RESUMEN
Data of researches of consequences for health after the Chernobyl accident in 1986 are generalized. Consequences for health of these groups and principles of the further supervision over them are estimated. The increasing of leukemia among the reasons attracts attention.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Radiación Aguda , Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Defensa Civil/organización & administración , Leucemia Inducida por Radiación , Monitoreo de Radiación , Salud Radiológica/organización & administración , Síndrome de Radiación Aguda/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Radiación Aguda/epidemiología , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental/métodos , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental/patogenicidad , Humanos , Leucemia Inducida por Radiación/diagnóstico , Leucemia Inducida por Radiación/epidemiología , Monitoreo de Radiación/métodos , Monitoreo de Radiación/estadística & datos numéricos , Ceniza Radiactiva , Trabajo de Rescate/organización & administración , Medición de Riesgo , Sobrevivientes , Triaje/organización & administración , U.R.S.S./epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The paper sums up the information on radiation incidents at the former USSR territory, which incidents are related to the human exposure of clinically significant effects. Within more than 60 years (since 1949), at least 356 radiation incidents accompanied by the clinically significant human exposure have happened at the former USSR territory, which has resulted to clinically significant health effects in 765 victims. This exposed cohort includes 348 acute radiation sickness (ARS) patients including cases aggravated by local radiation injuries (LRI). 407 victims were affected by local radiation injuries only. Totally, 71 radiation induced fatalities were observed within first 3-4 months after the irradiation. The maximum adverse effects as a result of accidental exposure of radiation incidents in the former USSR territory, had a place for professional workers whose work is associated with sources of ionizing
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Trabajo , Síndrome de Radiación Aguda/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Ocupacionales/diagnóstico , Traumatismos por Radiación/diagnóstico , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Accidentes de Trabajo/historia , Accidentes de Trabajo/estadística & datos numéricos , Síndrome de Radiación Aguda/epidemiología , Síndrome de Radiación Aguda/etiología , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Traumatismos Ocupacionales/epidemiología , Traumatismos Ocupacionales/etiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/epidemiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa/historia , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa/estadística & datos numéricos , Contaminantes Radiactivos/toxicidad , Salud Radiológica/historia , Salud Radiológica/estadística & datos numéricos , Índices de Gravedad del Trauma , U.R.S.S./epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The author of the article analyzes the significance of radiation medicine in the system of medical sciences, and stresses that radiation medicine and other fields of medicine have a lot of common points in their interests and the ways of development. All these points concern patients and problems of the evaluation of their health status in connection with diverse forms of radiation contacts. The author discusses the reliability of the sources of information and the forms of data presentation in the main publications addressed to certain groups of medical practitioners, researchers, and healthcare managers. The most significant results of radiation medicine, which may be useful to clinical medicine in general, are summarized in the article. The author annotates and assesses the targeting of manuals of radiobiology and radiation medicine issued in the resent years.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos por Radiación , Protección Radiológica , Radiobiología , Salud Radiológica , Adulto , Accidente Nuclear de Chernóbil , Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria , Humanos , Medicina Interna , Leucemia Inducida por Radiación/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/etiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/diagnóstico , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/prevención & control , Ceniza Radiactiva , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Investigación , Factores de RiesgoAsunto(s)
Enfermedades Pulmonares/etiología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiología , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación , Neumonitis por Radiación/etiología , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Masculino , Minería , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Ocupaciones , Plutonio/efectos adversos , Centrales Eléctricas , Dosis de Radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación/diagnóstico , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Neumonitis por Radiación/diagnóstico , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Radón/efectos adversos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/complicaciones , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Ucrania , Uranio/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The author analysed results of medical service in atomic industry and power engineering over 50 years. Those results are beneficial for management in occupational medicine for any new complicated and potentially dangerous technology and activity.
Asunto(s)
Ingeniería , Industrias , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador/organización & administración , Centrales Eléctricas , Traumatismos por Radiación/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Enfermedades Profesionales/mortalidad , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The article deals with consequences seen in track driver after prolonged exposure to radiation caused by "lost" gamma-source (cesium-137) that long remained in receptacle of the vehicle's left door. Radiation dose averaged 8 Gy. The authors presented clinical manifestations, changes in peripheral blood and bone marrow, cytogenetic data by progression of radiation hemopoiesis hypoplasy to myelodysplastic syndrome and to acute leukaemia.
Asunto(s)
Conducción de Automóvil , Cesio/efectos adversos , Rayos gamma/efectos adversos , Leucemia/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/complicaciones , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad Crónica , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Encefalopatía Hepática , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Health effects as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant occurred in 1986 are considered in the paper. Wrong prognosis of the health effects with respect to mortality and morbidity among the population exposed to low radiation doses is shown. Proven increase in thyroid cancer cases among people who were children aged from 0 to 18 at the time of the accident is shown. Linear relationship between thyroid cancer cases and dose to thyroid ranged from 0.2 to 4.0 Gy is considered. An additional absolute risk of thyroid cancer in children varies in the range 1.9-2.6 cases per 10(4) person-year Gy. During the fifteen years following the accident no cases of acute and chronic radiation sickness have been revealed because the population living in contaminated areas received low radiation doses. Also, exposures to low radiation doses did not result in excess of malignant tumors among population. In some cases the outcomes of acute radiation sickness were as follows: radiation damages to the skin, cancer cataracts, development of oncopathology.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/etiología , Centrales Eléctricas , Traumatismos por Radiación , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/epidemiología , Embarazo , Pronóstico , Dosis de Radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación/epidemiología , República de Belarús/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/epidemiología , Factores de Tiempo , Ucrania/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The analysis was performed on 514 blood lymphocytes from a person accidentally exposed to 137Cs. Blood samples were collected 1 year after exposure three times at intervals of one month. Terminal deletions and simple translocations were found to predominate in all cases. No differences between these cases were observed on analysing total frequency of stable chromosome aberrations. However, the frequency of terminal deletions decreased and frequencies of exchange-type aberration increased with time after exposure. Chromosome #4 was more involved in stable aberrations than it would be expected from the relative chromosome lengths. Clonal aberrations del-ter (5)(q31 or 32) were found.
Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Traumatismos por Radiación/genética , Adulto , Bandeo Cromosómico , Humanos , Linfocitos , Masculino , Traumatismos por Radiación/sangreRESUMEN
Information being collected for some tens year in frame of clinical study of radiation effects in man in broad range of dose and exposure variants has been summarised and systematized. It has been formulated the questions which could be answered under only clinical observation with many difficulties: diagnostical and prognostical criteria for evaluation of therapy efficiency in non-bone marrow syndrome of acute radiation disease choice and conformity of methods of bone marrow syndrome therapy in overlethal range of dose; improving of preclinical examination of means and methods of acute radiation syndrome prophylaxis and treatment; comparative analysis of the role of various radiation factors in development of oncological and severe somatic diseases and possibility of these effects modification. Some limitations in extrapolation of experimental data onto clinical practice has been discussed and optimal forms of cooperation are shown.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos por Radiación/terapia , Radiobiología/métodos , Médula Ósea/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Intestinos/efectos de la radiación , Pulmón/efectos de la radiación , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Factores de Riesgo , SíndromeRESUMEN
Causes of death were analysed for two groups of subjects exposed to radiation in 1986 because of the Chernobyl accident. 27 victims were exposed to external gamma-radiation (4.3-13.7 Gy) in the moment of or few hours after the accident. Most of these subjects had radiation sickness of different severity in combination with local radiation lesions. 2 victims had severe thermal burns. 405 victims worked as wreckers or emergency teams members in the contaminated area in different time after the accident. They died most frequently of traumas, accidents, cancer, cardiovascular diseases. Most of deaths in this group were attributed to general somatic causes unrelated to the hazards of the ionizing radiation.
Asunto(s)
Causas de Muerte , Traumatismos por Radiación/mortalidad , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dosis de Radiación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Ucrania/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Accidentes , Reactores Nucleares , Centrales Eléctricas , Accidentes/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedad Aguda , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Pronóstico , Traumatismos por Radiación/diagnóstico , Traumatismos por Radiación/epidemiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/mortalidad , Traumatismos por Radiación/terapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Ucrania/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Results, prospects of studying the effects of ionizing radiation on human beings are considered with regard to the outcomes of the Chernobyl catastrophe and the results of a 5-year implementation of the All-Union Programme C-27. Present-day problems and approaches to investigation for the nearest 5-year period are formulated.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes , Reactores Nucleares , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Mortalidad Infantil , Recién Nacido , Leucemia Inducida por Radiación/etiología , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/etiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Dosis de Radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación/diagnóstico , Traumatismos por Radiación/terapia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , U.R.S.S. , UcraniaRESUMEN
An analysis is given to pilot experience with up-dated plastic surgery techniques in management of hand radiation injuries. Seven patients underwent surgery involving cross-over skin, scapular, radial and inguinal grafts, sliding Littler island graft. The results (both short- and lond-term) turned promising.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos de la Mano/cirugía , Traumatismos por Radiación/cirugía , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Dermatologicos , Traumatismos de la Mano/complicaciones , Humanos , Traumatismos por Radiación/complicacionesRESUMEN
Rates of mortality from hemopoietic and lymphoid malignancies for 1948-1987 were studied in male staff of industrial atomic reactors and radiochemical industry for irradiated uranium processing versus dose of external gamma radiation. An increase in mortality due to radiation--induced acute leukemia was registered in the radiochemical industry staff 5-10 years following the start of exposure and was associated with high dose of external radiation. The risk of acute leukemia for this period was 1.65 x 10(-3) x Sv-1 cases during 5 years whereas within the other 30-35 years of follow-up the risk of death from hemolymphoblastosis or acute leukemia was less than 1 x 10(-3) x Sv(-1) during 5 years.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Inducida por Radiación/etiología , Linfoma/etiología , Reactores Nucleares , Enfermedades Profesionales/etiología , Radioquímica , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/etiología , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/etiología , Masculino , Mieloma Múltiple/etiología , Micosis Fungoide/etiología , Exposición Profesional , Dosis de Radiación , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Uranio/efectos adversos , Uranio/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
The paper is concerned with analysis of correlation of the time of appearance of vomit in a person and a mean dose rate of prolonged gamma-radiation in the persons affected at the Chernobyl accident. The data were approximated by power function. For irradiation with a constant dose rate (P) such correlation looks like Tp = 2.48p-0.5, where Tp is the time of the beginning of vomit, hours after the beginning of irradiation. A semiempirical model combining different conditions of irradiation was formed. Prognosis of a severity of lesion with relation to the time of vomit was given for different conditions of irradiation.