Longevity of dental restorations in Sjogren's disease patients using electronic dental and health record data.

BACKGROUND: Decreased salivary secretion is not only a risk factor for carious lesions in Sjögren's disease (SD) but also an indicator of deterioration of teeth with every restorative replacement. This study determined the longevity of direct dental restorations placed in patients with SD using matched electronic dental record (EDR) and electronic health record (EHR) data. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using EDR and EHR data of Indiana University School of Dentistry patients who have a SD diagnosis in their EHR. Treatment history of patients during 15 years with SD (cases) and their matched controls with at least one direct dental restoration were retrieved from the EDR. Descriptive statistics summarized the study population characteristics. Cox regression models with random effects analyzed differences between cases and controls for time to direct restoration failure. Further the model explored the effect of covariates such as age, sex, race, dental insurance, medical insurance, medical diagnosis, medication use, preventive dental visits per year, and the number of tooth surfaces on time to restoration failure. RESULTS: At least one completed direct restoration was present for 102 cases and 42 controls resulting in a cohort of 144 patients' EDR and EHR data. The cases were distributed as 21 positives, 57 negatives, and 24 uncertain cases based on clinical findings. The average age was 56, about 93% were females, 54% were White, 74% had no dental insurance, 61% had public medical insurance, < 1 preventive dental visit per year, 94% used medications and 93% had a medical diagnosis that potentially causes dry mouth within the overall study cohort. About 529 direct dental restorations were present in cases with SD and 140 restorations in corresponding controls. Hazard ratios of 2.99 (1.48-6.03; p = 0.002) and 3.30 (1.49-7.31, p-value: 0.003) showed significantly decreased time to restoration failure among cases and positive for SD cases compared to controls, respectively. Except for the number of tooth surfaces, no other covariates had a significant influence on the survival time. CONCLUSION: Considering the rapid failure of dental restorations, appropriate post-treatment assessment, management, and evaluation should be implemented while planning restorative dental procedures among cases with SD. Since survival time is decreased with an increase in the number of surfaces, guidelines for restorative procedures should be formulated specifically for patients with SD.

Retrospective Study of the Reasons and Time Involved for Dental Providers' Medical Consults.

Background: Patient-reported medical histories and medical consults are primary approaches to obtaining patients' medical histories in dental settings. While patient-reported medical histories are reported to have inconsistencies, sparse information exists regarding the completeness of medical providers' responses to dental providers' medical consults. This study examined records from a predoctoral dental student clinic to determine the reasons for medical consults; the medical information requested, the completeness of returned responses, and the time taken to receive answers for medical consult requests. Methods: A random sample of 240 medical consult requests for 179 distinct patients were selected from patient encounters between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017. Descriptive statistics and summaries were calculated to determine the reasons for the consult, the type of information requested and returned, and the time interval for each consult. Results: The top two reasons for medical consults were to obtain more information (46.1%) and seek medical approval to proceed with treatment (30.3%). Laboratory and diagnostic reports (56.3%), recommendations/medical clearances (39.6%), medication information (38.3%), and current medical conditions (19.2%) were the frequent requests. However, medical providers responded fewer times to dental providers' laboratory and diagnostic report requests (41.3%), recommendations/medical clearances (19.2%), and current medical conditions (13.3%). While 86% of consults were returned in 30 days and 14% were completed after 30 days. Conclusions: The primary reasons for dental providers' medical consults are to obtain patient information and seek recommendations for dental care. Laboratory/diagnostic reports, current medical conditions, medication history, or modifications constituted the frequently requested information. Precautions for dental procedures, antibiotic prophylaxis, and contraindications included reasons to seek medical providers' recommendations. The results also highlight the challenges they experience, such as requiring multiple attempts to contact medical providers, the incompleteness of information shared, and the delays experienced in completing at least 25% of the consults. Practical Implications: The study results call attention to the importance of interdisciplinary care to provide optimum dental care and the necessity to establish systems such as integrated electronic dental record-electronic health record systems and health information exchanges to improve information sharing and communication between dental and medical providers.

Nutritional Assessment of Denture Wearers Using Matched Electronic Dental-Health Record Data.

PURPOSE: To assess the nutritional profile of denture wearers through a retrospective cohort study using nutritional biomarkers from matched electronic dental and health record (EDR-EHR) data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The case group (denture wearers) included matched EDR-EHR data of patients who received removable partial, complete, and implant-supported prosthodontic treatments between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018, study time. The control (nondenture wearers) group did not have recorded denture treatments and included patient records within 1 year of the denture index date (first date of case patients' receiving complete or partial denture) of the matching cases. The qualified patients' EDR were matched with their EHR based on the availability of laboratory reports within 2 years of receiving the dentures (index date). Nutritional biomarkers were selected from laboratory reports for complete blood count, comprehensive and basic metabolic profile, lipid, and thyroid panels. Summary statistics were performed, and general linear mixed effect models were used to evaluate the rate of change over time (slope) of nutritional biomarkers before and after the index date. Likelihood ratio tests were performed to determine the differences between dentures and controls. RESULTS: The final cohort included 10,481 matched EDR-EHR data with 3,519 denture wearers and 6,962 controls that contained laboratory results within the study time. The denture wearers' mean age was 57 ±10 years and the control group was 56 ±10 years with 55% females in both groups. Pre-post analysis among denture wearers revealed decreased serum albumin (p = 0.002), calcium (p = 0.039), creatinine (p < 0.001) during the post-index time. Hemoglobin (Hb) was higher pre-index, and was decreasing during the time period but did not change post-index (p < 0.001). Among denture wearers, completely edentulous patients had a significant decrease in serum albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), but increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In partially edentulous patients, total cholesterol decreased (p = 0.018) and TSH (p = 0.004), BUN (p < 0.001) increased post-index. Patients edentulous in either upper or lower arch had decreased BUN and eGFR during post-index. Compared to controls, denture wearers showed decreased serum albumin and protein (p = 0.008), serum calcium (p = 0.001), and controls showed increased Hb (p = 0.035) during post-index. CONCLUSIONS: The study results indicate nutritional biomarker variations among denture wearers suggesting a risk for undernutrition and the potential of using selected nutritional biomarkers to monitor nutritional profile.