Ultrastructural Aspects of The Intestinal Cells Surface of Angiostrongylus Cantonensis By Using of Transmission Electron Microscopy.

The rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic parasite and the main cause of eosinophilic meningitis in the world. Its main source of nutrients originates from the degradation of host hemoglobin in blood-feeding helminths, such as A. cantonensis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ultrastructure of the intestinal cells by using of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A. cantonensis worms obtained from Rattus norvegicus (norway rats) from endemic area were used for TEM. The ultrastructural analysis was performed using fragments cut from the middle part of the worms, and the TEM study revealed the cells with microvilli and nuclei containing areas of loose and condensed chromatin and the presence of macrovesicles and microvesicles of digestion and it was observed in this study that intestinal epithelium is look like a syncytium. The ultrastructural aspects of the intestinal cells surface of A. Cantonensis the indicate that the intestinal epithelium is a multinucleate mosaic or syncytium.

Validez de la ingesta energética estimada por registro alimentario en deportistas recreacionales / Validity of energy intake determined by food record in recreational sportspeoples

Introducción: Las estimaciones no representativas de la ingesta habitual reducen la validez de una investigación.Objetivos: Determinar qué proporción de un grupo de adultos que practican actividad física en forma recreacional, realizan registros alimentarios de escasa validez para estimar la ingesta energética habitual. Determinar si la validez de la ingesta energética estimada se asocia con determinadas características de los encuestados (sociodemográficas y antropométricas entre otras). Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Se incluyeron adultos de 19 a 70 años, de ambos sexos, que realizaron actividad física programada en 4 establecimientos deportivos en Capita Federal y el Conurbano bonaerense de julio a septiembre de 2009. Se realizaron dos entrevistas, mediciones antropométricas, un registro alimentario de 6 días y un registro de actividad física. Para identificar ingesta estimadas no representativas de la ingesta habitual se utilizó el método de Mc.Crory y col., con un punto de corte ±1DE. Resultados: De los 48 encuestados, el 31,3% (n=15) realizó un registroalimentario compatible con una subestimación de la ingesta energética habitual. El 22,9% (n=11) de los encuestados realizó un registro alimentario que posiblemente sobrestimó la ingesta de energía. La circunferencia de cintura aumentada y el sobrepeso se asociaron con el subregistro (p<0,01), mientras que en el grupo que posiblemente sobrestimó la ingesta había una mayor proporción de individuos con un nivel educativo mayor al secundario completo (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Tanto el sub como el sobre registro estuvieron presentes en este grupo y deben ser tenidos en cuenta al diseñar estudios que utilicen estas herramientas.

Farmacodermia em um cão após administração de antibióticos do grupo betalactâmico: relato de caso / Pharmacodermia in a dog after administration of beta-lactam antibiotics: case report

A severe cutaneous reaction in a female dog after administration of penicillin and cephalexin is described, in which the main signs presented by the patient were fever, lack of appetite, and detachment of epidermis in the dorsal region of body.The established treatment was surgical debridement of the region, topical application of Aloe Vera with sugar, and systemic antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin, resulting in the recovery and wound closure in approximately 45 days.

Farmacodermia em um cão após administração de antibióticos do grupo betalactâmico: relato de caso / Pharmacodermia in a dog after administration of beta-lactam antibiotics: case report

A severe cutaneous reaction in a female dog after administration of penicillin and cephalexin is described, in which the main signs presented by the patient were fever, lack of appetite, and detachment of epidermis in the dorsal region of body.The established treatment was surgical debridement of the region, topical application of Aloe Vera with sugar, and systemic antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin, resulting in the recovery and wound closure in approximately 45 days.(AU)

[Development of a milk beverage based on pumpkin flakes]. / Desenvolvimento de bebida láctea a base de flocos de abóbora.

Vitamin A deficiency is one of the majors public health problems in Brazilian Northeast, and among other causes may be concerned to precocious weaning. Aiming at reducing this problem, a dehydrated product based on powdered milk and pumpkin flakes was developed to act as a carotene source at weaning period. Pumpkin flakes were obtained by drum drying at a 6 atm steam pressure, 0.75 m2 contact surface and 1 rpm, and had their content of carotenoids, beta carotene, centesimal composition molds and yeast and faecal coliforms evaluated. The flakes were added to sugar and whole powdered milk according to FAO/WHO nutritional recommendation to 6-12 months old children and submitted to acceptability test by a 6 judges' panel. The results showed that the drying process had a 7% efficiency score and the flakes composition presented 4.84% moisture; 4.0% protein; 5.5% ash; 1.30% fat; 6.22% fiber; 78.14% carbohydrates; 115.08 micrograms/g total carotenois and 80.64 micrograms/g beta-carotene content. No coliforms were detected and molds and yeast content was 4.0 x 10(2) CFU/g. The powdered formulation properly diluted in water supports 45% of the RDA for children (calories, protein, carbohydrates and lipids) and 100% vitamin A and protein considering a 400 ml/day ingestion.

Quality control of food products purchased by the National School-Feeding Programme in Pernambuco, northeast Brazil, from 1985 to 1988.

The effectiveness of the Quality Control System (QCS) implemented by the Fundação de Assistência ao Escolar (FAE) for quality control of food products from different types and origins purchased by the National School-Feeding Programme (NSFP) in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, was evaluated. Physicochemical, microbiological, microscopical and organopetical analyses were performed in 4,860 food samples and the main causes of alterations were detected. Perishability was the characteristic used for distribution of food items into 3 main groups: A, B, and C. In accordance with 972 Quality Certificates between 1985 and 1988, 31.89 of the samples were rejected. The main reasons for rejection were innacuracies of net weight and drained weight and high moisture contents. Group B presented the smallest number of altered samples (27%); for Groups A and C these values were 33% and 44%, respectively. Our data lead to the conclusion that the QCS implemented by FAE is of paramount importance for an adequate quality control of foods provided to beneficiaries and for a good cost effectiveness of the school-feeding programme.

PIP: In Brazil, approximately 25 million children from state elementary schools are covered by the National School-Feeding Program (NSFP). Since 1985 a quality control system (QCS) has supervised the foods distributed by the NSFP. The control of 24 accredited laboratories, called Basis Units (BUs), includes collection, inspection, and analysis. The effectiveness of the QCS was investigated after 4 years of implementation in Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 4860 samples of food (972 lots) was collected, inspected, and analyzed between 1985 and 1988. Foods were distributed into: Group A (the least perishable goods: sugar, beans, rice, oil, salt), Group B (moderately perishable goods: biscuits, chocolate, manioc flour, corn, meal, dried skim milk, macaroni, sugar-cane syrup, canned sardines, ground corn) and Group C (the most perishable goods: dried and salted fish and meat). Physicochemical, organoleptical, microscopical, and microbiological analyses were performed by the Laboratory of Food Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco. Results were transcribed to the correspondent Quality Certificate and compared with standard values. Rejection occurred when only 1 critical alteration and/or 2 or more acceptable alterations were present in the food. Data from 972 Quality Certificates showed a slight decline in the rejection levels of food samples from 1985 to 1987, with a tendency towards stabilization in 1988. However, in 1988, rejection levels declined for Group B and increased for Groups A and C. About 31.89% of the total samples did not comply with the standards and were rejected. The highest and the lowest values for quality were found in samples of Group B and C, respectively; and intermediate values were detected in Group A. Group B presented the smallest number of altered samples (27%). The main reasons for rejection of foods in Group A were inaccuracies of the net weight, unsatisfactory grain classification, high moisture contents, and the presence of insects. The QCS is of paramount importance for beneficiaries' protection and for cost effectiveness of the school-feeding program.

Quality control of food products purchased by the National School-Feeding Programme in Pernambuco, northeast Brazil, from 1985 to 1988

The effectiveness of the Quality Control System (QCS) implemented by the Fundaçäo de Assistência ao Escolar (FAE) for quality control of food products from different types and origins purchased by the National School-Feeding Programme (NSFP) in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, was evaluated. Physicochemical, microbiological, microscopical and organopetical analyses were performed in 4,860 food samples and the main causes of alterations were detected. Perishability was the characteristic used for distribution of food items into 3 main groups: A, B, and C. In accordance with 972 Quality Certificates between 1985 and 1988, 31.89 of the samples were rejected. The main reasons for rejection were innacuracies of net weight and drained weight and high moisture contents. Group B presented the smallest number of altered samples (27%); for Groups A and C these values were 33% and 44%, respectively. Our data lead to the conclusion that the QCS implemented by FAE is of paramount importance for an adequate quality control of foods provided to beneficiaries and for a good cost effectiveness of the school-feeding programme

[Nutritional and taste properties of canned cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp). I. Effect of the canning process]. / Propriedades nutricionais e sensoriais do feijao macáçar verde (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) enlatado. I. Efeito do processo de enlatamento.

The effects of canning in brine on cowpea quality (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) were determined. Beans were steamed-blanched at 100 degrees C for 2 minutes, and then canned and autoclaved at 121 degrees C for 10 minutes. These samples were compared to home-cooked cowpea samples through physicochemical, sensory and biological analyses. Significant reductions (p < or = 0.01) in canned bean composition as to values for protein, carbohydrate and fiber were determined when compared to cooked samples. The available methionine content was identical for both processes, but canned beans produced higher values of available lysine than cooked ones. Values for Net Protein Ratio (NPR)--3.19 showed that canning did not affect protein quality of canned beans. These results were similar to the ones found in home-cooked cowpeas (2.96). According to physicochemical analyses, quantitative losses did not seem to affect protein quality, and acceptance of product was found to be satisfactory to tasters.

[Nutritional and taste properties of canned cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. II. Effect of storage]. / Propriedades nutricionais e sensoriais do feijão macáçar verde (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) enlatado. II. Efeito do armazenamento.

In order to evaluate the effects of storage on nutritional and sensory properties of canned cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), a batch of 180 cans was stocked at room temperature (22 degrees C to 32 degrees C) for a period of six months. At intervals of 0, 30, 90 and 180 days, 26 samples collected randomly were submitted to physicochemical, sensory and biological analyses. Significant statistical reductions (p < or = 0.01 to p < or = 0.05) were observed due to storage time, having this significance increased for proteins after 90 days and for lipids after 30 days, as well as a decrease on the amino acid values, thus indicating the occurrence of chemical reactions, although acceptance of the product was found to be satisfactory throughout the whole experiment. No evidence was discovered of the presence of gas producer microorganisms. According to physicochemical analyses, quantitative losses in protein, lipids, available methionine and lysine did not seem to affect protein quality, in spite of a significant reduction (p < or = 0.01) in weight gain and Coefficient of Food Efficiency of samples stored for 180 days when compared to those freshly canned on day 0, though values for Net Protein Ratio (NPR) showed no discernible decrease; these data lead to the conclusion that canned cowpeas stored can be consumed without, restrictions, in spite of the slight decrease in biological value caused by the time of storage.

Safety and immunogenicity of acellular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and Haemophilus conjugate vaccines given in combination or at separate injection sites.

This prospective, double-blind, randomized trial compared the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of acellular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine-diphtheria toxoid conjugate, given at separate injection sites or at a single site, in 79 children 18 months of age who had received three prior immunizing doses of whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. No significant differences were observed.

Frequency and severity of infections in day care: three-year follow-up.

This study was undertaken to compare prospectively the frequency, nature, and severity of infections in children participating in three types of child care arrangements: home care, group care (two to six children), and day care (seven or more children). Children were enrolled at birth and observed for at least 36 months. The families were telephoned every 2 weeks to record on a standardized form the type and severity of illness during the previous interval. Children remaining in their original child care group for 1, 2, or 3 years were compared with regard to the frequency and severity of illness. Each child care group had the highest number of infections in year 2. Children in day care had more respiratory infections during each year than children in home care, but the magnitude of the differences decreased in year 3. When the child care groups were compared for the proportion of children with more than six illness per year or more than 60 days of respiratory illness per year, significant differences observed in years 1 and 2 for day care children compared with home care children were no longer significant in year 3. We conclude that there is a trend toward stabilized or decreased rates of infection, duration of illness, and risk of hospitalization for children remaining in day care for 3 years.

Subacute sinusitis in children.

The bacteriologic characteristics of subacute maxillary sinusitis have not been delineated in the pediatric age group. Forty children between the ages of 2 and 12 years with respiratory symptoms for at least 30 but less than 120 days were evaluated. Nasal discharge and cough were the most prominent symptoms. Common radiographic findings were diffuse opacification and mucosal thickenings. Sinus aspiration was performed on 52 sinuses of 40 children. Bacterial colony counts greater than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units per milliliter were found in 30 (58%) of 52 sinus aspirates obtained from 26 (65%) children. The bacterial species most commonly recovered were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Branhamella catarrhalis. Twenty-five percent of the maxillary sinus isolates were beta-lactamase producing; however, many of these were recovered from patients who had recently received antimicrobial therapy. Subacute and acute maxillary sinusitis are similar in regard to causative organism, clinical presentation, and radiographic findings.

Actitud del adulto hacia el niño con defecto del lenguaje / Attitud of adults towards children with language disorders

En relación a 50 niños con dificultad de lenguaje, se estudia la actitud de dos adultos con roles de responsabilidad en el tema: el adulto que vive con el niño y el pediatra que lo atiende. Los resultados muestran que el adulto en el hogar cumple en forma deficiente su rol en el 80% de los casos y que el pediatra en su papel no detecta ni deriva al niño en forma oportuna. También se estudian las conductas afectivas de este grupo de niños. Los resultados dan un 80% de niños con dificultades. Se sugiere revisar el tema en estudios futuros, con proyección al resto del país

Frequency and severity of infections in day care.

This study was undertaken to compare prospectively the frequency, nature, and severity of infections experienced by children in three types of child care arrangements: home care, group care (two to six children), and day care (seven or more children). Children were enrolled at birth and observed for 12 to 18 months. At entry there were 159 children in home care, 40 in group care, and 45 in day care. The families were telephoned every 2 weeks to record on a standardized form the type and severity of illnesses experienced during the previous interval. Severe illnesses were defined by high fever, duration exceeding 10 days, or physician visit. Children remaining in their original child care group for at least 1 year were compared with regard to the frequency and severity of illness. Children in group care and day care were more likely than children in home care to experience at least six respiratory infections, more than 60 days of illness, and more than four severe illnesses (P less than 0.01). Similarly, life table analyses showed that children in home care had fewer episodes of infection than did children in day care (P less than 0.01). Although no children were hospitalized because of acute infections during the first year of study, hospitalization for myringotomy and tube placement occurred in 21% of children in day care and 3% of children in home care (P less than 0.01).

Alteraciones en el circuito neurofisiológico del lenguaje oral en niños con déficit de habla / Alterations in the neurophysiological circuit of speech in children with speech disorders

El lenguage se estructura sobre una base neurofisiológica que debe ser concebida como un circuito formado por el oído, la vía auditiva aferente, al nivel central del habla, la vía eferente y los órganos fonatorios. Aprovechando este enfoque realizamos una evaluación clínica en niños con defectos del habla para detectar las posibles alteraciones en cada nivel de circuito. Los resultados muestran alteraciones en todos los niveles de circuito. Se reconoce la importancia del nivel central y a la vez las dificultades para su evaluación. Se recomienda al pediatra tener presente este esquema de pensamiento al enfrentar niños con defectos del habla y recordar que los resultados de este estudio le permiten abandonar creencias erróneas sobre el tema

Trastornos del lenguaje en el niño que habla mal según una clasificación evolutiva / Languaje disorders in children who speak bad by according to an evolutive classification

Ante la necesiddad de calificar las alteraciones del lenguaje en los niños que son derivados a centros especializados por hablar mal se decide utilizar una nueva clasificación con un enfoque evolutivo. Se estudian las dificultades del lenguaje en 50 niños entre 2 y 11 años de edad. Los resultados muestran una distribución de los trastornos en las 6 entidades nosológicas que la clasificación contempla como propias de la adquisición del lenguaje y en las 2 entidades nosológicas en que la afección corresponde al lenguaje ya adquirido. Se propone el uso clínico de la clasificación en la práctica pediátrica por las cualidades que demostró tener en el presente trabajo

Hipercolesterolemia familiar. A propósito de un caso típico / Familial hypercholesterolemia. Report of a typical case

Presentamos un caso de hipercolesterolemia familiar en un enfermo de la raza negra que presenta estigmas periféricos típicos de esta entidad, así como investigaciones complementarias incluyendo biopsia de uno de los adenomas xantomatosos, que concordó con el diagnóstico clínico y humoral de hipercolesterolemia familiar esencial. El paciente fue ingresado por presentar un infarto del miocardio, complicación frecuente de este trastorno metabólico lipídico(AU)

Anemia perniciosa genuina. Entidad poco frecuente en nuestro medio / Genuine pernicious anemia. A rare entity in our environment

Se realiza un estudio a un paciente que presenta anemia perniciosa genuina, diagnosticado por medulograma, gastroquimograma, gastroscopia y biopsia gástrica, sin trastornos neurológicos, que logró remisión completa con la terapéutica exclusiva de vitamina B12. En estos momentos se mantiene con cifras normales de hemoglobina e incorporado a sus actividades habituales(AU)