Effects of a small natural barrier on the spatial distribution of the fish assemblage in the Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil / Efeitos de uma pequena barreira natural sobre a distribuição espacial da assembleia de peixes no rio Verde, bacia do alto rio Paraná, Brasil

Geographical barriers influence species distribution and play an important role in the segregation of fish assemblages. The present study aims to test the influence of a small natural barrier on the spatial distribution of fish species in the Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil, considering two biotopes: upstream and downstream of the Branca Waterfall. We observed the highest species richness downstream of the Branca Waterfall, which also had the highest number of exclusive species. Richness, evenness, and abundance varied significantly among biotopes. The composition and structure of the fish assemblage differed between biotopes, which were characterized by different indicator species, mainly downstream of the Branca Waterfall. Physical and chemical variables and geographical distance between sites were not responsible for the differences observed. Hence, the present study shows that small barriers can also be crucial in structuring fish fauna and play a key role in the segregation of fish assemblages.(AU)

As barreiras geográficas influenciam a distribuição das espécies e desempenham um papel importante na segregação das assembleias de peixes. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar mudanças espaciais na assembleia de peixes do rio Verde, sob a influência de uma pequena barreira geográfica natural, bacia do alto rio Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Para isso, seis locais foram amostrados e agrupados em dois biótopos: montante e jusante da cachoeira Branca. Maior riqueza e número de espécies exclusivas foram observadas a jusante da cachoeira Branca. A riqueza, equitabilidade e abundância diferiram significativamente entre os biótopos. Além disso, a composição e a estrutura da assembleia de peixes também diferiram entre os biótopos, os quais foram caracterizados por distintas espécies indicadoras, especialmente a jusante da cachoeira Branca. As variáveis físicas e químicas da água e as distâncias geográficas, entre os locais, não foram responsáveis pelas diferenças observadas. Dessa forma, este estudo demonstrou que pequenas barreiras geográficas podem ser cruciais na estruturação da ictiofauna e desempenhar um papel-chave na segregação de assembleias de peixes.(AU)

Effects of a small natural barrier on the spatial distribution of the fish assemblage in the Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin,Brazil / Efeitos de uma pequena barreira natural sobre a distribuição espacial da assembleia de peixes no rio Verde, bacia do alto rio Paraná, Brasil

Abstract Geographical barriers influence species distribution and play an important role in the segregation of fish assemblages. The present study aims to test the influence of a small natural barrier on the spatial distribution of fish species in the Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil, considering two biotopes: upstream and downstream of the Branca Waterfall. We observed the highest species richness downstream of the Branca Waterfall, which also had the highest number of exclusive species. Richness, evenness, and abundance varied significantly among biotopes. The composition and structure of the fish assemblage differed between biotopes, which were characterized by different indicator species, mainly downstream of the Branca Waterfall. Physical and chemical variables and geographical distance between sites were not responsible for the differences observed. Hence, the present study shows that small barriers can also be crucial in structuring fish fauna and play a key role in the segregation of fish assemblages.

Resumo As barreiras geográficas influenciam a distribuição das espécies e desempenham um papel importante na segregação das assembleias de peixes. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar mudanças espaciais na assembleia de peixes do rio Verde, sob a influência de uma pequena barreira geográfica natural, bacia do alto rio Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Para isso, seis locais foram amostrados e agrupados em dois biótopos: montante e jusante da cachoeira Branca. Maior riqueza e número de espécies exclusivas foram observadas a jusante da cachoeira Branca. A riqueza, equitabilidade e abundância diferiram significativamente entre os biótopos. Além disso, a composição e a estrutura da assembleia de peixes também diferiram entre os biótopos, os quais foram caracterizados por distintas espécies indicadoras, especialmente a jusante da cachoeira Branca. As variáveis físicas e químicas da água e as distâncias geográficas, entre os locais, não foram responsáveis pelas diferenças observadas. Dessa forma, este estudo demonstrou que pequenas barreiras geográficas podem ser cruciais na estruturação da ictiofauna e desempenhar um papel-chave na segregação de assembleias de peixes.

Effects of a small natural barrier on the spatial distribution of the fish assemblage in the Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin,Brazil.

Geographical barriers influence species distribution and play an important role in the segregation of fish assemblages. The present study aims to test the influence of a small natural barrier on the spatial distribution of fish species in the Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil, considering two biotopes: upstream and downstream of the Branca Waterfall. We observed the highest species richness downstream of the Branca Waterfall, which also had the highest number of exclusive species. Richness, evenness, and abundance varied significantly among biotopes. The composition and structure of the fish assemblage differed between biotopes, which were characterized by different indicator species, mainly downstream of the Branca Waterfall. Physical and chemical variables and geographical distance between sites were not responsible for the differences observed. Hence, the present study shows that small barriers can also be crucial in structuring fish fauna and play a key role in the segregation of fish assemblages.

The role of submerged trees in the early development of fishes in a Neotropical reservoir.

It was hypothesized that the structural heterogeneity provided by submerged trees positively favours the spatial distribution of fish abundance at early stages of development in an area under the influence of a Neotropical reservoir in the Paraná River basin. The distribution at early stages of development of the most abundant species was evaluated. To remove any possible confounding effect related to local environmental variables, changes in these were also evaluated. Sampling was carried out at sites with and without submerged trees. Among all individuals sampled, 96·1% were classified as larvae and 3·9% as juveniles. The area without submerged trees showed higher total abundance, but there were spatial differences in the distribution of early stage fishes. From the moment the larvae are able to swim actively, they search for sites with a complex structure. The results show that reaches with submerged trees play an important role in the early development of fishes in reservoirs, and, hence, the preservation of those trees is essential to maintain biodiversity in reservoirs.