Cultural stress among immigrants in the workforce.

OBJECTIVES: Previous research has investigated cultural stress and well-being among individuals such as Hispanic college students and immigrants from other countries. However, there is a need to explore the impact of cultural stress among immigrants with a focus on the workforce. METHOD: Drawing from cultural stress theory, we present a theoretical framework that considers workplace context while exploring strategies that may mitigate the impact of cultural stress in the workplace, such as promoting diversity and inclusion, addressing biases and discrimination, and supporting employee mental health. RESULT: We provide actionable steps that can guide leaders to work toward a workplace where individuals develop a sense of belonging. CONCLUSION: This article provides a novel perspective on workplace diversity and inclusion that emphasizes the importance of considering cultural context in understanding and addressing workplace stress, with implications for psychology in the workplace. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Increased plasma levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as biomarker for the diagnosis of cardioembolic ischaemic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Despite comprehensive study, the aetiology of stroke is not identified in 35% of cases. AIMS: We conducted a study to assess the diagnostic capacity of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the identification of ischaemic stroke of cardioembolic origin. The secondary purpose of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of NT-proBNP for predicting 90-day all-cause mortality. METHODS: We designed a prospective observational study including patients hospitalised due to stroke between March 2019 and March 2020. Blood samples were collected on admission to the emergency department and serum NT-proBNP levels were determined. Statistical analysis was performed using a bivariate logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier curves. Statistical significance was established at p<.05. RESULTS: The study included 207 patients with first ischaemic stroke. Plasma NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher (p<.001) in the cardioembolic stroke group (2069pg/mL±488.5). ROC curves showed that NT-proBNP>499pg/mL was the optimum value for diagnosing cardioembolic ischaemic stroke (sensitivity, 82%; specificity, 80%). Moreover, plasma NT-proBNP levels>499pg/mL were independently associated with cardioembolic stroke (OR: 9.881; p=.001). Finally, NT-proBNP>1500pg/mL was useful for predicting 90-day mortality (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 93%). CONCLUSIONS: NT-proBNP was independently associated with cardioembolic stroke and should be quantified in blood tests within 24h of stroke onset. High plasma levels (>499pg/mL) may indicate an underlying cardioembolic cause, which should be further studied, while NT-proBNP >1500pg/mL was associated with increased 90-day mortality.

A meta-analysis of experienced incivility and its correlates: Exploring the dual path model of experienced workplace incivility.

The present study proposes and examines a theoretical Dual Path Model of Experienced Workplace Incivility using meta-analytic relationships (k = 246; N = 145, 008) between experienced incivility and frequent correlates. The stress-induced mechanism was supported with perceived stress mediating the meta-analytical relationship between experienced incivility and occupational health (i.e., emotional exhaustion and somatic complaints). The commitment-induced mechanism was also supported with affective commitment to the organization mediating the relationship between experienced incivility and organizational correlates (i.e., job satisfaction and turnover intentions). However, these paths were not able to explain the strong relationship between experienced and enacted workplace incivility. Moderating analysis revealed that the experienced-enactment link is stronger between coworkers, in comparison to incivility experienced from supervisors; experienced incivility is more strongly related to organizational correlates, when incivility is enacted by supervisors in comparison to coworkers, and in human service samples when compared to samples comprised of mixed occupations. We discuss theoretical and practical implications as well as directions for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Osteolytic lesions on the os petrosum of a Bronze Age individual from La Llana cave (Northern Spain) compatible with a possible case of otitis media. A multifaceted methodological approach.

OBJECTIVE: To encourage the use of different methodological approaches for the identification of paleopathological lesions and to evaluate osteolytic lesions found on a temporal bone from La Llana cave (Spain). MATERIALS: Cranial remains recovered from from La Llana cave (Spain) dated to the Bronze Age, 3300 ±â€¯25 BP (1631-1509 cal BC). METHODS: The cranium underwent macroscopic, microscopic and computed tomography scan examinations. RESULTS: The Tegmen tympani of the left temporal bone is present but is missing on the right. Both cochleae are intact. Both the right and left temporal bones display osteolytic lesions, with the left Tegmen tympani displaying deep and profuse pits on the endocranial surface, exposing the ear channel. CONCLUSIONS: The lesions are compatible with otitis media (atticitis). By using different methods of analysis, the presence and effects of infection were identified. SIGNIFICANCE: This systematically described case contributes to our understanding of disease in the past and describes otitis-related lesions in archeological contexts for comparative purposes. LIMITATIONS: The fragmentary and damaged cranial remains rendered evaluation difficult and diagnosis tentative. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: The use of different approaches to diagnose otitis media in archeological skeletal collections is recommended to improve the knowledge of health status and lifestyle of past populations.

Active prokaryotic population dynamics exhibit high correlation to reactor performance during methane production from acid hydrolysates of Agave tequilana var. azul bagasse.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to apply cDNA approach for the characterization of active prokaryotic community to understand microbial scenarios and performance of an AnSBR digester fed with acid hydrolysates of Agave tequilana var. azul bagasse (ATAB). METHODS AND RESULTS: The digester was implemented for methane production under organic loading rate (OLR) disturbances to correlate physicochemical variables with changes in abundance, diversity and population dynamics of active Bacteria and Archaea by principal components analysis (PCA). Results indicated that methane yield increased as well as active syntrophic relationships for interspecies hydrogen/formate (Anaerolinaceae-Methanobacterium beijingense) and acetate (Anaerolinaceae-Methanosaeta concilii) transfers at 8 g-COD l-1  day-1 . However, methane yield was negatively affected at 16 g-COD l-1  day-1 due to the competition for acetate by active Desulfovibrio marrakechensis and volatile fatty acids inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Microbial scenarios obtained by PCA correlations indicated that methane production from acid hydrolysates of ATAB was feasible at 8 g-COD l-1  day-1 . The digester operation at higher OLR only favoured methanogenesis by the hydrogenotrophic pathway. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Only cDNA analysis showed Archaea population dynamics, exhibiting high correlation with physicochemical variables towards the understanding of the methanogenic digester performance during OLR disturbances.

Defeating abusive supervision: Training supervisors to support subordinates.

Although much is known about the antecedents and consequences of abusive supervision, scant attention has been paid to investigating procedures to reduce its frequency. We conducted a quasiexperiment to examine the effects of supervisor support training on subordinate perceptions of abusive supervision and supervisor support. Supervisors (n = 23) in 4 restaurants were trained in 4 supportive supervision strategies (benevolence, sincerity, fairness, and experiential processing) during 4 2-hr sessions over a period of 2 months. We compared perceived supervisor support and abusive supervision before and 9 months after training for 208 employees whose supervisors received support training and 241 employees in 4 similar control restaurants. Compared to employees in the control restaurants, employees whose supervisors received the support training reported higher levels of perceived supervisor support and less abusive supervision. These findings suggest that a relatively brief training program can help managers become more supportive and less abusive. Theoretical and practical implications for effectively managing abusive supervision are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Promoting personal resources and reducing exhaustion through positive work reflection among caregivers.

The aim of this study was to test the effects of a daily positive work reflection intervention on fostering personal resources (i.e., hope and optimism) and decreasing exhaustion (i.e., emotional exhaustion and fatigue) among caregivers for the elderly and caregivers who provide services at patients' homes. Using an intervention/waitlist control group design, 46 caregivers in an intervention group were compared with 44 caregivers in a control group at 3 points of measurement: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at a 2-week follow-up. The results show that emotional exhaustion and fatigue were reduced for the intervention group. Primarily, caregivers with a high need for recovery at baseline benefited from the intervention. The results reveal no intervention effects for personal resources; however, they reveal a trend that the intervention led to an increase in hope and optimism among caregivers with a high need for recovery. Overall, the findings show that caregivers benefit from a daily positive work reflection intervention, particularly when their baseline levels of resources and well-being are low. (PsycINFO Database Record

Exploring daily affective changes in university students with a mindful positive reappraisal intervention: A daily diary randomized controlled trial.

Brief and cost-effective interventions focused on emotion regulation techniques can buffer against stress and foster positive functioning. Mindfulness and positive reappraisal are two techniques that can mutually enhance one another to promote well-being. However, research testing the effectiveness of interventions combining mindfulness and reappraisal is lacking. The current pilot examined the effect of a combined mindful-reappraisal intervention on daily affect in a 5-day diary study with 106 university students. Participants were randomized to a mindful-reappraisal intervention (n = 36), a reappraisal-only intervention (n = 34), or an active control activity (n = 36). All participants described a negative event each day but only reappraised the event in the intervention conditions. Using multilevel growth modelling, results indicated that negative affect in both interventions declined over 5 days compared to the control; however, there were no differences in the growth of positive affect. Compared to reappraisal-only, the mindful-reappraisal group reported overall lower daily negative affect and marginally higher daily positive affect over the 5-day intervention. These findings suggest that brief daily practice combining mindfulness and positive reappraisal can be trained as a self-regulatory resource to promote positive affect and buffer negative affect above and beyond reappraisal practice alone.

Transition between paraxial and Helmholtz Fourier spaces.

Different correction methods for paraxial solutions have been used when such solutions extend out of the paraxial regime. Mapping functions play a fundamental role in them. This paper analyzes how to translate directions of paraxial wavevectors into Helmholtz wavevectors. Two possible mappings that are commonly used are examined, and a new mapping is proposed. The three mappings are classified in the framework of the full wave correction schemes.

Schwannomas gastrointestinales: revisión de la literatura a propósito de 5 casos en intestino / Gastrointestinal schwannomas: report of five intestinal cases and a review of the literature

Se han documentado menos de 300 schwannomas en el tracto gastrointestinal, la mayor parte de ellos en el estómago, siendo muy raros en intestino delgado y recto. Tienen características clínicas, histológicas, inmunohistoquímicas y moleculares distintas de las de los schwannomas de partes blandas. Realizamos una revisión de 5 casos de schwannomas intestinales diagnosticados en el Hospital Clínico San Carlos en el periodo 2005-2015. La media de edad fue de 74 años y 4 de los pacientes eran mujeres. Tres se localizaban en el ciego, uno en el yeyuno distal y uno en el íleon. El tamaño variaba entre 0,5 y 4,5cm. El estudio microscópico mostró 5 lesiones no encapsuladas, con células fusiformes en haces sin clara empalizada ni cuerpos de Verocay. En 4 de los casos se observó infiltrado linfocitario periférico, con infiltrado linfoplasmocitario difuso asociado. S100 mostró positividad difusa y el índice Ki-67 fue menor al 10%. No se observó recidiva en ningún paciente (AU)

Less than 300 cases of gastrointestinal schwannoma have been reported to date. They occur most commonly in the stomach, being rare in the small bowel and rectum, and show characteristic clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular features. We reviewed five cases of gastrointestinal schwannoma diagnosed between 2005 and 2015 in our hospital (Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid). The patients were four women and one man, with a median age of 74 years. Three tumours were located in the caecum, one in the jejunum and one in the ileum. Tumour size ranged from 0.5 to 4.5cm. Microscopically, all were composed of monotonous benign-appearing spindle cells, without well-formed palisades or Verocay bodies. In all cases, except one, peripheral cuff-like lymphoid aggregates and/or diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate were present. S100 was diffusely positive and Ki-67 index was lower than 10%. None of the patients had recurrences or metastases (AU)

Angular spectral framework to test full corrections of paraxial solutions: erratum.

In our previous article [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A32, 1236 (2015)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.32.001236] there is an issue concerning the comparison of plane wave spectrum solutions of paraxial and Helmholtz equations. We compared the angular plane wave spectrum of Helmholtz solutions with the plane wave spectrum of the paraxial solutions in terms of normalized projections of paraxial wave vectors. We show that the proper comparison of plane wave spectra must be done in terms of angles. The results presented in our previous work are corrected accordingly. The most important change is that Wünsche's T2 operator leads to a valid method.

Angular spectral framework to test full corrections of paraxial solutions.

Different correction methods for paraxial solutions have been used when such solutions extend out of the paraxial regime. The authors have used correction methods guided by either their experience or some educated hypothesis pertinent to the particular problem that they were tackling. This article provides a framework so as to classify full wave correction schemes. Thus, for a given solution of the paraxial wave equation, we can select the best correction scheme of those available. Some common correction methods are considered and evaluated under the proposed scope. Another remarkable contribution is obtained by giving the necessary conditions that two solutions of the Helmholtz equation must accomplish to accept a common solution of the parabolic wave equation as a paraxial approximation of both solutions.

Carcinoma adenoide quístico primario y multicéntrico de mama / Primary and mulyicenter adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast

El carcinoma adenoide quístico (CAQ) de la mama es un entidad poco frecuente y constituye menos del 0,1% de todos lo tumores infiltrantes de mama. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 46 años de edad que consultó por presentar una tumoración dolorosa en la mama derecha. La mamografía y la ecografía revelaron una densidad focal asimétrica de aspecto pseudonodular en el CSI. El estudio anatomopatológico y las pruebas inmuno-histoquímicas tras realizar biopsia con aguja gruesa (BAG), mostraron un CAQ. La resonancia magnética reveló la presencia de otra tumoración en el CII, no detectada en las pruebas radiológicas previas, y que fue informada como carcinoma ductal in situ de grado nuclear intermedio en otro centro. Dado al carácter multicéntrico de la lesión se realizó mastectomía simple con reconstrucción inmediata, sin linfadenectomía axilar, debido a que la biopsia selectiva del ganglio linfático centinela fue negativa. La paciente recibió quimioterapia después de la intervención quirúrgica. No hay evidencia de recurrencia o metástasis a distancia en el seguimiento a los 6 meses de la operación. Se discuten los aspectos relacionados con el diagnóstico, estudio inmuno-histoquímico, diagnóstico diferencial, tratamiento y pronóstico de esta entidad (AU)

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) the breast is a rare entity and is less than 0.1% of all the tumors involving the breast. We report a 46-year-old woman, who consulted for filing a painful lump in the right breast. The mammography and ultrasound revealed a focal asymmetric density pseudonodular appearance on ISC. The pathological study and immunohistochemical tests after performing thick needle biopsy showed an ACC. MRI revealed another malignant tumor on IIC -not detected in previous radiological tests- diagnosed as ductal in situ carcinoma, intermediate nuclear grade, at another centre. Due to multicentric lesion nature, we performed simple mastectomy without axillary dissection, because selective biopsy of sentinel lymph node was negative. The patient received postoperative chemotherapy. There is no evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis in follow up 6 months after surgery. We discuss aspects related to the diagnosis, immunohistochemical study, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this disease (AU)

Fixed drug eruption due to ibuprofen with patch test positive on the residual lesion

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Angiosarcoma de mama radioinducido tras tratameinto conservador de cáncer de mama en una paciente anciana / Radiation-induced angiosarcoma of the breast after conservation therapy in an elderly patient

Angiosarcoma de mama es un tumor infrecuente que puede ser primario o secundario a linfedema o radioterapia. El aumento del tratamiento conservador del cáncer de mama, explica la creciente frecuencia de esta neoplasia. Presentamos el caso de un angiosarcoma de mama radioinducido, en una paciente de 81 años de edad, que ocurre 10 años después del tratamiento conservador del cáncer de mama izquierda. La tumoración debuta como un engrosamiento de la piel que rápidamente progresa a una lesión infiltrante. Se realiza biopsia de la tumoración y estudio histoquímico que confirma el diagnóstico de angiosarcoma por lo que se realiza mastectomía. La paciente está libre de enfermedad 4 meses después (AU)

Breast angiosarcoma is a rare disease occurring as primary tumour or secondary to lymphoedema or radiotherapy. The more frequent use of breast-conserving therapy and radiotherapy for breast carcinoma explains the increasing diagnosis of this neoplasm.We report the case of a radiation-induced breast angiosarcoma in a patient of 81 years old, occurring 10 years after conservative treatment of left breast cancer. The tumor debuts as a thickening of the skin that rapidly progresses to infiltrating lesion. Tumor biopsy and histochemical study confirms the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. Mastectomy is performed. The patient is free of disease 4 months later (AU)

Demands, control, and support: a meta-analytic review of work characteristics interrelationships.

The job demands-control-support model (DCS; Karasek, 1979) is an influential theory for understanding how work characteristics relate to employee well-being, health, and performance. However, previous research has largely neglected theory-building regarding the interrelationships between job demands, control, and support. We remedy such theoretical underdevelopment by reviewing and integrating theory on the relationships between demands, control, and support to develop five hypotheses. We test our hypotheses within a meta-analytic framework using a set of 106 studies. Our results show negative demands-supervisor support and demands-coworker support relationships, but no significant demand-control relationship. Our findings also indicate positive control-supervisor support and control-coworker support relationships. Using the meta-analytic effect sizes, we also estimate two competing structural equation models intended to discern which theoretical model using DCS work characteristics to predict occupational strain and well-being is more consistent with our data. Our results suggest that job control and both sources of social support should be treated independently, as opposed to indicators of a shared latent factor, in terms of their prediction of well-being and job demands. Our study offers support for the usefulness of the DCS and more modern conceptualizations of the working environment in understanding the employee work experience and for predicting important work outcomes. (