A combination of LCPUFAs regulates the expression of miRNA-146a-5p in a murine asthma model and human alveolar cells.

BACKGROUND: LCPUFAs are suggestive of having beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases such as asthma. However, little is known about the modulative capacity of omega-(n)-3 and n-6 LCPUFAs within the epigenetic regulation of inflammatory processes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a specific combined LCPUFA supplementation restores disease-dysregulated miRNA-profiles in asthmatic mice. In addition, we determined the effect of the LCPUFA supplementation on the interaction of the most regulated miRNA expression and oxygenase activity in vitro. METHODS: Sequencing of miRNA was performed by NGS from lung tissue of asthmatic and control mice with normal diet, as well as of LCPUFA supplemented asthmatic mice. Network analysis and evaluation of the biological targets of the miRNAs were performed by DIANA- miRPath v.3 webserver software, TargetScanMouse 7.2, and tool String v.10, respectively. Expression of hsa-miRNA-146a-5p and activity of COX-2 and 5-LO in LCPUFA-treated A549 cells were assessed by qPCR and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 62 miRNAs were dysregulated significantly in murine allergic asthma. The LCPUFA combination restored 21 of these dysregulated miRNAs, of which eight (mmu-miR-146a-5p, -30a-3p, -139-5p, -669p-5p, -145a-5p, -669a-5p, -342-3p and -15b-5p) were even normalized compared to the control levels. Interestingly, six of the eight rescued miRNAs are functionally implicated in TGF-ß signaling, ECM-receptor interaction and fatty acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that upregulation of hsa-miRNA-146a-5p is accompanied by a reduction of COX-2 and 5-LO activity. Moreover, transfection experiments revealed that LCPUFAs inhibit 5-LO activity in the presence and absence of anti-miR-146a-5p. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the modulative capacity of LCPUFAs on dysregulated miRNA expression in asthma. In addition, we pointed out the high regulative potential of LCPUFAs on 5-LO regulation and provided evidence that miR-146a partly controls the regulation of 5-LO.

Stochastic partial differential fluid equations as a diffusive limit of deterministic Lagrangian multi-time dynamics.

In Holm (Holm 2015 Proc. R. Soc. A471, 20140963. (doi:10.1098/rspa.2014.0963)), stochastic fluid equations were derived by employing a variational principle with an assumed stochastic Lagrangian particle dynamics. Here we show that the same stochastic Lagrangian dynamics naturally arises in a multi-scale decomposition of the deterministic Lagrangian flow map into a slow large-scale mean and a rapidly fluctuating small-scale map. We employ homogenization theory to derive effective slow stochastic particle dynamics for the resolved mean part, thereby obtaining stochastic fluid partial equations in the Eulerian formulation. To justify the application of rigorous homogenization theory, we assume mildly chaotic fast small-scale dynamics, as well as a centring condition. The latter requires that the mean of the fluctuating deviations is small, when pulled back to the mean flow.

Unifying scaling theory for vortex dynamics in two-dimensional turbulence.

We present a scaling theory for unforced inviscid two-dimensional turbulence. Our model unifies existing spatial and temporal scaling theories. The theory is based on a self-similar distribution of vortices of different sizes A. Our model uniquely determines the spatial and temporal scaling of the associated vortex number density which allows the determination of the energy spectra and the vortex distributions. We find that the vortex number density scales as n(A,t)-t(-2/3)/A, which implies an energy spectrum E-k(-5), significantly steeper than the classical Batchelor-Kraichnan scaling. High-resolution numerical simulations corroborate the model.

An integrable shallow water equation with linear and nonlinear dispersion.

We use asymptotic analysis and a near-identity normal form transformation from water wave theory to derive a 1+1 unidirectional nonlinear wave equation that combines the linear dispersion of the Korteweg-deVries (KdV) equation with the nonlinear/nonlocal dispersion of the Camassa-Holm (CH) equation. This equation is one order more accurate in asymptotic approximation beyond KdV, yet it still preserves complete integrability via the inverse scattering transform method. Its traveling wave solutions contain both the KdV solitons and the CH peakons as limiting cases.

[Questions of habilitation-rehabilitation in diabetes mellitus]. / A habilitáció-rehabilitáció kérdései diabetes mellitusban.

As a result of the up to date treatment the life quality of diabetic patients is improved, their life span is prolonged. The authors recite the guidelines of vocational guidance and disability evaluation of diabetics. It is generally accepted that patients treated by diet alone may choose any profession, their lifestyle need not differ from that of healthy people. Well educated diabetic patients on oral antidiabetics or insulin, who have near normoglycemic blood sugar levels, can follow the lifestyle of a healthy individual; yet they should avoid occupations where their own or others lives might be put in danger. The authors recite effective departmental orders about the questions that influence the lives of diabetic patients-for example drivers licence, sports facilities for diabetics- and are the most frequently encountered by experts. Problems of rehabilitation that arise during the management of diabetics are also discussed.

Simple determination of polysaccharide specific antibodies by means of chemically modified ELISA plates.

A new ELISA technique using Nunc CovaLink NH microtiter plates has been developed to measure anticapsular polysaccharide specific antibodies. Capsular polysaccharide (PS) of Haemophilus influenzae type b (PRP) and pneumococcal antigens types 3, 6, 8, 14, 19, 23 were immobilized on CovaLink NH. These are modified plates with secondary amino groups bound to their surface which, in the presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide as coupling reagent, facilitate the direct binding of polysaccharides. We compared the binding characteristics of PS antigens to CovaLink NH and a conventional polystyrene ELISA plate. Checkerboard titration of PS antigens between 0.04-30 micrograms/ml clearly demonstrated that with Covalink NH optimal binding of a pooled serum from immunized donors was achieved for all PS antigens tested at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml, while binding of PS to the conventional plate was rather poor even at concentrations of 30 micrograms/ml. The CVs for the ELISA ranged from 1.1 to 2.8% for intra-assay comparisons and from 3.6 to 7.3% for inter-assay comparisons. In addition, when PRP-IgG antibodies were determined with the CovaLink NH ELISA and compared with the Farr assay an acceptable correlation ( r = 0.89, p < 0.0001) was obtained. The technique described provides a simple and sensitive tool for evaluating specific immunity to PS antigens.

[Endocrine age, gynaecological diseases, and familial factors in mammary carcinoma patients (author's transl)]. / Endokrines Alter, gynäkologische Erkrankungen und familiäre Faktoren bei Kranken mit Mammakarzinom.

Diagnoses of 153 cases of mammary carcinoma were completed in the mammographic section of the radiological department to which the authors are affiliated, within one year. Most of the patients were post-menopausal. They did not differ with significance, regarding pregnancy and delivery records, from other persons examined. Yet, gynaecological tumours were comparatively rare in cases of mammary carcinoma. Investigations on familial occurrence of mammary carcinoma did not yield much information, since most of the probands had anyway sought medical advice because of breast diseases in their families.

[One year's experience of a mammography unit (author's transl)]. / Einjährige Erfahrungen der Mammographischen Station.

3035 examinations were performed at the newly-opened Mammography Unit of the Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest in 1976 and 1977. Most of the examined persons presented themselves voluntarily and had some kind of complaints. 153 cases of breast cancer were detected and operated. 86% of the breast cancer patients had objective signs.

[Radiological examination in Goodpasture's syndrome (author's transl)]. / Radiologische Untersuchungen beim Goodpasture-Syndrom

Functional renal scans proved to be useful in assessing changes in renal function (progression and regression) in a patient with Goodpasture's syndrome. Perfusion lung scintigraphy revealed extensive, but circumscribed, areas of reduced activity. This scintigraphic phenomenon indicates reduced capillary perfusion in the lungs, paralleling the appearance of the radiograph.

[Experimental infection of guinea pigs with Chlamydia. 1. Pathomorphological studies]. / Experimentelle Infektion von Meerschweinchen mit Chlamydien. 1. Mitt.: Pathomorphologische Untersuchungen

The changes that occurred following nasal instillation of a bovine strain of Chlamydia psittaci were characterized by hypertrophy and proliferation of epithelial cells and exudates containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes, with acute bronchopneumonia and less intense inflammatory reactions in nasal and tracheal mucosa, spleen and pulmonary lymph nodes. The intestines, liver, kidney and brain were scarcely affected. There was little prospect of complete recovery from the clinically mild, or even subclinical, pneumonia within the period of observation since the causal agent was present continuously from the 12th hour to the 91st day after infection.