[Determination of biological activity of hydrogel preparations based on ketoconazole and clotrimazole]. / Opredelenie biologicheskoi aktivnosti gidrogelevykh preparatov na osnove ketokonazola i klotrimazola.

Biological activity of original hydrogel preparations based on ketoconazole and clotrimazole was estimated biologically with the 3-dose variant of the agar-diffusion method. The optimal concentrations of the active substances in the hydrogels were the following: 2% of ketoconazole and 1% for clotrimazole.

[The action of its own antibiotic on the producer of imbricin growing on an agarized medium]. / Deistvie sobstvennogo antibiotika na produtsent imbritsina pri vyrashchivanii na agarizovannoi srede.

The action of imbricin on its own producer Streptomyces imbricatus grown on an agarized medium was studied. Comparatively low concentrations of the antibiotic were shown to have a high lethal action on the streptomycete. The morphological and cultural features of S. imbricatus did not change under the action of imbricin while the variation with respect to the antibiotic production property markedly increased. After the strain exposure to 200 micrograms/ml of imbricin, a stable variant with the antibiotic potency 20 per cent higher than that of the initial organism was isolated.

[Natural and induced variability of pathogen, producing antifungal antibiotic, imbrimycin]. / Estestvennaia i indutsirovannaia izmenchivost' produtsenta protivogribkovogo antibiotika imbritsina.

Natural and induced variation of Streptomyces imbricatus LIA 0112, an organism producing imbricin, a nonpolyene antifungal antibiotic, was studied. The culture was shown to be homogeneous by the morphological and cultural properties and consisted of one (rarely two) morphological type depending on the medium composition. The effect of some mutagens such as UV light, N-nitroso-N-methyl biuret in a concentration of 0.05 per cent and 1,4-bisdiazoacetyl butane in a concentration of 0.1 per cent on the actinomycete culture was investigated. It was found that the imbricin-producing culture was stable to the effect of both the physical and chemical mutagens. As a result of multistep selection of the actinomycete culture its productivity increased by 22 per cent.

[Pathogenetic aspects of hemolysis and changes of blood rheology in hereditary hemochromatosis]. / Patogeneticheskie aspekty gemoliza i izmenenii reologicheskikh svoistv krovi pri nasledstvennom gemokhromatoze.

AIM: To establish changes of and correlations between erythrodieresis and blood rheology in hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hemorheologic indices (asymptomatic blood and plasma viscosity, that of blood at low shift speed, red cell deformity and aggregation) were studied in 42 HHC patients and 23 healthy donors. The patients were divided into groups by homozygous (groups 1 and 2) or heterozygous (groups 3 and 4) allel genes and sex (females-groups 2 and 4, males-groups 1 and 3). RESULTS: All the patients had increased resistance of red cells in high percentage of their high-resistance populations (correlation index 0.8-0.9) due to destruction and elimination from the circulation. These changes were more pronounced in males, similar in homo- and heterozygotes. The presence in the peripheral blood of red cells with high resistance is associated with a 25-30% decrease in the red cell rigidity, in groups 1 and 3 this decrease reached 30-40%. To a certain degree high deformity and aggregation of red cells is explained by high plasma viscosity (correlation index 0.4). Plasma viscosity was high in all the patients of all groups. CONCLUSION: HHC runs with rejuvenascence of erythroid cells. Changed activity of erythrodieresis and damage to red cells at the level of microcirculation may be involved in iron metabolism disturbance and development of tissue hemosiderosis.

[The nature of the humoral hemolytic factors in patients with chronic kidney failure]. / O prirode gumoral'nykh gemoliticheskikh faktorov u bol'nykh s khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

The study of erythrodieresis intensity as well as that of its humoral component with identification of hemolytic factors of patients with chronic renal failure (thermal phase) on programmed hemodialysis (HD) showed development of anemia. This is due to intensive red cell destruction induced by enhanced hemolytic activity of the blood serum dependent on both the presence of medium-size peptides the number of which lessens in the course of hemodialysis and growing to the end of the session number of humoral hemolytic factors having molecular mass 80-100 kD. These findings should be considered when estimating efficacy of red cell mass infusions for patients with chronic renal failure basing on parameters of serum hemolytic activity and resistance of donor red cells to hemolyzing effects of the recipient's serum.

[Mechanisms of post-traumatic anemia]. / O mekhanizmakh posttravmaticheskoi anemii.

Diminution of hemolytic anemia in animals with bilateral nephrectomy was demonstrated in experiments on rats and dogs with trauma (24-hour crush syndrome). The mechanism of early posttraumatic erythrodieresis is linked with the effect of humoral hemolytic factors and injury to the poorly-stable red cell population during passage through the renal vessels of the animals 24 hours after the traumatic damage.

[Study of humoral hemolytic factors in hemorrhage using chromatographic methods]. / Issledovanie gumoral'nykh gemoliticheskikh faktorov pri krovopotere khromatograficheskimi metodami.

The kidney-dependent increase of the haemolytic activity of blood serum after acute decompensated blood loss was demonstrated in the experiments on rats. The preparative ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Toyoperal was used to separate the haemolytic active component of the posthaemorrhagic blood serum with the max value of the specific activity of 6.86 A/micrograms protein. The analysis of the separated component by size-exclusion chromatography on TSK-G3000-SW column indicated a molecular mass of 80-100 kDa. In injection in the circulatory system in in vivo experiments the dose-dependent effect of the action of separated component was demonstrated.

[Study of the effectiveness of artificial oxygen carrier on the hemoglobin base in blood loss replacement in dogs]. / Izuchenie éffektivnosti iskusstvennogo perenoschika kisloroda na osnove gemoglobina pri zameshchenii krovopoteri u sobak.

The effectiveness of modified polyhemoglobin proposed as an artificial oxygen carrier (AOC) was evaluated in experiments on dogs with acute fatal hemorrhage. It was shown that total oxygen consumption, arterial blood pressure and circulating blood volume were maintained at the normal physiological levels during 4 h after infusion of 10% solution of polyhemoglobin. AOC infusion provided 100% survival of the animals. It has been concluded that hemoglobin polymer modified with pyridoxal-5'-phosphate can be used as the basis for the production of the medicinal form of AOC.

[Mechanisms of hemolysis under the effects of extreme factors]. / Mekhanizmy gemoliza pri deistvii ékstremal'nykh faktorov.

It has been shown that the activation of reno-dependence mechanisms of destruction of the low-stable population of erythrocytes was observed following the acute blood loss, the infusion of the phenylhydrazine and uranyl-glycerine solution. These mechanisms have different nature: humoral (increase of hemolytic activity of the blood serum up to 46.6%), autoimmune-cell or vasorenal (increase of the autoplateformation in 1.8 ones, of the activity of the system mononuclear phagocytes on 37.6%).

[Various mechanisms of disorders of the regulation of hemostasis in acute hemorrhage]. / Nekororye mekhanizmy narusheniia reguliatsii gemostaza pri ostroi krovopotere.

A review has been presented of the author's own investigations and the literature data on the mechanisms of hemocoagulation disorders in acute hemorrhage. The main attention is paid to the state of the vascular-thrombocytic component of the hemostasis system. In acute hemorrhage, like in the normal state, the blood hemostatic potential is characterized by the combination of parameters of the labile and stable components of the hemostasis system. Under conditions of acute hemorrhage the shifts in the blood coagulation system are directed towards hypercoagulation, and the syndrome of disseminated intravascular blood coagulation may develop. Parameters of the vascular-thrombocytic component of the hemostasis play the main role in the triggering of blood coagulation mechanisms. Accelerated movement of fluid from tissues to the blood flow, disorders in microcirculation and blood rheology, monocytic phagocytes system blocking, toxigenic and hemolytic properties of the plasma play a role in the activation of the vascular-thrombocytic hemostasis.

[Automated system of mass examination of the working population]. / Avtomatizirovannaia sistema massovogo obsledovaniia rabotaiushchikh.

The automated system for mass examination and follow-up of therapeutic patients has been developed, tested and introduced with the help of computer family "Electronics" and "IBM". The system is designed for the use at polyclinics, health units and health centres. The following programmes are provided: premedical screening, ECG data interpretation, analysis of physician's data and management of follow-up, primary and secondary prevention of chronic diseases. The application of this system in 2336 persons resulted in substantial saving of physician's time during mass examinations, improved the quality of screening and follow-up.

[An experimental study of the water balance and acid-base state of the blood during infusions of the plasma substitute oksiamal]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie vodnogo balansa i kislotno-osnovnogo sostoianiia krovi pri infuziiakh plazmozamenitelia oksiamala.

The influence of the plasma substitute oxyamal on shifts in the water and acid-base balance of the blood was studied in experiments on dogs with simulated severe hemorrhagic shock. Oxyamal therapy of the severe hemorrhagic shock led to a stable reduction of the volume of circulating plasma and blood, and to a rapid normalization of blood circulation. No disorders were observed in the fluid distribution in the body, acid-base balance rapidly recovered that has evidenced a full-value transcapillary water-ion exchange.

[Blood rheologic disorders in patients with polycythemia vera and their correction by therapeutic erythrocytapheresis]. / Gemoreologicheskie narusheniia u bol'nykh istinnoi politsitemii i ikh korrektsiia lechebnym éritrotsitaferezom.

The rheologic blood properties were studied in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) before and after erythrocytapheresis. The patients with PV showed a complex of hemorheologic disorders (high blood viscosity at different rates of deviation, intensified red blood cell aggregation, decreased deformability of these cells) found to be implicated in the disease pathogenesis. Erythrocytapheresis promoted the improvement of the rheologic characteristics such as dynamic blood viscosity and the red blood cell aggregation ratio.

[Hemorheologic disorders in shock of diverse etiology]. / Gemoreologicheskie narusheniia pri shoke razlichnoi étiologii.

Comparative investigation of rats has been conducted to study rheologic blood properties during relative compensation and decompensation of the hemorrhagic, traumatic and burning shock. The most obvious hemorheologic disturbances have been revealed during a burning shock and feebly marked-during a hemorrhagic shock.

[Mental disorders in cranio-cerebral trauma associated with extracranial injuries]. / Psikhicheskie narusheniia pri cherepno-mozgovykh travmakh, sochatannykh s vnecherepnymi povrezhdeniiami.

Examination of 160 patients with craniocerebral trauma combined with extracranial injuries has demonstrated that psychopathological disorders are largely due to cerebral abnormalities. They are manifested in negative or deficiency disturbances, with the syndrome of disturbed consciousness being dominant among them. Other disturbances include the psychoorganic syndrome and emotional and asthenic abnormalities. Extracerebral pathology aggravates these disturbances in the acute period of trauma due to shock and later on due to somatogenic asthenia but causes no specific disorders.