Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 10 de 10
Filtrar
Más filtros










Base de datos
Intervalo de año de publicación
1.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform ; 50(7): 683-705, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38695811

RESUMEN

We examined whether and how embodied decision biases-related to motor costs (MC) as well as cognitive crosstalk (CC) due to the body state-are influenced by extended deliberation time. Participants performed a tracking task while concurrently making reward-based decisions, with rewards being presented with varying preview time. In Experiment 1 (N = 58), we observed a reduced CC bias with extended preview time. Partially, this was due to participants slightly adapting tracking to serialize it in relation to decision making. However, the influence of MC was only marginal and not subject to anticipatory state adjustments. In Experiment 2 (N = 67), we examined whether participants integrated the immediate state at reward presentation or anticipated state when a decision could be implemented when adapting their tracking and decision behavior. Results were most compatible with the anticipated state being integrated. We conclude that humans anticipate the body state when a decision must be implemented and consider the corresponding motor and cognitive demands when adapting their decision behavior. However, anticipatory state adaptations targeting the influence of MC with extended preview time were absent, suggesting that anticipatory adaptations are starkly limited in low-practice tasks compared to more overlearned behavior like walking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Asunto(s)
Anticipación Psicológica , Toma de Decisiones , Desempeño Psicomotor , Humanos , Toma de Decisiones/fisiología , Adulto , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Femenino , Anticipación Psicológica/fisiología , Desempeño Psicomotor/fisiología , Recompensa
2.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 6342, 2024 03 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38491146

RESUMEN

Value-based decision-making often occurs in multitasking scenarios relying on both cognitive and motor processes. Yet, laboratory experiments often isolate these processes, thereby neglecting potential interactions. This isolated approach reveals a dichotomy: the cognitive process by which reward influences decision-making is capacity-limited, whereas the influence of motor cost is free of such constraints. If true, dual-tasking should predominantly impair reward processing but not affect the impact of motor costs. To test this hypothesis, we designed a decision-making task in which participants made choices to walk toward targets for rewards while navigating past an obstacle. The motor cost to reach these rewards varied in real-time. Participants either solely performed the decision-making task, or additionally performed a secondary pitch-recall task. Results revealed that while both reward and motor costs influenced decision-making, the secondary task did not affect these factors. Instead, dual-tasking slowed down participants' walking, thereby reducing the overall reward rate. Hence, contrary to the prediction that the added cognitive demand would affect the weighing of reward or motor cost differentially, these processes seem to be maintained at the expense of slowing down the motor system. This slowdown may be indicative of interference at the locomotor level, thereby underpinning motor-cognitive interactions during decision-making.


Asunto(s)
Movimiento , Caminata , Humanos , Recompensa , Recuerdo Mental , Cognición
3.
Exp Brain Res ; 241(4): 1053-1064, 2023 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36907885

RESUMEN

In everyday life, action and decision-making often run in parallel. Action-based models argue that action and decision-making strongly interact and, more specifically, that action can bias decision-making. This embodied decision bias is thought to originate from changes in motor costs and/or cognitive crosstalk. Recent research confirmed embodied decision biases for different tasks including walking and manual movements. Yet, whether such biases generalize within individuals across different tasks remains to be determined. To test this, we used two different decision-making tasks that have independently been shown to reliably produce embodied decision biases. In a within-participant design, participants performed two tasks in a counterbalanced fashion: (i) a walking paradigm for which it is known that motor costs systematically influence reward decisions, and (ii) a manual movement task in which motor costs and cognitive crosstalk have been shown to impact reward decisions. In both tasks, we successfully replicated the predicted embodied decision biases. However, there was no evidence that the strength of the biases correlated between tasks. Hence, our findings do not confirm that embodied decision biases transfer between tasks. Future research is needed to examine whether this lack of transfer may be due to different causes underlying the impact of motor costs on decisions and the impact of cognitive crosstalk or task-specific differences.


Asunto(s)
Toma de Decisiones , Movimiento , Humanos , Sesgo , Caminata , Recompensa
4.
J Neurophysiol ; 128(5): 1207-1223, 2022 11 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36197022

RESUMEN

Research on embodied decision-making only recently started to examine whether and how concurrent actions influence value-based decisions. For instance, during walking humans preferably make decisions that align with a turn toward the side of their current swing leg, sometimes resulting in unfavorable choices (e.g., less reward). It is suggested that concurrent movements influence decision-making by coincidental changes in motor costs. If this is true, systematic manipulations of motor costs should bias decisions. To test this, participants had to accumulate rewards (i.e., points) by walking and turning toward left and right targets displaying rewards across three experiments. In experiments 1a and 1b, we manipulated the turning cost based on the current swing leg by applying different symmetric turning magnitudes (i.e., same angles for left and right targets). In experiment 2, we manipulated the turning cost by administering asymmetric turning magnitudes (i.e., different angles for left and right targets). Finally, in experiment 3, we increased the cost of walking by adding ankle weights. Altogether, the experiments support the claim that differences in motor costs influenced participants' decisions: experiments 1a and 1b revealed that the swing leg effect and stepping behavior were moderated by turning magnitude. In experiment 2, participants showed a preference for less costly, smaller turning magnitudes. Experiment 3 replicated the swing leg effect when motor costs were increased by means of ankle weights. In conclusion, these findings provide further evidence that value-based decisions during ongoing actions seem to be influenced by dynamically changing motor costs, thereby supporting the concept of "embodied decision-making."NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor processes of concurrent movements have been shown to influence embodied decision-making. It is hypothesized that this is driven by coincidental changes in motor costs. We tested this claim by systematically manipulating motor costs of choice options during walking. In three experiments we show how variations in motor cost (e.g., turning angle or stepping constraints) bias decision-making, thereby supporting the concept of "embodied decision-making."


Asunto(s)
Recompensa , Caminata , Humanos , Movimiento
5.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 15786, 2022 09 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36138102

RESUMEN

The more distant two consecutive stimuli are presented, the longer the temporal interstimulus interval (ISI) between their presentations is perceived (kappa effect). The present study aimed at testing whether the kappa effect not only affects perceptual estimates of time, but also motor action, more specifically, interception. In a first step, the original kappa paradigm was adapted to assess the effect in temporal prediction. Second, the task was further modified to an interception task, requiring participants to spatially and temporally predict and act. In two online experiments, a white circle was successively presented at three locations moving from left to right with constant spatial and temporal ISIs in between. Participants were asked to either (i) indicate the time of appearance of the predicted fourth stimulus (Exp. 1) or to (ii) intercept the predicted fourth location at the correct time (Exp. 2). In both experiments the temporal response depended on the spatial intervals. In line with the kappa effect, participants predicted the final stimulus to appear later (Exp. 1) or intercepted it later (Exp. 2), the more distant the stimuli were presented. Together, these results suggest that perceptual biases such as the kappa effect impact motor interception performance.


Asunto(s)
Desempeño Psicomotor , Análisis Espacial , Humanos , Desempeño Psicomotor/fisiología
6.
Perception ; 51(6): 403-416, 2022 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35440242

RESUMEN

It is commonly agreed that vision is more sensitive to spatial information, while audition is more sensitive to temporal information. When both visual and auditory information are available simultaneously, the modality appropriateness hypothesis predicts that, depending on the task, the most appropriate (i.e., reliable) modality dominates perception. While previous research mainly focused on discrepant information from different sensory inputs to scrutinize the modality appropriateness hypothesis, the current study aimed at investigating the modality appropriateness hypothesis when multimodal information was provided in a nondiscrepant and simultaneous manner. To this end, participants performed a temporal rhythm reproduction task for which the auditory modality is known to be the most appropriate. The experiment comprised an auditory (i.e., beeps), a visual (i.e., flashing dots), and an audiovisual condition (i.e., beeps and dots simultaneously). Moreover, constant as well as variable interstimulus intervals were implemented. Results revealed higher accuracy and lower variability in the auditory condition for both interstimulus interval types when compared to the visual condition. More importantly, there were no differences between the auditory and the audiovisual condition across both interstimulus interval types. This indicates that the auditory modality dominated multimodal perception in the task, whereas the visual modality was disregarded and hence did not add to reproduction performance.


Asunto(s)
Percepción Auditiva , Percepción Visual , Estimulación Acústica/métodos , Humanos , Estimulación Luminosa/métodos , Reproducción
7.
Acta Psychol (Amst) ; 221: 103449, 2021 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34801882

RESUMEN

When people act, they repeatedly have to make value-based decisions about the further course of actions. For example, when driving on the highway, they must decide whether to overtake other cars by changing lanes to arrive at their destination quicker; concurrently, they are required to stay on their momentary lane by controlling the steering wheel. Embodied choice models predict that concurrent action execution modulates value-based decisions. Here, we examined whether value-based decisions are influenced by a change of action costs and/or cognitive interference between concurrent actions and decision making. In a novel, computerized multilane tracking task paradigm, participants (N = 50) controlled a cursor moving on one of three horizontal lanes. During tracking (concurrent action), participants had to switch to other lanes to avoid obstacles or collect rewards (value-based decisions). The action costs associated with a lane switch depended on the cursor position relative to the currently tracked lane, and this relationship varied between conditions. Results showed that value-based lane switching decisions were biased by the cursor state. While this influence was partly attributed to minimizing action costs, a considerable part of the influence could be attributed to cognitive interference. Our findings provide further evidence for embodied choice models, showing that both cognitive interference as well as action costs bias value-based decisions.


Asunto(s)
Conducción de Automóvil , Sesgo , Cognición , Toma de Decisiones , Humanos , Recompensa
8.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 11894, 2021 06 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34088941

RESUMEN

Choosing among different options typically entails weighing their anticipated costs and benefits. Previous research has predominantly focused on situations, where the costs and benefits of choices are known before an action is effectuated. Yet many decisions in daily life are made on the fly, for instance, making a snack choice while walking through the grocery store. Notably, the costs of actions change dynamically while moving. Therefore, in this study we examined whether the concurrent action dynamics of gait form part of and affect value-based decisions. In three experiments, participants had to decide which lateral (left vs. right) target (associated with different rewards) they would go to, while they were already walking. Results showed that the target choice was biased by the alternating stepping behavior, even at the expense of receiving less reward. These findings provide evidence that whole-body action dynamics affect value-based decisions.

9.
J Exp Biol ; 222(Pt 14)2019 07 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31266780

RESUMEN

A main objective in bipedal walking is controlling the whole body to stay upright. One strategy that promotes this objective is to direct the ground reaction forces (GRFs) to a point above the center of mass (COM). In humans, such force patterns can be observed for unperturbed walking, but it is not known whether the same strategy is used for a walkway that changes in height. In this study, 11 volunteers stepped down off a visible (0, 10 and 20 cm) and a camouflaged (0 or 10 cm) curb while walking at two different speeds (1.2±0.1 and 1.7±0.1 m s-1). The results showed that in all conditions the GRFs pointed predominantly above the COM. Vectors directed from the center of pressure (COP) to the intersection point (IP) closely fitted the measured GRF direction not only in visible conditions (R2>97.5%) but also in camouflaged curb negotiation (R2>89.8%). Additional analysis of variables included in the calculation of the IP location showed considerable differences for the camouflaged curb negotiation: compared with level walking, the COP shifted posterior relative to the COM and the vertical GRFs were higher in the beginning and lower in later parts of the stance phase of the perturbed contact. The results suggest that IP behavior can be observed for both visible and camouflaged curb negotiation. For further regulation of the whole-body angle, the asymmetrical vertical GRFs could counteract the effect of a posterior shifted step.


Asunto(s)
Caminata/fisiología , Adaptación Fisiológica , Adulto , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Femenino , Marcha/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven
10.
Gait Posture ; 71: 38-43, 2019 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31005853

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The unexpectedness of ground-contact onset in stepping down due, e.g., to a camouflaged curb during ongoing gait may impose potential postural control challenges, which might be deteriorated when walking faster. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does traversing camouflaged versus visible curbs, at a fast walking velocity, induce more unstable body configurations, assessed by a smaller anteroposterior "margin of stability" (MoS)? METHODS: For twelve healthy participants, we investigated MoS at foot touchdown in descent and in the first recovery step from 0- and 10-cm visible and camouflaged curbs at comfortable (1.22 ± 0.08 m/s) and fast (1.71 ± 0.11 m/s) walking velocities. Three-way (velocity, elevation, visibility) and two-way (velocity, visibility) repeated-measurement ANOVAs were performed to determine their interactions on MoS, and its determining parameters, during curb negotiation and recovery step, respectively. RESULTS: No greater postural instability when traversing a camouflaged versus visible curb at a faster walking velocity during curb descent, indicated by no three-way interaction effects on MoS. However, an elevation-by-visibility interaction showed a dramatic decrease of MoS when descending a 10-cm camouflaged versus visible curb. This was because of a farther anterior displacement of center-of-mass with a larger velocity. Furthermore, the walking velocity was independently associated with a smaller MoS and a more anteriorly-shifted center-of-mass with a higher velocity. In the recovery step, participants demonstrated a reduced stability of the body configuration when walking faster or recovering from a camouflaged than from a visible curb. The mentioned result implies that the potential to increase the base-of-support to compensate for an increased center-of-mass velocity, induced by an increased walking velocity, is limited. SIGNIFICANCE: Despite a significant independent main effect of walking velocity, a more unstable postural control observed during traversing of camouflaged versus visible curbs was found not to be walking velocity-related in young individuals. Further research, including elderly may shed more light on these results.


Asunto(s)
Marcha , Caminata , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Pie , Humanos , Masculino , Equilibrio Postural , Caminata/fisiología
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA
...