Tooth Loss Condition and Social Discrimination in Brazilian Healthcare Services.

Objective: To explore factors associated with social discrimination against users of health services regarding dental aesthetic conditions. Methods: Based on a Brazilian National Survey, multivariate Poisson regressions with robust variance were used to explore the association of outcome discrimination related to different motivations in health services and exposure to sociodemographic and dental variables. Effect modification by complete prosthesis wearing was assessed. Results: Among the 60,200 people interviewed, 11.5% reported being discriminated against in health services. For women, a higher prevalence of discrimination was found among those in the age group of 30-44 years. For both sexes, discrimination was associated with black and brown skin color. Regarding dental characteristics, the higher the tooth loss was, the higher the prevalence of discrimination; however, complete prosthesis wearing presented as a protective factor. Social discrimination was the major motivation for reported discrimination and presented higher prevalence in edentulous individuals who did not wear prosthesis. Conclusion: Dental loss may lead to self-reported discrimination in health care services. The prevalence of discrimination increases when tooth loss increases, and the major reason associated is social discrimination.

[Tobacco use in Brazilian school adolescents: association with mental health and family context]. / Tabaco en adolescentes escolares brasileños: asociación con salud mental y contexto familiar.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between aspects of mental health and the family context with tobacco experimentation and consumption among Brazilian schoolchildren. METHOD: A cross-sectional study using data from the National Survey of Schoolchildren's Health in Brazil conducted on 109,104 schoolchildren from the ninth year of elementary school, day scholars in public and private schools in all Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District. Descriptive analysis of variables, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed with logistic regression estimates, adjusted for socioeconomic variables, obtaining the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: Among the participants, 52.2% were female. Twenty point nine percent of the students reported having experimented with cigarettes at least once. Adolescents who experienced more often feelings of loneliness (OR: 2.07; 95%CI: 1.98-2.16), difficulty sleeping (OR: 2.37; 95%CI: 2.52-2.48) and lower social interaction (OR: 1.27; 95%CI: 1.26-1.32), were more likely to smoke, regardless of socioeconomic status. The schoolchildren of parents or caregivers (OR: 2.39; 95%CI: 2.29-2.49) who did not know what their children did in their free time (OR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.46-1.59) were associated with more frequent cigarette smoking. CONCLUSION: An association was seen between aspects of mental health and the family context with the experimentation and consumption of tobacco in adolescents enrolled in the study in Brazil. These associations are independent of school type, sex and skin colour. It is important that programmes for the prevention of tobacco use in adolescence emphasise these findings.

Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo: uma breve introdução à ferramenta de pesquisa qualiquantitativa / Discourse of Collective Subject: a brief introduction to a qualitative-quantitative research tool / Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo: una breve introducción a la herramienta deinvestigación cualitativa y cuantitativa

As pesquisas avaliativas, utilizando metodologias qualitativas e qualiquantitativas, ainda são restritas, escassas e pouco acessíveis aos leitores de publicações científicas na área da saúde. Entretanto, questõesrelativas ao coletivo podem ser mais adequadamente exploradas a partir de metodologias qualitativas. O Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) é uma técnica de tabulação e organização de dados qualitativos e tem como fundamento a teoria da Representação Social. Ele representa uma mudança nas pesquisas qualitativas porque permite que se conheça os pensamentos, representações, crenças e valores de uma coletividade sobre um determinado tema utilizando-se de métodos científicos. A pesquisa qualitativa trabalha com o universo de significados, motivos, aspirações, crenças, valores e atitudes; com um nível de realidade que não pode ser totalmente quantificado. O desafio a que o DSC busca responder é o da auto-expressão do pensamento ou opinião coletiva, respeitando-se a dupla condição qualitativa e quantitativa destes.(AU)(AU)

The researches using qualitative and qualitative-quantitative methodologies are still restricted, scarce and not easily accessible to readers of scientific publications in health. However, issues relating to the collective can be better explored from qualitative methodologies. The Discourse of Collective Subject (DSC) is a technique of tabulation and organization of qualitative data and is based upon the theory of Social Representation. It represents a change in qualitative research because it allows to know the thoughts, images, beliefs and values of a community on a given topic using scientific methods. Qualitative research works with the universe of meanings, motives, aspirations, beliefs, values and attitudes, with a level of reality that can not be fully quantified. The challenge that the DSC seeks to answer is that of self-expression of the collective thought or opinion, respecting the double condition of qualitative and quantitative.(AU)(AU)

Los estudios de evaluación con metodologías cualitativas, cuantitativas y cualitativas son todavía restringido, escaso y de difícil acceso para los lectores de las publicaciones científicas en salud. Sin embargo, las cuestiones relacionadas con el colectivo pueden ser mejor aprovechadas a partir de metodologías cualitativas. El Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo (DSC) es una técnica de tabulación y organización de datos cualitativos y se basa en la teoría de la Representación Social. Representa un cambio en la investigación cualitativa, ya que permite conocer los pensamientos, imágenes, creencias y valores de una comunidad sobre un tema determinado mediante métodos científicos. La investigación cualitativa trabaja con el universo de significados, motivaciones, aspiraciones, creencias, valores y actitudes, con un nivel de realidad que no pueden ser cuantificados. El reto para el DSC trata de responder es la de auto-expresión del pensamiento colectivo o de opinión, respetando la doble condición de cualitativos y cuantitativos.(AU)(AU)

Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo: uma breve introdução à ferramenta de pesquisa qualiquantitativa / Discourse of Collective Subject: a brief introduction to a qualitative-quantitative research tool / Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo: una breve introducción a la herramienta deinvestigación cualitativa y cuantitativa

As pesquisas avaliativas, utilizando metodologias qualitativas e qualiquantitativas, ainda são restritas, escassas e pouco acessíveis aos leitores de publicações científicas na área da saúde. Entretanto, questõesrelativas ao coletivo podem ser mais adequadamente exploradas a partir de metodologias qualitativas. O Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) é uma técnica de tabulação e organização de dados qualitativos e tem como fundamento a teoria da Representação Social. Ele representa uma mudança nas pesquisas qualitativas porque permite que se conheça os pensamentos, representações, crenças e valores de uma coletividade sobre um determinado tema utilizando-se de métodos científicos. A pesquisa qualitativa trabalha com o universo de significados, motivos, aspirações, crenças, valores e atitudes; com um nível de realidade que não pode ser totalmente quantificado. O desafio a que o DSC busca responder é o da auto-expressão do pensamento ou opinião coletiva, respeitando-se a dupla condição qualitativa e quantitativa destes...

The researches using qualitative and qualitative-quantitative methodologies are still restricted, scarce and not easily accessible to readers of scientific publications in health. However, issues relating to the collective can be better explored from qualitative methodologies. The Discourse of Collective Subject (DSC) is a technique of tabulation and organization of qualitative data and is based upon the theory of Social Representation. It represents a change in qualitative research because it allows to know the thoughts, images, beliefs and values of a community on a given topic using scientific methods. Qualitative research works with the universe of meanings, motives, aspirations, beliefs, values and attitudes, with a level of reality that can not be fully quantified. The challenge that the DSC seeks to answer is that of self-expression of the collective thought or opinion, respecting the double condition of qualitative and quantitative...

Los estudios de evaluación con metodologías cualitativas, cuantitativas y cualitativas son todavía restringido, escaso y de difícil acceso para los lectores de las publicaciones científicas en salud. Sin embargo, las cuestiones relacionadas con el colectivo pueden ser mejor aprovechadas a partir de metodologías cualitativas. El Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo (DSC) es una técnica de tabulación y organización de datos cualitativos y se basa en la teoría de la Representación Social. Representa un cambio en la investigación cualitativa, ya que permite conocer los pensamientos, imágenes, creencias y valores de una comunidad sobre un tema determinado mediante métodos científicos. La investigación cualitativa trabaja con el universo de significados, motivaciones, aspiraciones, creencias, valores y actitudes, con un nivel de realidad que no pueden ser cuantificados. El reto para el DSC trata de responder es la de auto-expresión del pensamiento colectivo o de opinión, respetando la doble condición de cualitativos y cuantitativos...

The role of research methodology in the rational use of technology in monitoring and preventing communication disorders.

Studies showing stronger scientific evidence related to speech, language and hearing pathology (SLP) have an impact on the prevention and rehabilitation of human communication and gained ground in SLP research agenda. In this paper we discuss some aspects and directions that should be considered for in-depth knowledge about speech, language and hearing needs in different population groups (age group, gender and other variables according to specific related disorders) for improved comprehensive care, successful efforts and effective use of financial and human resources. It is also discussed the decision making process for requesting complementary evaluations and tests, from routine to highly complex ones, that should be based on each test and/or procedure and their contribution to the diagnosis and therapeutic planning. In fact, it is crucial to have reliable parameters for planning, preventing and treating human communication and its related disorders. Epidemiology, biostatistics and social sciences can contribute with more specific information in human communication sciences and guide more specific studies on the international science and technology agenda, improving communication sciences involvement in the international health-related scientific scenario.

The role of research methodology in the rational use of technology in monitoring and preventing communication disorders

Studies showing stronger scientific evidence related to speech, language and hearing pathology (SLP) have an impact on the prevention and rehabilitation of human communication and gained ground in SLP research agenda. In this paper we discuss some aspects and directions that should be considered for in-depth knowledge about speech, language and hearing needs in different population groups (age group, gender and other variables according to specific related disorders) for improved comprehensive care, successful efforts and effective use of financial and human resources. It is also discussed the decision making process for requesting complementary evaluations and tests, from routine to highly complex ones, that should be based on each test and/or procedure and their contribution to the diagnosis and therapeutic planning. In fact, it is crucial to have reliable parameters for planning, preventing and treating human communication and its related disorders. Epidemiology, biostatistics and social sciences can contribute with more specific information in human communication sciences and guide more specific studies on the international science and technology agenda, improving communication sciences involvement in the international health-related scientific scenario.

Estudos que demonstram mais evidências científicas associadas ao impacto da Fonoaudiologia na prevenção e reabilitação da comunicação humana vêm ganhando maior espaço na agenda fonoaudiológica. Neste artigo discutimos alguns aspectos relacionados a essa questão, bem como direcionamentos a se-rem considerados para que conhecimento mais detalhado relacionado à Fonoaudiologia em estratos diferentes da população (como faixa etária, sexo, etc. associadas a estes agravos) esteja disponível, a fim de contribuir com a integralidade e efetividade dos recursos humanos e financeiros na atenção à saúde. Além disso, discutimos aspectos inerentes à solicitação de avaliações e exames complementares, os quais variam de baixa a alta complexidade, sendo necessário considerar, entre outros, a característica de cada um destes e sua contribuição no diagnóstico e/ou no planejamento terapêutico fonoaudiológico. É fundamental que contemos com parâmetros confiáveis para o planejamento terapêutico e tratamento dos distúrbios da comunicação humana, bem como fatores associados a estes. A epidemiologia, a bioestatística e as ciências sociais podem contribuir sob diferentes formas para que contemos com dados fonoaudiológicos mais específicos, além de direcionamentos para que os estudos fonoaudiológicos estejam mais diretamente vinculados à Política de Ciência e Tecnologia vigente e ampliem seu espaço no cenário científico internacional.