Combination of Neovestitol and Vestitol Modifies the Profile of Periodontitis-Related Subgingival Multispecies Biofilm.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of neovestitol-vestitol (CNV) compounds obtained from Brazilian red propolis on the microbiological profile of a mature multispecies subgingival biofilm. The biofilm with 32 bacterial species associated with periodontitis was formed for seven days using a Calgary device. Treatment with CNV (1600, 800, 400, and 200 µg/mL), amoxicillin (54 µg/mL), and vehicle control was performed for 24 h on the last day of biofilm formation. Biofilm metabolic activity and DNA-DNA hybridization (checkerboard) assays were performed. The groups treated with CNV 1600 and amoxicillin reduced 25 and 13 species, respectively, compared to the control vehicle treatment (p ≤ 0.05); both reduced P. gingivalis, while only CNV reduced T. forsythia. When the data from the two treatments (CNV and AMOXI) were compared, a statistically significant difference was observed in 13 species, particularly members of Socransky's orange complex. Our results showed that CNV at 1600 µg/mL showed the best results regarding the metabolic activity of mature biofilms and obtained a reduction in species associated with the disease, such as T. forsythia, showing a better reduction than amoxicillin. Therefore, CNV seems to be a promising alternative to eradicate biofilms and reduce their pathogenicity.

Effect of seasonality and estuarine waters on the phytoplankton of the Guamá River (Belém, Amazon, Brazil).

This study aimed to analyze the application of the Phytoplankton Community Index-PCI and Functional Groups-FG in determining the water quality of the Guamá River (Pará, Amazônia, Brazil). Samplings occurred monthly for analyses of phytoplankton and physical and chemical parameters, for two years, at the station where water was collected for human supply consumption. Seasonality influenced electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, transparency, winds, true color, and N-ammoniacal. The ebb tide showed high turbidity and suspended solids. The density varied seasonally with the highest values occurring in September and December (61.1 ind mL-1 and 60.2 ind mL-1, respectively). Chlorophyll-a was more elevated in December (21.0 ± 4.7 µg L-1) and chlorophyll-c higher in relation to clorophyll- b indicated the dominance of diatoms. Functional Group P prevailed in the study months. Through the PCI índex the waters of Guamá River varied from reasonable to excellent and the TSI ranged from oligo to mesotrophic. The use of Functional Groups proved to be a promising tool in the determination of water quality since it covered the most abundant species in the Environment, but the PCI is not adequate to characterize Amazonian white-waters rivers, which have diatoms as the leading dominant group.

A biomarker approach to study the effects of polluted Brazilian urban reservoirs in a native fish.

Two of the largest water reservoirs in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil (MRSP), named Billings and Guarapiranga, are facing high levels of anthropic impact. This is evidenced by the presence of contaminants and pollutants, which are deteriorating their water quality. Therefore, this study evaluated antioxidant defense enzymes, lipoperoxidation and genotoxicity, in adult females of a native species, Astyanax altiparanae from the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs. The study also aimed to evaluate these biomarkers during two different periods of the year, the rainy (summer) and dry (winter) seasons. The oxidative stress was evaluated by the activity of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the gills and liver, and the occurrence of lipoperoxidation was also evaluated in both organs. The genotoxicity was assessed by performing comet assay, micronucleus, and nuclear abnormality tests on blood samples. The results showed that fish from both reservoirs are subjected to oxidative stress and genotoxic damage, mainly during winter, but fish living in Billings showed greater alterations than fish from Guarapiranga. Likewise, the results of the principal component analysis suggested that caffeine, nitrogenous compounds, and some metals might be triggering these toxic effects in fish.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico e desfecho de pessoas idosas hospitalizadas por COVID-19 / Clinical-epidemiological profile and outcome of old people hospitalized for COVID-19

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e desfecho de pessoas idosas hospitalizados por COVID-19 no Hospital Universitário do Piauí. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional, transversal, realizado com dados secundários envolvendo 137 prontuários de pacientes idosos internados por COVID-19 no HU durante o período de abril a dezembro de 2020. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2021. Utilizou-se um formulário formado por questões equivalentes aos dados sociodemográficos e epidemiológicos dos pacientes idosos. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o Software estatístico SPSS versão 25. Resultados Observou-se que o "uso de ventilação mecânica" (Odds Ratio: 35,96 [10,23-126,47]) e "tipo de leito de internação" (Odds Ratio: 9,40 [2,69-32,82]) foram as variáveis que melhor explicam os óbitos sendo preditoras independentes para esse desfecho. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a quantidade de comorbidades (p=0,007), a presença de manifestações clínicas (p=0,003), a quantidade de manifestações clínicas (p=0,003) e óbito. O menor tempo de sobrevida foi associado à internação em UTI e uso de ventilação mecânica (p=0,000). Conclusão: Os resultados do estudo evidenciam que a presença de fatores de risco para a COVID-19, manifestações clínicas da doença, estavam internados em leitos de UTI, em uso de VM e os que apresentavam idade superior tiveram piores desfechos. Descritores: Perfil de saúde; Saúde do idoso; Coronavirus. COVID-19.

Objective: To describe the clinical-epidemiological profile and outcome of old people hospitalized for COVID-19 at the University Hospital of Piauí. Methods:An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out with secondary data involving 137 medical records of old patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the UH during the period from April to December 2020. Data were collected in August and September 2021. Aform consisting of questions equivalent to the sociodemographic and epidemiological data of old patients was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 25. Results: It was observed that the "use of mechanical ventilation" (Odds Ratio: 35.96 [10.23-126.47]) and "type of hospitalization bed" (Odds Ratio: 9.40 [2.69-32.82]) were the variables that best explain the deaths being independent predictors for this outcome. There was a statistically significant association between the number of comorbidities (p=0.007), the presence of clinical manifestations (p=0.003), the number of clinical manifestations (p=0.003) and death. The shorter survival time was associated with ICU admission and use of mechanical ventilation (p=0.000). Conclusion: The results of the study show that the presence of risk factors for COVID-19, clinical manifestations of the disease, to be admitted to ICU beds, using MV and those who were older had worse outcomes. Descriptors: Health profile; Health of old people; Coronavirus. COVID-19.

Multiple biomarkers response of Astyanax lacustris (Teleostei: Characidae) exposed to manganese and temperature increase.

The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Mn (6.65 mg/L) at different exposure times (96 h, 7, 14, and 21 days) and evaluate its possible toxic effects on the fish Astyanax lacustris through multi-biomarkers and the maximum critical temperature (CT Max). The results show an increase in the Mn accumulation (liver and gills) with increasing exposure time. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed differences in the group exposed to Mn for 96 h compared to the group exposed for 21 days. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity increased in the fish exposed for 7 days compared to the control group. On the other hand, no genotoxic changes were observed. The CT Max showed that the loss of equilibrium of 50% of the fish occurs at a temperature of 39ºC, with and without the Mn presence. Furthermore, the catalase gene expression (oxidative stress) did not show alterations.

Heating Capacity and Biocompatibility of Hybrid Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Treatment.

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and has been responsible for millions of deaths. However, developing a satisfactory smart multifunctional material combining different strategies to kill cancer cells poses a challenge. This work aims at filling this gap by developing a composite material for cancer treatment through hyperthermia and drug release. With this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles were coated with a polymer matrix consisting of poly (L-co-D,L lactic acid-co-trimethylene carbonate) and a poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction confirmed magnetite to be the only iron oxide in the sample. Cytotoxicity and heat release assays on the hybrid nanoparticles were performed here for the first time. The heat induction results indicate that these new magnetic hybrid nanoparticles are capable of increasing the temperature by more than 5 °C, the minimal temperature rise required for being effectively used in hyperthermia treatments. The biocompatibility assays conducted under different concentrations, in the presence and in the absence of an external alternating current magnetic field, did not reveal any cytotoxicity. Therefore, the overall results indicate that the investigated hybrid nanoparticles have a great potential to be used as carrier systems for cancer treatment by hyperthermia.

«Quem confia em polícia?¼: As atitudes dos adolescentes frente à autoridade policial / "Who trusts the police?": Adolescents' attitudes towards police authority

Resumo Pesquisas têm destacado a importância da confiança entre cidadãos e autoridades para o reconhecimento das leis e a manutenção da ordem democrática. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi investigar os elementos que contribuem para a construção da confiança na polícia. Foi aplicado um questionário numa amostra de 743 adolescentes na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil e empregamos uma análise de regressão ordinal multinível. Os resultados indicam que os adolescentes de escolas públicas e com maior número de experiências indiretas com a polícia confiam menos na polícia; por outro lado, quando acreditam em um tratamento justo e respeitoso tendem a confiar mais. Nesse sentido, adotar uma estratégia consensual para trabalhar com o público adolescente pode ser um caminho para a construção de laços de confiança com a instituição policial.

Abstract (analytical) Research has underlined the importance of trust between citizens and authorities to achieve the recognition of laws and maintain democratic order. The aim of this article was to investigate the elements that contribute to building trust of police. A survey was conducted with a sample of 743 adolescents in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The data was analysed through multilevel ordinal regression analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that adolescents from public schools and those who have experiences with the police have lower levels of trust. On the contrary, when adolescents have received fair and respectful treatment from the police, they demonstrate higher levels of trust. Adopting a consensual approach when working with adolescents might be a way for them to build a trustbased relationship with the police.

Resumen (analítico) Las investigaciones han destacado la importancia de la confianza entre ciudadanos y autoridades para el reconocimiento de las leyes y el mantenimiento del orden democrático. Así que el objetivo de este artículo fue investigar los elementos que contribuyen a generar confianza en la policía. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 743 adolescentes de la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil, y se realizó un análisis de regresión ordinal multinivel. Los resultados indican que los adolescentes de escuelas públicas y los que tienen un mayor número de experiencias indirectas con la policía confían menos en ella; en cambio, cuando creen en un trato justo y respetuoso, tienden a confiar más. Por lo tanto, adoptar una estrategia consensuada para trabajar con adolescentes puede ser una forma de construir lazos de confianza con la institución policial.

[Quality of systematic reviews of COVID-19 in people with diabetes: A systematic review]. / Calidad de las revisiones sistemáticas de COVID-19 en personas con diabetes: una revisión sistemática.

Objective: To investigate the methodological quality of published systematic reviews of factors associated with COVID-19 in people with diabetes. Method: Systematic review with registration protocol in PROSPERO, under the number CRD42020222418. Searches were carried out from October to November 2020 in the databases of the Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Embase and Cochrane Library, in addition to searching the reference list of the selected studies. Systematic review studies with or without meta-analysis and without date and language restrictions were included. Data were extracted in a standardized way and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews scale. Results: Twelve reviews, published between 2020 and 2021, with a predominance of the English language, systematic reviews of observational studies with meta-analysis with a sample ranging from 6 to 83 studies, were included. Regarding financing, most of the study reported did not receive this type of support. Regarding to the assessment of the methodological quality of the studies, 3 were of moderate quality, 5 were classified as low quality and 3 with critically low quality. Conclusions: The analyzed articles presented a bias in the preparation of reports on their studies, suggesting the need to use mechanisms to improve adherence to the established reporting guidelines and methodological evaluation tools.

Factors that Moderate the Effect of Nitrate Ingestion on Exercise Performance in Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses and Meta-Regressions.

To identify how variables such as exercise condition, supplementation strategy, participant characteristics and demographics, and practices that control oral microbiota diversity could modify the effect of inorganic nitrate ingestion (as nitrate salt supplements, beetroot juice, and nitrate-rich vegetables) on exercise performance, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis. Studies were identified in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of inorganic nitrate on exercise performance in healthy adults. To assess the variation in effect size, we used meta-regression models for continuous variables and subgroup analysis for categorical variables. A total of 123 studies were included in this meta-analysis, comprising 1705 participants. Nitrate was effective for improving exercise performance (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.101; 95% CI: 0.051, 0.151, P <0.001, I2 = 0%), although nitrate salts supplementation was not as effective (P = 0.629) as ingestion via beetroot juice (P <0.001) or a high-nitrate diet (P = 0.005). Practices that control oral microbiota diversity influenced the nitrate effect, with practices harmful to oral bacteria decreasing the ergogenic effect of nitrate. The ingestion of nitrate was most effective for exercise lasting between 2 and 10 min (P <0.001). An inverse dose-response relation between the fraction of inspired oxygen and the effect size (coefficient: -0.045, 95% CI: -0.085, -0.005, P = 0.028) suggests that nitrate was more effective in increasingly hypoxic conditions. There was a dose-response relation for acute administration (P = 0.049). The most effective acute dose was between 5 and 14.9 mmol provided ≥150 min prior to exercise (P <0.001). An inverse dose-response for protocols ≥2 d was observed (P = 0.025), with the optimal dose between 5 and 9.9 mmol·d-1 (P <0.001). Nitrate, via beetroot juice or a high-nitrate diet, improved exercise performance, in particular, in sessions lasting between 2 and 10 min. Ingestion of 5-14.9 mmol⋅d-1 taken ≥150 min prior to exercise appears optimal for performance gains and athletes should be aware that practices controlling oral microbiota diversity may decrease the effect of nitrate.

Gene expression changes in Epinephelus marginatus (Teleostei, Serranidae) liver reveals candidate molecular biomarker of iron ore contamination.

Wastes from iron ore mining activities are potentially damaging to adjacent aquatic ecosystems. We aimed to determine biomarkers of environmental exposure to this xenobiotic in the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus by differential gene expression analysis. For this, fish were exposed to iron ore (15.2 mg/L) and gene expression in liver was assessed by RNA-Seq and compared to the control group. A total of 124 differentially expressed genes were identified, from which 52 were upregulated and 72 were downregulated in response to iron ore. From these, ferritin (medium subunit), cytochrome b reductase and epoxide hydrolase genes were selected for validation by RT-qPCR that confirmed the upregulation of epoxide hydrolase in fish exposed to iron ore.

Cycle ergometer training and resistance training similarly increase muscle strength in trained men.

The aim of this study was to compare two different maximal intensity exercise modality training protocols of similar durations on muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lower limb composition in recreationally trained men. Twenty-five trained men (28.9 ± 5.6 years) were randomly divided into Cycle ergometer (4 sets of 30 seconds sprints) and Leg press (4 sets of 10-12 repetitions to momentary failure). Both groups trained three times a week for 5 weeks. Before and after the training period, the participants performed a 10-repetition maximum (10RM) test for knee extension, an incremental exercise test on a treadmill for time to exhaustion (TTE) and peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak) and underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess lower limb composition. Knee extension 10RM and TTE increased in both groups with no statistically significant between group (p = 0.614 and p = 0.210). Only cycle ergometer group increased V˙O2peak (p = 0,012). For all lower limb composition outcomes, changes were minimal. The results suggest that 5 weeks of effort and duration matched exercise protocols using cycle ergometer training or leg press may produce similar strength adaptations.

Biodiversity and interannual variation of cyanobacteria density in an estuary of the brazilian Amazon.

The influence of environmental variables on planktonic biodiversity is widely known. However, the absence of information about the cyanobacterial community in tropical estuarine regions motivated this work, whose objective was to investigate the spatio-temporal variation of cyanobacterial density related to physicochemical factors in a Brazilian Amazonian estuary. For the qualitative and quantitative study of cyanobacteria and physicochemical variables, samples were collected in April/July/2009 and April/August/2010. We identified 31 species of the orders Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales and Nostocales. Species of the genera Aphanocapsa, Dolichospermum, Komvophoron, Microcystis, Pseudanabaena and Merismopedia were frequent and abundant throughout the study period. Some of the found genera have already been described as potential toxin producers. The dynamics of cyanobacteria were temporal, the highest densities occurred in 2010 (average= 1080.86 ± 702.86 cells.mL-1) mainly influenced by the high values of pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, ammonium nitrogen which led cyanobacteria to present different responses in terms of richness, density and diversity between the years.

Saúde da população negra e as ações educativas de uma escola do SUS em tempos de pandemia da covid-19 / Health of the black population and the educational actions of school from the unified health system during covid-19 pandemic / Salud de la población negra y acciones educativas de una escuela SUS en tiempos de la pandemia de covid-19

O estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar a necessidade de construção de propostas educativas que discutam o lugar do negro na sociedade brasileira e sua relação intrínseca com as determinações sociais de saúde, no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. Trata-se de um relato de experiência da primeira turma do Curso de Atualização em Cuidado à Saúde da População Negra, desenvolvido pela Escola de Saúde Pública da Bahia Professor Jorge Novis (ESPBA), em parceria com a Diretoria de Gestão do Cuidado (DGC). O referido curso nasceu da necessidade de investir na implementação da política voltada para esse segmento social. No processo de estruturação do curso, foram realizadas reuniões com atores sociais relevantes, potenciais docentes, escolhidos pela aproximação com a temática e experiência com movimentos e causas sociais. No âmbito do SUS, as Escolas de Governo são responsáveis pelos processos formativos dos trabalhadores da saúde, sob a perspectiva da educação permanente. A inserção da temática da saúde da população negra nos currículos trabalhados se tornou imagem-objetivo a ser alcançada pela instituição, não apenas a partir dos cursos desenvolvidos, mas também com a realização de um estudo piloto para enfrentamento da Covid-19 em comunidades quilombolas do estado. Reconhecendo o racismo como um dos determinantes sociais do processo de adoecimento e morte, defende-se que gestores e profissionais de saúde tenham acesso a ações educativas que oportunizem a reflexão sobre os processos sócio-históricos de construção da nossa sociedade, ampliem o conhecimento sobre a saúde da população negra e a importância do preenchimento do quesito raça/cor em todos os protocolos da rede SUS.

The study aims to emphasize the need to build educational proposals that discuss the place of blacks in Brazilian society and their intrinsic relationship with social determinations of health, in the context of the pandemic of Covid-19. This is an experience report of the first class of the Course on Updating Health Care for the Black Population, developed by Escola de Saúde Pública da Bahia Professor Jorge Novis (ESPBA), in partnership with the Department of Care Management (DGC). This course arises from the need to invest in the implementation of the policy aimed at this social segment. In the process of structuring the course, meetings were held with relevant social actors, potential teachers, chosen by the approach to the theme and experience with social movements and causes. Within the scope of the Unified Health System, the Schools of Government are responsible for the training processes of health workers, from the perspective of Permanent Education. The insertion of the theme of health of the black population in the curricula worked became an objective image to be achieved by the institution, not only from the courses developed, but also with the realization of a pilot study to confront Covid-19 in quilombola communities of the state. Recognizing racism as one of the social determinants of the process of illness and death, the article argues that managers and health professionals have access to educational actions that enable them to reflect on the socio-historical processes of building our society, expand knowledge about the health of the black population and the importance of filling the question race/color in all protocols of the Unified Health System Network.

Este estudio propone identificar la necesidad de construir propuestas educativas que discutan el lugar de los negros en la sociedad brasileña y su relación intrínseca con las determinaciones sociales de la salud, en el contexto de la pandemia de covid-19. Este es un relato de experiencia de la primera clase del Curso de Actualización de la Atención de Salud para la Población Negra, desarrollado por la Escola de Saúde Pública da Bahia Professor Jorge Novis (ESPBA) en colaboración con la Dirección de Gestión de la Atención (DGC). Este curso surge de la necesidad de invertir en la implementación de políticas dirigidas a este segmento social. En el proceso de estructuración del curso, se realizaron encuentros con actores sociales relevantes, potenciales docentes, elegidos por acercarse al abordaje del tema y por la experiencia con los movimientos y causas sociales. En el ámbito del SUS, las Escuelas de Gobierno son las responsables de los procesos de formación de los trabajadores de la salud, desde la perspectiva de la educación permanente. La inserción del tema salud de la población negra en los planes de estudio trabajados se convirtió en una imagen objetivo a alcanzar por la institución no solo a partir de los cursos desarrollados, sino también con la realización de un estudio piloto para enfrentar el covid-19 en comunidades quilombolas del estado. Al reconocer el racismo como uno de los determinantes sociales del proceso de enfermedad y muerte, se propugna que los gestores y profesionales de la salud tengan acceso a acciones educativas que les permitan reflexionar sobre los procesos sociohistóricos de construcción de nuestra sociedad, para ampliar el conocimiento sobre la salud de la población negra y la importancia de llenar la pregunta raza/color en todos los protocolos de la Red SUS.

Atendimento ao adulto em parada cardiorrespiratória: intervenção educativa para estudantes leigos / Care of adults at cardiorrespiratory stop: educational intervention for lay students

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa, no contexto do ensino médio, sobre o tema parada cardiorrespiratória em adultos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, do tipo antes e depois, com abordagem quantitativa desenvolvido entre fevereiro a novembro de 2019 em uma escola da rede pública do município de Fortaleza, Ceará. Resultados: Inicialmente foram recrutados 30 estudantes, porém 10 estudantes se encaixavam dentro dos critérios de inclusão, sendo esta a amostra final. Para a realização do estudo foi utilizado um questionário estruturado, de autoria dos pesquisadores, composto por 10 perguntas objetivas. Após a intervenção educativa e análise dos dados, foi obtida uma média de acertos de 7,225 no pós-teste comprovando através dos números a eficiência da educação em saúde realizada, pois inicialmente a média apresentada foi 4,375. Conclusão: Constatou-se que os estudantes possuíam conhecimento referente ao suporte básico de vida insuficiente, porém com grande capacidade para aprendizagem, sendo a escola um ambiente favorável para práticas educativas sobre a temática. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention, in the context of high school, on the theme cardiorespiratory arrest in adults. Methods: Quasi-experimental study, before and after, with quantitative approach developed between February and November 2019 in a public school in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. Results: Initially, 30 students were recruited, but 10 met the inclusion criteria, which was the final sample. To carry out the study, a structured questionnaire was used, authored by the researchers, composed of 10 objective questions. After the educational intervention and data analysis, an average of 7,225 correct answers were obtained in the post-test, proving through the numbers the efficiency of health education performed, since initially the average presented was 4,375. Conclusion: It was found that the students had knowledge related to insufficient basic life support, but with great learning capacity, and the school was a favorable environment for educational practices on the subject. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa, en el contexto de la escuela secundaria, sobre el tema del paro cardiorrespiratorio en adultos. Métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, antes y después, con un enfoque cuantitativo desarrollado entre febrero y noviembre de 2019 en una escuela pública de la ciudad de Fortaleza, Ceará. Resultados: Inicialmente, se reclutaron 30 estudiantes, pero 10 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, que fue la muestra final. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado, escrito por los investigadores, compuesto por 10 preguntas objetivas. Luego de la intervención educativa y el análisis de datos, se obtuvo un promedio de 7,225 respuestas correctas en la prueba posterior, demostrando a través de los números la eficiencia de la educación en salud realizada, ya que inicialmente el promedio presentado fue de 4,375. Conclusión: Se encontró que los estudiantes tenían conocimientos relacionados con un apoyo básico insuficiente para la vida, pero con una gran capacidad de aprendizaje, y la escuela era un ambiente favorable para las prácticas educativas sobre el tema. (AU)

Gene Expression Changes in Epinephelus marginatus (Teleostei, Serranidae) Liver as Molecular Biomarker of Iron Ore Contamination.

The aim of this study was to determine selected molecular biomarkers of iron ore contamination in Epinephelus marginatus. Molecular biomarkers were tested by checking the relative expression of genes involved in oxidative stress, trace element regulation, and cellular damage, by RT-qPCR. Iron ore exposure caused the downregulation of ferroportin (FP) gene expression and a significant upregulation in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) genes. Iron ore affects gene expression in E. marginatus liver, indicating that it can potentially induce toxic effects in fish. Moreover, this altered gene expression pattern may be applied in monitoring iron ore contamination in marine environments.

Why does your pain never get better? Stigma and coping mechanism in people with sickle cell disease.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the characteristics of stigma in the interactions of people with pain and sickle cell disease and the coping strategies adopted. METHODS: qualitative study, conducted in Bahia's reference units between January and July 2018. In-depth interviews were applied to 25 adults, followed by content analysis and interpretation in light of the Sociological Theory of Stigma. RESULTS: four categories emerged from the data: Stigma in interactions with family members; Stigma in interactions with people in the general public; Stigma in interactions with health workers; and Strategies for coping with stigma. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: in the participants' interactions, stigma produced discrediting pain reports, labeling and stereotyping, blaming patients for not improving their health, discrimination, racism, inadequate pain assessment, and delay in care. Coping included silencing, covering up, aggressive behavior, exposure to risk, reading religious texts and praises, and church attendance.

Eutrophication effects on fatty acid profiles of seston and omnivorous fish in tropical reservoirs.

It has been postulated that eutrophication causes replacement of n3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n3 HUFA) rich taxa, such as Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta and Dinophyta, with taxa poor in these fatty acids (FA), such as Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria. Such a change in community composition at the basis of the food web may alter the FA composition of consumer tissues. Here, we investigated the effects of eutrophication on phytoplankton composition and FA profiles of seston and muscle of two omnivorous fish species (Astyanax fasciatus and Astyanax altiparanae) from reservoirs of different trophic status in Southeast Brazil. The phytoplankton composition and seston FA profiles reflected the degree of eutrophication at most of the studied sites. Three of the five most eutrophic sites were dominated by cyanobacteria and had the highest saturated fatty acid (SFA) and lowest polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) relative contents among all sites. In contrast, the remaining two sites presented a higher phytoplankton diversity and higher relative contribution of sestonic PUFAs with 18 carbons (C18) and HUFAs than less eutrophic systems. However, there were no clear effects of sestonic FA profiles on the FA profiles of muscle of both fish species. A higher percentage of n3 HUFAs was found in the fish samples from a hypereutrophic and cyanobacteria dominated reservoir than in those from sites with a more diverse phytoplankton community in which fish mainly showed higher percentages of C18 PUFA. These results suggest a lack of a direct relationship between the degree of eutrophication and the percentage of n3 HUFAs in both fish species, which can be caused by specific characteristics of the reservoirs that may modulate eutrophication effects. Therefore, consumer FA biochemistry seemed to be dictated by their ability to select, accumulate, and modify dietary FAs, rather than by the eutrophication degree of the studied tropical reservoirs.

Construction and validation of a family guidance manual on complications of intravenous therapy in children.

OBJECTIVES: to build and validate the content of an educational manual for the inclusion of family members of hospitalized children in the prevention and early identification of complications associated with IVT through the peripheral route. METHODS: it was a methodological study of construction and validation of the content of an instructional material. The validation process took place using the Delphi Technique, adopting a content validation index equal to or greater than 0.80 as a desirable consensus. RESULTS: the handbook was validated in the second assessment round in all categories: content, language, illustration, layout, motivation, culture, and applicability. The Global Content Validation Index was 0.98. CONCLUSIONS: because of the high values obtained (> 0.8), after the second evaluation, the handbook is considered validated in terms of content, by expert judges.

Factores asociados con el cumplimiento de la medicación y el tratamiento sin medicación en pacientes hipertensos / Factors associated with adherence to medication and non-medication treatment in hypertensive patients

Introducción: El enfoque terapéutico para la presión arterial alta incluye medidas no farmacológicas y farmacológicas. La no adherencia al tratamiento es uno de los desafíos más importantes para la salud pública. Objetivo: Caracterizar los factores asociados con la adherencia a la medicación y el tratamiento sin medicación de pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: Este es un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal realizado en una Unidad Básica de Salud en la ciudad de Teresina- Piauí/Brasil con 160 pacientes hipertensos. Los datos se recopilaron de febrero a julio de 2019 mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario semiestructurado que contiene preguntas relacionadas con los aspectos socioeconómicos y demográficos, el tratamiento sin medicamentos, la verificación de la presión arterial y el conocimiento de los antihipertensivos en uso. Para el análisis de los datos, se consideró la prueba de chi-cuadrado con una significación del 95 por ciento considerando las pruebas de independencia 2x2 en la combinación de variables. Resultados: La muestra consistió en mujeres, ancianos, jubilados, con ingresos salariales entre uno y dos salarios mínimos. La principal modificación de estilo de vida adoptada fue la abstención del consumo de alcohol y tabaco. La mayoría afirmó que verificaban la presión arterial de forma rutinaria (57,5 por ciento), que tenían conocimiento sobre la medicación antihipertensiva en uso (68 por ciento) y que estaban satisfechos con la atención establecida en la unidad básica de salud (78,75 por ciento). Conclusión: La población hipertensa estudiada se adhiere parcialmente al tratamiento recomendado(AU)

Introdução: A abordagem terapêutica da pressão arterial elevada inclui medidas não medicamentosas e medidas farmacológicas. A não adesão ao tratamento é um dos mais importantes desafios para a saúde pública. Objetivo: Caracterizar os fatores associados à adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e não medicamentoso de pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal realizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do município de Teresina- Piauí/Brasil com 160 hipertensos. Os dados foram coletados no período de fevereiro a julho de 2019, por meio da aplicação de questionário semi-estruturado contendo questões relativas a aspectos socioeconômicos e demográficos, tratamento não medicamentoso, verificação da pressão arterial e conhecimento dos anti-hipertensivos em uso. Para a análise dos dados foi aplicado o teste qui-quadrado com significância de 95 porcento, considerando testes de independência 2x2 na combinação das variáveis. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída em sua maioria por mulheres, idosas, aposentadas, com renda salarial entre um e dois salários mínimos. As principais modificações de estilo de vida adotadas foram a abstenção do uso de álcool e tabaco. A maioria afirmou verificar a PA rotineiramente (57,50 porcento), ter conhecimento sobre o medicamento anti-hipertensivo em uso (68 porcento) e estarem satisfeitas com o atendimento estabelecido na Unidade Básica de Saúde (78,75 porcento). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a população hipertensa estudada adere parcialmente ao tratamento recomendado(AU)

Introduction: The therapeutic approach to high blood pressure includes non-drug and pharmacological measures. Non-adherence to treatment is one of the greatest, and consequently one of the most important challenges for public health. Objective: To characterize the factors associated with adherence to medication and non-medication treatment of hypertensive patients. Methods: This is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study conducted in a Basic Health Unit in the city of Teresina- Piauí with 160 hypertensive patients. The data were collected from February to July 2019 by applying a semi-structured questionnaire containing questions related to socioeconomic and demographic aspects, non-drug treatment, blood pressure verification and knowledge of antihypertensives in use. For the data analysis, the chi-square test with significance of 95 percent was considered considering 2x2 independence tests in the combination of variables. Results: The sample consisted of women, elderly, retired, with wage income between one and two minimum wages. The main lifestyle modification adopted was abstention from alcohol and tobacco use. Most stated that they routinely check blood pressure (57,50 percent), have knowledge about the antihypertensive medication in use (68,00 percent) and are satisfied with the care established at the basic health unit (78,75 percent). Conclusion: The hypertensive population studied partially adheres to the recommended treatment(AU)

Calidad de vida de personas con Diabetes Mellitus monitoreadas por la Unidad Básica de Salud / Qualidade de vida de pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus acompanhadas pela Unidade Básica de Saúde / Quality of Life in People with Diabetes Mellitus Followed by the Basic Health Unit

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica que afecta a la población y requiere la evaluación de la calidad de vida para la formulación de estrategias de atención específicas y así minimizar o prevenir su deterioro. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida de personas con diabetes mellitus monitoreadas por la Unidad Básica de Salud. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con 82 diabéticos en una Unidad Básica de Salud. Se utilizaron cuestionarios que contenían variables sociodemográficas y clínicas y las áreas clínica y Problem Areas in Diabetes para la evaluación evaluar de la calidad de vida. En el análisis de datos, se utilizaron la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, la prueba t de Student y el analysis of variance. La mayoría de los participantes fueron mujeres, ancianas, casadas, con educación primaria completa, morenas, jubiladas, con su propio hogar, con un ingreso familiar de hasta un salario mínimo, diabéticos tipo 2, no fumadores, que usan antidiabéticos orales como una forma de tratamiento, sedentarios, no alcohólico, con dos comorbilidades asociadas a diabetes y entre seis y 10 años de diagnóstico. La puntuación total mostró un promedio de 32,36, lo que indica una buena calidad de vida para la mayoría de los participantes, y aquellos que sufren un impacto negativo presentan el factor emocional más afectado. Conclusión: Los datos obtenidos con este estudio permitirán la planificación de acciones específicas dirigidas a esta población para promover una mejor adherencia a las prácticas que influyen positivamente en la calidad de vida(AU)

Introdução: O Diabetes mellitus é uma doença metabólica que acomete a população, sendo necessária a avaliação da qualidade de vida para a formulação de estratégias de cuidado específicas para minimizar ou prevenir o seu comprometimento. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus acompanhados pela Unidade Básica de Saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 82 diabéticos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde. Utilizou- se questionários contendo variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas e o Problem Areas in Diabetes para avaliação da qualidade de vida. Na análise dos dados, utilizaram-se os testes Kruskal-Wallis, U de Mann-Whitney, teste t de Student e Analysis of variance. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes são mulheres, idosas, casadas, com ensino fundamental completo, pardas, aposentadas, com casa própria, com renda familiar de até um salário mínimo, diabéticos tipo 2, não fumantes, que utilizam os antidiabéticos orais como forma de tratamento, sedentários, não etilistas, com duas comorbidades associadas ao diabetes e entre seis a 10 anos de diagnóstico. O escore total apresentou média de 32,36 , indicando boa qualidade de vida para a maioria dos participantes, e aqueles que sofrem impacto negativo apresentam o fator emocional como domínio mais acometido. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos com este estudo possibilitará o planejamento de ações específicas voltadas a essa população de modo a promover melhor adesão a práticas que influenciem positivamente na qualidade de vida(AU)

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that affects population health and requires quality of life assessment to formulate specific care strategies to minimize or prevent its deterioration. Objective: To assess the quality of life of people with diabetes mellitus monitored by the basic health unit. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 82 diabetic patients in a basic health unit. Questionnaires containing sociodemographic and clinical variables, as well as the problem areas in diabetes, were used to assess quality of life. In the data analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Student's t test and variance analysis were used. Results: Most of the participants were women, elderlies and had black skin. They were nonsmokers and nonalcoholic patients, had completed primary education and were retired. They had their own homes and a family income of up to a minimum wage. They had type 2 diabetes, apart from two comorbidities associated with diabetes, and between six and ten years of diagnosis. They used oral antidiabetics as a sedentary form of treatment. The total score showed an average of 32.36, which indicates a good quality of life for most of the participants, while those who suffered a negative impact had the emotional factor as the most affected domain. Conclusion: The data obtained from this study will allow planning specific actions targeted at this population to promote better adherence to practices that positively influence quality of life(AU)