Childhood obesity: a (re) programming disease?

The aim of our article was to review the current literature on the effects of metabolic (re) programming on childhood obesity. PubMed/MEDLINE was the data source used to track the studies. Descriptors applied: children obesity, epigenetic, metabolic programming, exercise and nutrition. The focus was to analyze and discuss the international findings on the theme. The gathering of the papers was performed between June and August 2014. The search of articles with the descriptors used found 33.054 studies. In all, 5.709 studies were selected by crossing chosen keywords. Among these, after careful reading of the titles, 712 papers were considered potential as references. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 50 studies were selected from 132 eligible abstracts. Most studies linked the development and treatment of obesity from epigenetically stimulated metabolic programming during the early stages of pregnancy and life. This review provides theoretical basis to the understanding that the programmed development of childhood obesity may be linked to early exposure to environmental factors, such as (nutrition and regular practice of exercise) and stimulus can epigenetically alter the modulation of the obesogenic metabolic behavior during pregnancy and the developmental stages of children and/or postpone the pathophysiologic disease stage to adulthood.

Toxicology of Lapachol in rats: embryolethality.

Lapachol is a naphtoquinone with therapeutic potential against enterovirus, Chagas disease and is also used as an antimalarial and antiinflamatory agent. In order to study teratogenic potential of Lapachol, pregnant Wistar rats were treated with 0.5 ml of distilled water (control group); 0.5 ml of hydroalcoholic solution (vehicle group) and 10 mg of Lapachol in 0.5 ml of hydroalcoholic solution (treated group) by oral gavage from the 8th to the 12th day of pregnancy. The following variables were observed: maternal body weight on days 1, 6, l5 and 21 and food intake on days 2, 6, 15 and 21 of pregnancy. The number of live and dead fetuses and the sites of resorptions were counted. The ovaries were weighed and the corpora lutea were counted. Data were analyzed by ANOVA-one way, Dunnett test and the chi square test. Significance level test alpha = 0.05. Results have shown that mothers were unaffected but there were a 99.2% of fetus mortality, indicative of a strong abortifacient effect of Lapachol in rats.

Toxicology of Lapachol in rats: embryolethality

Lapachol is a naphtoquinone with therapeutic potential against enterovirus, Chagas disease and is also used as an antimalarial and antiinflamatory agent. In order to study teratogenic potential of Lapachol, pregnant Wistar rats were treated with 0.5 ml of distilled water (control group); 0.5 ml of hydroalcoholic solution (vehicle group) and 10 mg of Lapachol in 0.5 ml of hydroalcoholic solution (treated group) by oral gavage from the 8th to the 12th day of pregnancy. The following variables were observed: maternal body weight on days 1, 6, l5 and 21 and food intake on days 2, 6, 15 and 21 of pregnancy. The number of live and dead fetuses and the sites of resorptions were counted. The ovaries were weighed and the corpora lutea were counted. Data were analyzed by ANOVA-one way, Dunnett test and the chi square test. Significance level test alpha = 0.05. Results have shown that mothers were unaffected but there were a 99.2 percent of fetus mortality, indicative of a strong abortifacient effect of Lapachol in rats

Desenvolvimento pré-embrionário em ratas tratadas com oxcarbazepina nos quatro primeiros dias após a inseminaçäo / Pre-embryo development in rats treated with oxcarbazepine in the first four days after insemination

A oxcarbazepina é uma droga antiepiléptica de alta eficácia e poucos efeitos colaterais, mas pouco estudada quanto a seus efeitos durante a gestaçäo humana e animal. OBJETIVO: Verificar se a administraçäo de oxcarbazepine em ratas, nos quatro primeiros dias após a inseminaçäo, altera a viabilidade ou o desenvolvimento do pré-embriäo. MÉTODOS: Ratas Wistar foram tratadas com 20 ou 200 mg de oxcarbazepina/ Kg de peso corporal, via gástrica, nos dias 1, 2, 3, ou 4 a partir da inseminaçäo ou, consecutivamente, do 1º ao 4º. Os pré-embriões foram coletados no quinto dia, visando verificar a quantidade e o desenvolvimento até a fase de blastocisto expandido. O peso corporal materno e sinais como pelos eriçados e alteraçäo de atividade locomotora foram anotados para verificar indícios de toxicidade materna. Número de corpos lúteos e peso de ovários foram anotados com vistas à capacidade reprodutiva do animal. RESULTADOS: Näo ocorreram perdas de pesos corporais maternos e nenhuma alteraçäo física indicativa de desconforto para as ratas. Peso de ovários e número de corpos lúteos näo diferiram entre tratados e controles. O número médio de pré-embrioes por mäes, o índice de perdas embrionárias, a proporçäo de blastocistos expandidos com relaçäo ao total de pré-embriões e a média de blastocistos expandidos/mäe, näo diferiram entre tratados e controles. CONCLUSÇO: A oxcarbazepina administrada em ratas, seguindo o esquema terapêutico mencionado, näo apresentou efeito tóxico sobre a mäe e näo alterou o desenvolvimento do pré-embriäo

Effects of Dalbergia subcymosa Ducke decoction on rats and their offspring during pregnancy.

In order to evaluate Dalbergia subcymosa Ducke stem bark decoction for possible embryo-fetotoxicity effects and disturbance of postnatal development of pups, female rats were treated on days 6-15 of pregnancy with either the decoction (40 mg/rat) or distilled water (0.5 ml/rat), by gastric intubation. Half of the animals were killed on day 20 and the other half was allowed to deliver. Maternal, fetal and newborn studies suggest absence of embryo-fetotoxicity and no disturbance of postnatal development of the pups indicating that the beverage may be safe for human use as an anti-inflammatory.

The action of chlormadinone acetate on the estradiol uptake by rat organ cultures.

PIP: The action of chlormadinone acetate on the estradiol uptake by rat organ cultures was investigated. Rat hypothalami and uteri tissue were incubated in TC 199 medium for 49 or 72 hours with tritiated estradiol-17beta and unlabeled estradiol or chlormadinone acetate. Chlormadinone acetate added simultaneously to tritiated estradiol inhibited the estradiol uptake (p less than .01) and when added 24 hours previously, the uptake increased (p less than .01) in both uterus and hypothalamus. Unlabeled estradiol also diminished (p less than .01) the estradiol uptake when added simultaneously and increased its uptake when added prior to tritiated estradiol-17beta. These results may indicate an estrogeniclike effect of chlormadinone acetate, perhaps by increasing the binding sites.^ieng