920, 1950, 1980, 2018 and 2020 and to the cohorts born in 1920, it is shown by LOESS smoothing of the lnµ-vs-t plots and constructing the first derivatives of the results that the late-life deceleration of the life-table aging rate (LAR) is preceded by an acceleration. It starts at about 65 years and makes LAR at about 85 years to become 30% higher than it was before the acceleration. Thereafter, LAR decreases and reaches the pre-acceleration level at ca. 90 years. This peculiarity cannot be explained by the predominant dying out of frailer subjects at earlier ages. Its plausible explanation may be the acceleration of the biological aging in humans at ages above 65-70 years, which conspicuously coincide with retirement. The decelerated biological aging may therefore contribute to the subsequent late-life LAR deceleration. The biological implications of these findings are discussed in terms of a generalized Gompertz-Makeham law µ(t) = C(t)+µ0e^f(t).
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Aging-related disorders of tissue homeostasis may lead to excessive cell proliferation in the form of cancer and to extracellular matrix expansion in the form of fibroses. Death rates attributed to both of the conditions are decreased, according to epidemiological evidence, upon increased dietary intakes of polyphenols, including flavonoids, stilbenes, lignans, and curcuminoids. That is, polyphenols, although they have very different structures, unidirectionally influence the two opposite sides of balance in tissue homeostasis: the cells, which are able, and the extracellular matrix, which is unable to proliferate. The common features of fibroses and cancer are the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts (MF) and the epithelial- and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT and EndMT), which shift cell proportions in tissues toward MF. The increased ability of MF to produce collagen promotes fibroses in non-cancerous tissues, and EMT and EndMT enhance cancer progression. These processes are influenced by not polyphenols themselves due to their interactions with different sterically suitable targets, but by polyphenol oxidation products, which are all highly electrophilic. By binding to the SH-groups of the KEAP1 protein complexed with the NRF2 protein, they release NRF2, which is generally known as a transcription factor involved in activating the genes implicated in cell antioxidant defenses. In the present review, attention is drawn to the published data about NRF2 ability to attenuate TGFß1 signaling, which promotes fibroblasts conversion into MF and enhances EMP and EndMP, that is increases the phenotypic instability of cells. Thus, the anticarcinogenic and antifibrotic effects of polyphenols may both involve cell phenotype stabilization, which may contribute to the geroprotector effects of polyphenols.
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Neoplasias , Polifenoles , Humanos , Polifenoles/farmacología , Proteína 1 Asociada A ECH Tipo Kelch/metabolismo , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/química , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Fibrosis , HomeostasisRESUMEN
We studied the state of the DNA repair system and apoptosis in young mice carrying heterozygous inactivating mutation in the NBS1 gene (c.1971insT, p.Arg658Stop). In the peripheral blood cells of 4-month-old NBS1insT males, the %DNA in the comet tail was higher by 10% than in wild-type mice (wt) (p<0.05). In hepatocytes of NBS1insT mice, the proportion of γH2AX+ nuclear regions marking DNA double-strand breaks was lower by 2 times than in wt mice (p<0.05), which can be an indicator of less efficient DNA repair. In the kidney tissue of NBS1insT mice, a tendency towards the proapoptotic ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 protein markers was revealed against the background of their reduced expression. Thus, the disturbances detected NBS1insT mice in young age suggest that this model is promising for further studies of carcinogenesis.
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Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Proteínas Nucleares , Masculino , Ratones , Animales , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Daño del ADN/genética , Reparación del ADN/genética , ADN , Mutación , Apoptosis/genéticaRESUMEN
In this work, the first proof of the principal of an in situ diagnostics of the heavy-ion beam intensity distribution in irradiation of solid targets is proposed. In this scheme, x-ray fluorescence that occurs in the interaction of heavy-ions with target atoms is used for imaging purposes. The x-ray conversion to optical radiation and a transport-system was developed, and its first test was performed in experiments at the Universal Linear Accelerator in Darmstadt, Germany. The Au-beam intensity distribution on thin foils and Cu-mesh targets was imaged using multiple x-ray pinholes (polychromatic imaging) and 2D monochromatic imaging of Cu Kα radiation by using a toroidally bent silicon crystal. The presented results are of importance for application in experiments on the investigation of the equation of states of high energy density matter using high intensity GeV/u heavy-ion beams of ≥1010 particles/100 ns.
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Aim To study the clinical course of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in hospitalized patients after COVID-19 and to evaluate the effect of baseline characteristics of patients on the risk of complications.Material and methods The study included 209 patients with NSTEMI; 104 of them had had COVID-19. The course of myocardial infarction (MI) was analyzed at the hospital stage, including evaluation of the incidence rate of complications (fatal outcome, recurrent MI, life-threatening arrhythmias and conduction disorders, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, ischemic stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding).Results Mean age of patients after COVID-19 was 61.8±12.2 years vs. 69.0±13.0 in the comparison group (p<0.0001). The groups were comparable by risk factors, clinical data, and severity of coronary damage. Among those who have had СOVID-19, there were fewer patients of the GRACE high risk group (55.8â% vs. 74.3â%; p<0.05). Convalescent COVID-19 patients had higher levels of C-reactive protein and troponin I (p<0.05). The groups did not significantly differ in the incidence of unfavorable NSTEMI course (p>0.05). However, effects of individual factors (postinfarction cardiosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, decreased SpO2, red blood cell concentration, increased plasma glucose) on the risk of complications were significantly greater for patients after COVID-19 than for the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion Patients with NSTEMI, despite differences in clinical history and laboratory data, are characterized by a similar risk of death at the hospital stage, regardless of the past COVID-19. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences in the incidence of in-hospital complications, in general, post-COVID-19 patients showed a higher risk of complicated course of NSTEMI compared to patients who had not have COVID-19. In addition, for this category of patients, new factors were identified that previously did not exert a clinically significant effect on the incidence of complications: female gender, concentration of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 ≥200.0âU/l, concentration of С-reactive protein ≥40.0âmg/l, total protein <65âg/l. These results can be used for additional stratification of risk for cardiovascular complications in patients with MI and also for development of individual protocols for evaluation and management of NSTEMI patients with a history of COVID-19.
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COVID-19 , Infarto del Miocardio , Infarto del Miocardio sin Elevación del ST , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST , Anciano , Arritmias Cardíacas/complicaciones , COVID-19/complicaciones , COVID-19/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/etiología , Infarto del Miocardio sin Elevación del ST/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio sin Elevación del ST/diagnóstico , Infarto del Miocardio sin Elevación del ST/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , SARS-CoV-2 , Infarto del Miocardio con Elevación del ST/complicaciones , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Human lifespan is known to correlate positively with education level. In the present paper, it is explored whether there are significant differences in lifespan among those whose education may be reasonably rated as the highest possible, i.e. among scholars referred to different scientific disciplines. The publications where the lifespans of scholars were estimated against the general population are reviewed, and the estimates are compared with those derived from the Database of Persons Included in Encyclopedias (DBPE), which has been being developed by the authors since 2008 based on Wikipedia records. With all caveats associated with the peculiarities of the procedures of including biographic data in Wikipedia, the estimates derived from the latest version of DBPE correspond to earlier estimates and confirm the conclusions based on other data sources: scholars' mean age at death (MAD) and life expectancy (LE) steadily increased since the Medieval period up to the modern time, were higher than those of the general population, and where the highest among the scientific elite. An unexpected finding was that MAD and LE of economists were usually the highest, whereas those of the mathematicians were lowest compared with specialists in other research fields. The difference between the two extreme cases ranges from ca. 3 to 5 years in different historical periods. Further examination of the difference between the extremes may reveal what factors behind it may be at work generally, even though they manifest themselves less overtly in other cases.
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Esperanza de Vida , Longevidad , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the relationship between the activity of proteolytic enzymes (cathepsin D and calpains) and the dynamics of the fluorescence intensity of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in the rats' skeletal muscles in relation to the time of death. The proteolytic activity of enzymes in rat skeletal muscle was determined at the postmortem time points corresponding to the most significant changes in the dynamics of coenzymes NADH and FAD fluorescence intensity. The proteolytic enzymes activity was found to be low during the period of increasing intensity of NADH fluorescence observed within 3 hours after death. An increase in the activity of proteolytic enzymes was registered in 4.5 hours after death which corresponds to the initial point of decrease in NADH fluorescence intensity. In 24 hours post-mortem, corresponding to increased FAD fluorescence intensity a significant decrease in the activity of calpains was found. The results of the study suggest that the nature of the postmortem dynamics of the fluorescence intensity of coenzymes is largely due to the peculiarities of intracellular proteolysis. The study results suggest that the pattern of post mortem changes in coenzyme fluorescence intensity is largely attributable to the specifics of intracellular proteolysis. The relationship between coenzyme fluorescence and molecular mechanisms of cell death confirms the viability and feasibility of laser-induced spectroscopy for post-mortem changes assessment when determining the time of death.
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Flavina-Adenina Dinucleótido , NAD , Animales , Músculo Esquelético , Péptido Hidrolasas , Proteolisis , RatasRESUMEN
We report on a precision energy loss measurement and theoretical investigation of 100 keV/u helium ions in a hydrogen-discharge plasma. Collision processes of helium ions with protons, free electrons, and hydrogen atoms are ideally suited for benchmarking plasma stopping-power models. Energy loss results of our experiments are significantly higher than the predictions of traditional effective charge models. We obtained good agreement with our data by solving rate equations, where in addition to the ground state, also excited electronic configurations were considered for the projectile ions. Hence, we demonstrate that excited projectile states, resulting from collisions, leading to capture-, ionization-, and radiative-decay processes, play an important role in the stopping process in plasma.
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Never before in history, aging was such a significant factor for epidemics as it is now for the current COVID-19 pandemic, which features a drastic shift of mortality towards older ages. Our analysis of data on COVID-19-related mortality in Spain, Italy, and Sweden has shown that, in the range of 30 to 90 years of age, each dependency of the logarithm of mortality upon age is linear, and all regression lines are strictly parallel to those related to the total mortality in accordance with the Gompertz law. In all cases, irrespective of the stage and place of epidemic, mortality doubling time in this age range is close to 7,5 years. The rates of being infected with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and of being diagnosed due to the symptomatic manifestations of the infection are dependent on age to a far lesser degree. With account for these observations, three messages are put forth: 1) Older persons are the principal victims of both SARS-CoV-2 and measures undertaken to control its spread; 2) Older persons are not the principal driving force of SARS-CoV-2 spread; 3) Older persons can and should be engaged in combating the pandemic and its consequences; however, not via selective social distancing and other discriminative measures. People aged over 65 years constitute a significant part of the current population. They have specific interests and needs, which deserve no less respect than those of any other age group. This includes the right for the quality of life that remains sustained under the emergency conditions. Since the prospects for controlling the SARS-CoV-2 are dubious, those in charge of decisions concerning «people aged above 65¼ should mind that currently, unlike in the medieval ages, 65+ is the individual future of almost everyone.
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Envejecimiento , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Anciano , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/mortalidad , Humanos , Neumonía Viral/mortalidad , Teoría SocialRESUMEN
Ribosome-binding factor A (RbfA) from Staphylococcus aureus is a cold adaptation protein that is required for the growth of pathogenic cells at low temperatures (10-15°C). RbfA is involved in the processing of 16S rRNA, as well as in the assembly and stabilization of the small 30S ribosomal subunit. Structural studies of the 30S-RbfA complex will help to better understand their interaction, the mechanism of such complexes, and the fundamental process such as 30S subunit assembly that determines and controls the overall level of protein biosynthesis. This article describes protocols for preparation of RbfA and the small 30S ribosomal subunits and reconstitution and optimization of the 30S-RbfA complex to obtain samples suitable for cryo-electron microscopy studies.
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Microscopía por Crioelectrón/métodos , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Proteínas Ribosómicas/metabolismo , Subunidades Ribosómicas Pequeñas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Frío , Técnicas In Vitro , Modelos Moleculares , Proteínas Ribosómicas/química , Subunidades Ribosómicas Pequeñas Bacterianas/química , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Aim of the study is to identify patterns of variations of the fluorescence intensity of NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and FAD (oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide) in the skeletal muscle depending on the time since death. For the evaluation of fluorescence intensity of the studied coenzymes, laser-induced spectroscopy in situ was used. We revealed the dynamic of the fluorescence intensity of NADH and FAD in the skeletal muscle of a rat at different times during the post-mortem period, and theoretically justified the observed phenomena. The results obtained allow us to consider the studied indicators as a potential criterion for determining the post-mortem interval.
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Flavina-Adenina Dinucleótido/análisis , Fluorescencia , Músculo Esquelético/enzimología , NAD/análisis , Cambios Post Mortem , Animales , Autopsia , RatasRESUMEN
To analyze experimental data on the effect of various polyphenolic compounds on lifespan of mice, we approximated survival curves with the Gompertz model in its minimal form, which does not account for the heterogeneity of samples and the age-independent mortality. The plots of regressions of logï0 (logarithm of the initial mortality) on ï§ (the rate of aging) in series of control samples were used to assess the deviations of vectors directed from control to experimental data from the slopes of the control regressions. The analysis of published data suggests that resveratrol, polyphenol-containing grape skin extract, metformin, tocopherol, and the antioxidant SkQ1 do not produce changes beyond those possible upon comparing of different samples of a control population. The effect of the polyphenolic composition BP-C3 on female SHR mice is unique in being associated with a significant decrease in the rate of aging. The effect may be partly contributed to by the antioxidant properties of BP-C3. Its antioxidant capacity determined in vitro is comparable with that of established antioxidants, such as dihydroquercetin. Its effects in vivo include the ability to ameliorate reduction in the peroxide-decomposing activity of RBC lysates from male BALB/c mice treated with 5-fluorouracil.
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Longevidad , Polifenoles , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Femenino , Longevidad/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Polifenoles/farmacología , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
The protein synthesis in cells occurs in ribosomes, with the involvement of protein translational factors. One of these translational factors is the elongation factor P (EF-P). EF-P is a three-domain protein that binds between the P and E sites of the ribosome, near the P-tRNA, the peptidyl transferase center, and E-site codon of the mRNA. The majority of studies showed that the EF-P helps the ribosome to synthesize stalling amino acid motifs, such as polyprolines. In the first part of this review, we inspect the general evolutionary variety of the EF-P in different organisms, the problems of the regulation provided by the EF-P, and its role in the sustainability of the protein balance in the cell in different physiological states. Although the functions of the EF-P have been well studied, there are still some problems that remain to be solved. The data from recent studies contradict the previous theories. Consequently, in the second part, we discuss the recent data that suggest the involvement of the EF-P in each translocation event, not only in those related to poly-proline synthesis. This activity contradicts some aspects of the known pathway of the removal of the E-tRNA during the translocation event. In addition, in the third part of this review, we tried to partly shift the interest from the antistalling activity of domain I of the EF-P to the action of domain III, the functions of which has not been closely studied. We expand on the idea about the involvement of domain III of the EF-P in preventing the frameshift and debate the EF-P's evolutionary history.
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Evolución Molecular , Factores de Elongación de Péptidos/metabolismo , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Animales , Humanos , Factores de Elongación de Péptidos/química , ARN de Transferencia/genética , ARN de Transferencia/metabolismo , Ribosomas/química , Ribosomas/metabolismoRESUMEN
When mortality (µ), aging rate (γ) and age (t) are treated according to the Gompertz model µ(t) = µ0eγt (GM), any mean age corresponds to a manifold of paired reciprocally changing µ0 and γ. Therefore, any noisiness of data used to derive GM parameters makes them negatively correlated. Besides this artifactual factor of the Strehler-Mildvan correlation (SMC), other factors emerge when the age-independent mortality C modifies survival according to the Gompertz-Makeham model µ(t) = C+µ0eγt (GMM), or body resources are partitioned between survival and protection from aging [the compensation effect of mortality (CEM)]. Theoretical curves in (γ, logµ0) coordinates show how µ0 decreases when γ increases upon a constant mean age. Within a species-specific range of γ, such "isoage" curves look as nearly parallel straight lines. The slopes of lines constructed by applying GM to survival curves modeled according to GMM upon changes in C are greater than the isoage slopes. When CEM is modeled, the slopes are still greater. Based on these observations, CEM is shown to contribute to SMC associated with sex differences in lifespan, with the effects of several life-extending drugs, and with recent trends in survival/mortality patterns in high-life-expectancy countries; whereas changes in C underlie differences between even high-life-expectancy countries, not only between high- and low-life-expectancy countries. Such interpretations make sense only if GM is not merely a statistical model, but rather reflects biological realities. Therefore, GM is discussed as derivable by applying certain constraints to a natural law termed the generalized Gompertz-Makeham law.
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Envejecimiento , Longevidad , Modelos Biológicos , Mortalidad , Animales , HumanosRESUMEN
Melatonin was administered at the dose of 1,2 mcg per capita (an equivalent to pediatric dosages) at days 1, 3 and 5 postpartum to 129/Sv mice, which were followed thereafter till their natural deaths. In adult males, findings included a decrease in body weight and an increase in the contribution of pulmonary lesions, which were revealed upon postmortem examinations, to the overall mortality. In adult females, no changes in body weight occurred, the proportion of middle- and late-age mice having irregular estrous cycles increased, and mortality associated with uterine hemangiomas was accelerated. Trends in malignant tumor yields were different: a decrease in males and an increase in females. Tends in survival patterns were expressed as significant increases or decreases in the lifespans of the last 25% and 10% of male or female survivors respectively. An analysis of the complete survivorships curves in terms of the Gompertz model showed that changes in the initial mortality and aging rate were within the limits determined by the artifactual component of the Strehler-Mildvan correlation between these parameters. On a whole, the trends found in the present work were opposite in males and females being mostly favorable for the former and adverse for the latter. Gender specificity should be kept in mind upon considering the use of melatonin by children and their mothers.
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Antioxidantes , Longevidad , Melatonina , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Peso Corporal , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Melatonina/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
We draw attention to recent high-explosive (HE) experiments which provide compression of macroscopic amount of matter to high, even record, values of pressure in comparison with other HE experiments. The observed bounce after the compression corresponds to processes in core-collapse supernova explosions after neutrino trapping. Conditions provided in the experiments resemble those in core-collapse supernovae, permitting their use for laboratory astrophysics. A unique feature of the experiments is compression at low entropy. The values of specific entropy are close to those obtained in numerical simulations during the process of collapse in supernova explosions, and much lower than those obtained at laser ignition facilities, another type of high-compression experiment. Both in supernovae and HE experiments the bounce occurs at low entropy, so the HE experiments provide a new platform to realize some supernova collapse effects in laboratory, especially to study hydrodynamics of collapsing flows and the bounce. Due to the good resolution of diagnostics in the compression of macroscopic amounts of material with essential effects of nonideal plasma in EOS, and observed development of 3D instabilities, these experiments may serve as a useful benchmark for astrophysical hydrodynamic codes.