[Educational intervention as a prevention strategy for intestinal parasitosis, and assessment of the enteroparasitological status in child development centers in the city of Santa Fe, Argentina]. / Intervención educativa como estrategia de prevención de parasitosis intestinales y valoración del estado enteroparasitológico en centros de desarrollo infantil de la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina.

Intestinal parasitic diseases constitute a cosmopolitan public health concern, with greater prevalence in developing countries, and mainly affecting children. The aim of this study was to develop an educational intervention aimed at mothers/guardians of children attending three child development centers (CDI) in Santa Fe, Argentina, during 2018. An educational intervention was conducted using a descriptive, quasi-experimental design, with pre- and post-intervention assessment. This intervention included 36 mothers, and was carried out in three stages: diagnosis, intervention and final evaluation. Simultaneously, a coproparasitological study was performed on 48 children under 5 years of age, who were assisted in the CDI, with the aim to understand and address the parasitic infections prevalent in the child population. It was possible to compare the correct answers before and after the educational intervention, observing a statistically significant increase (p=0.008742) in the average number of correct answers. Enteroparasites were identified in 54% of the population of children analyzed, 10% were biparasitized and 6% had more than two parasitic species. The most frequently detected parasites were Blastocystis spp., Giardia intestinalis and Ascaris lumbricoides. The educational intervention was positive, resulting in an improvement in the level of knowledge related to intestinal parasitosis and its prevention. This educational intervention experience highlights the importance of ongoing education in promoting a healthy lifestyle and preventing parasitosis in vulnerable populations.

Oven-drying and decontamination effects on crude protein concentration and in vitro crude protein digestibility of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

The study aims to assess the impact of oven-drying and decontamination on crude protein concentration and in vitro crude protein digestibility of yellow mealworms. Two kilograms of 12-wk-old mealworm larvae were subjected to freezing prior to the drying process. Approximately 1.5 kg of mealworm larvae were divided into 3 groups and exposed to oven-drying at temperatures of 50 °C for 36 h, 60 °C, and 70 °C for 24 h each. At intervals of 2 h, sets of 3 replicates were withdrawn to record water loss. Consistent weight stabilization was observed at 36 h for 50 °C (T50), 18 h for 60 °C (T60), and 14 h for 70 °C (T70). The remaining 0.5 kg of mealworm larvae was divided and dried under treatments T50, T60, and T70. Each treatment was then split into 2 portions, with one portion subjected to 90 °C for 15 min (denoted as T50-90, T60-90, T70-90) to eliminate microbial contamination. The 6 treatments were then used to determine concentrations of dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, pre-caecal protein digestibility, and dry matter residues after neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin treatments. No interaction was observed between drying and decontamination treatments (P > 0.17). Pre-caecal crude protein digestibility increased with decreasing temperature (T50: 58% crude protein; T60: 51% crude protein; T70: 50% crude protein). Therefore, lower temperatures for longer times preserve crude protein digestibility. These findings are crucial for understanding how drying temperature and time impact protein bioavailability.

Chronic Neck Pain Prevalence Before and After COVID-19 Restrictions and Its Relationship With Digital Device Screen Viewing: A Population Study.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of chronic neck pain (CNP) among the adult population in Peru during the post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restriction period compared with that during the pre-pandemic period and evaluate its association with prolonged digital devices connected to the internet (DDCI) screen viewing. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a representative sample of adults living in Peru in November 2022. A structured survey was employed to identify CNP, and the exposure variable was set as the duration of DDCI screen viewing. The McNemar test was used to compare CNP prevalence pre- and post-COVID-19 restrictions, and ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate its association with prolonged screen viewing. RESULTS: A total of 1,202 individuals participated, with 52.8% females and 79.9% residing in urban areas. Following the restrictions, the prevalence of CNP occurring daily or almost daily and at least once a week was 14.8% and 27.8%, respectively (95% confidence Interval [95% CI], 12.6-17.3 and 24.9-30.9), representing a significant increase (p<0.001) compared with pre-pandemic estimates. Notably, among those viewing DDCI screens for ≥8 hours, the odds ratio for CNP frequency escalation compared with those who did not or rarely view screens was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.04-2.50; p=0.033). CONCLUSION: Approximately 4 of 10 adults in Peru experienced CNP following the lifting of COVID-19 social restrictions, more than double the pre-pandemic prevalence. Furthermore, prolonged viewing of DDCI screens increased the risk of having this condition.

Mitos y verdades de la radioterapia: breve revisión y guía práctica dirigida a médicos egresados, estudiantes de pregrado de la Facultad de Medicina y estudiantes de tecnicatura de radioterapia: preguntas y respuestas / Myths and truths of radiotherapy: brief review and practical guide aimed at graduate physicians, undergraduate medical school students and radiotherapy technician students: questions and answers / Mitos e verdades da radioterapia: uma breve revisão e um guia prático para graduados em medicina, estudantes de graduação em medicina e estudantes de técnico em radioterapia: perguntas e respostas

Introducción: los pacientes concurren habitualmente a la consulta preguntando por los posibles efectos tóxicos del tratamiento oncológico radiante sobre los tejidos normales. Esta breve revisión bibliográfica en formato de preguntas y respuestas, presenta mediante la evidencia científica y la medicina basada en la evidencia, algunas de las preguntas con las que se encuentra el médico que trata o interactúa con un paciente con cáncer. El objetivo de esta revisión es apoyar en la respuesta que dará el médico general, oncólogo médico, físico médico y tecnólogos en radioterapia a esas interrogantes. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica no sistemática en Google Scholar, MedLine/PubMed y Scielo limitando a trabajos publicados en los últimos 10 años. Resultados: tras consultas con profesionales directamente relacionados con la radioterapia, se identificaron las dudas recurrentes planteadas por los pacientes. Discusión: con la información recopilada se dan respuesta a las interrogantes más frecuentes establecidas previamente.

Introduction: Patients routinely come to the office asking about the possible toxic effects of radiation oncology treatment on normal tissues. This brief literature review in question and answer format presents, through scientific evidence and evidence-based medicine, some of the questions encountered by the physician who treats or interacts with a cancer patient. The objective of this review is to support the response of general practitioners, medical oncologists, medical physicists and radiotherapy technologists to these questions. Methodology: A non-systematic bibliographic search was carried out in Google Scholar, MedLine/PubMed and Scielo, limiting the search to works published in the last 10 years. Results: After consultation with professionals directly related to radiotherapy, recurrent doubts raised by patients were identified. Discussion: With the information gathered, answers were given to the most frequent questions previously established.

Introdução: Os pacientes chegam rotineiramente à clínica perguntando sobre os possíveis efeitos tóxicos do tratamento oncológico por radiação nos tecidos normais. Esta breve revisão da literatura em formato de perguntas e respostas apresenta, por meio de evidências científicas e da medicina baseada em evidências, algumas das perguntas encontradas pelo médico que trata ou interage com um paciente com câncer. O objetivo desta revisão é apoiar a resposta de clínicos gerais, oncologistas médicos, físicos médicos e tecnólogos em radioterapia a essas perguntas. Metodologia: foi realizada uma pesquisa não sistemática da literatura no Google Scholar, MedLine/PubMed e Scielo, limitando a pesquisa a artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Resultados: após consulta a profissionais diretamente relacionados à radioterapia, foram identificadas as dúvidas recorrentes levantadas pelos pacientes. Discussão: com as informações coletadas, foram dadas respostas às dúvidas mais frequentes previamente estabelecidas.

Sobrevida del cáncer glótico en estadio inicial en 4 centros hospitalarios de Uruguay / Survival of glottic cancer in the initial stage in 4 hospital centers in Uruguay / Sobrevivência de câncer glótico em estágio inicial em 4 hospitais uruguaios

Introducción: El cáncer de laringe es el tumor maligno de mayor prevalencia en la Otorrinolaringología. La topografía glótica es la más frecuente en Uruguay y suele detectarse en estadios tempranos dada la manifestación precoz y sostenida de disfonía. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la sobrevida libre de enfermedad (SLE) y la sobrevida global (SG) de los pacientes con cáncer de laringe glótico en estadio T1N0M0 en 4 instituciones de Montevideo. Metodología: Se analizó de forma retrospectiva la SG y SLE de 55 pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de glotis T1 entre los años 2009 y 2019. Para el cálculo de la sobrevida se utilizó el método de Kaplan-Meier. Se estudió además el efecto de variables pronósticas de interés sobre la SG mediante análisis univariado y multivariado. Resultados: En la muestra analizada la SG de los pacientes con cáncer glótico T1N0M0 fue como media de 7.706 años (IC 95% 6.63 - 8.78). A los 5 años, la SG fue de 77.5% (± 7%) y de 62% (± 9.8%) a los 10 años. La SLE para todos los pacientes correspondió al 74.6% (± 7.5%) y 63.1% (± 9.8%), a 5 y 10 años respectivamente. No se alcanzaron las medianas de SG ni de SLE para los grupos. Conclusiones: Los valores de SG y SLE medios obtenidos en nuestro medio son comparables a los valores reportados en la bibliografía internacional. No se alcanzó la mediana de SG ni de SLE, por lo que se puede afirmar que ésta enfermedad tiene, cuando se realiza el tratamiento adecuado, un buen pronóstico vital a los 10 años. Se requiere un seguimiento más largo para determinar las medianas de SG y SLE de los grupos en estudio.

Introduction: Laryngeal cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor in Otorhinolaryngology. Glottic topography is the most frequent in Uruguay and is usually detected in early stages given the early and sustained manifestation of dysphonia. The objective of this study is to analyze disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with stage T1N0M0 glottic laryngeal cancer at 4 institutions in Montevideo. Methodology: The mean OS and DFS of 55 patients diagnosed with T1 glottic cancer between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival. The prognostic effect of certain variables of interest on OS was also studied using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: In this study, mean odds survival (OS) for T1N0M0 glottic cancer was 7.706 years (CI 95% 6.63 - 8.78). At 5 years, OS was 77.5% (± 7%) and at 10 years was 62% (± 9.8%). Disease free survival (DFS) was 74.6% ± (7.5%) at 5 years and 63.1% (± 9.8%), at 10 years. Median OS and DFS for the groups were not reached. Conclusions: OS and DFS in our medium is comparable to that reported in the international literature. The median OS and DFS were not reached, so it can be stated that this disease has, when appropriate treatment is performed, a good vital prognosis at 10 years. Longer follow-up is required to determine the median OS and DFS of the study groups.

Introdução: O câncer de laringe é o tumor maligno mais prevalente na Otorrinolaringologia. A topografia glótica é a mais frequente no Uruguai e geralmente é detectada em estágios iniciais devido à manifestação precoce e sustentada da disfonia. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a sobrevida livre de doença (DFS) e a sobrevida global (OS) de pacientes com câncer de laringe glótico estágio T1N0M0 em 4 instituições em Montevidéu. Metodologia: Foram analisados retrospectivamente o OS e DFS de 55 pacientes diagnosticados com câncer glótico T1 entre 2009 e 2019. O método de Kaplan-Meier foi usado para calcular a sobrevida. Resultados: Na amostra, a sobrevida global (OS) do câncer glótico T1N0M0 foi em média de 7.706 anos (IC 95% 6,63 - 8,78). Aos 5 anos, a OS foi de 77,5% (± 7%) e 62% (± 9,8%) aos 10 anos. A DFS para todos os pacientes correspondeu a 74,6% (± 7,5%) e 63,1% (± 9,8%), aos 5 e 10 anos, respectivamente. As medianas de OS e DFS para os grupos não foram alcançadas. Conclusões: OS e DFS em nosso ambiente é comparável ao relatado na literatura internacional. As medianas de SG e SLD não foram alcançadas, pelo que se pode afirmar que esta doença apresenta, quando realizado tratamento adequado, um bom prognóstico vital aos 10 anos. É necessário um acompanhamento mais longo para determinar a mediana da SG e da SLD dos grupos de estudo.

Evaluación de Lesiones Periapicales Utilizando Tres Índices sobre Tomografía Computarizada Cone Beam

El uso de tomografía computarizada Cone Beam (CBCT) puede favorecer el diagnóstico temprano de periodontitis apical e influir en su pronóstico y tratamiento; sin embargo, no existe una estandarización entre los índices que determinan la presencia de lesiones periapicales en esta técnica radiológica. Es por tal motivo que, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar lesiones periapicales utilizando tres índices sobre CBCT. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por todas las CBCT realizadas en un centro radiológico peruano durante un año, se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico y se evaluaron 36 tomografías Cone Beam con los índices CBCT-PAI, COPI y CBCT-ERI; los datos recolectados fueron analizados estadísticamente y se determinó que el índice CBCT-PAI identificó 91,7 % lesiones periapicales; el índice COPI, 72,2 % y el índice CBCT-ERI, 88,9 %. Asimismo, se aplicó la prueba x2 de Pearson y se determinó un valor de p=0,05. Por lo tanto, se concluyó que el diagnóstico de lesiones periapicales sobre tomografía computarizada Cone Beam puede presentar resultados similares cuando se evalúa con cualquiera de los índices CBCT-PAI, COPI o CBCT-ERI.

The use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) can favor the early diagnosis of apical periodontitis and influence its prognosis and treatment; however, there is no standardization among the indexes that determine the presence of periapical lesions in this radiological technique. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate periapical lesions using three indices on CBCT. The study population consisted of all the CBCT scans performed in a Peruvian radiological center for one year, a non-probabilistic sampling was performed and 36 Cone Beam tomography's were evaluated with the CBCT-PAI, COPI and CBCT-ERI indexes; the data collected were analyzed statistically and it was determined that the CBCT-PAI index identified 91.7 % periapical lesions; the COPI index, 72.2 % and the CBCT-ERI index, 88.9 %. Likewise, Pearson's x2 test was applied and a value of p=0.05 was determined. Therefore, it was concluded that the diagnosis of periapical lesions on Cone Beam computed tomography can present similar results when evaluated with any of the CBCT-PAI, COPI or CBCT-ERI indexes.

Lianas increase lightning-caused disturbance severity in a tropical forest.

Lightning is an important agent of plant mortality and disturbance in forests. Lightning-caused disturbance is highly variable in terms of its area of effect and disturbance severity (i.e. tree damage and death), but we do not know how this variation is influenced by forest structure and plant composition. We used a novel lightning detection system to quantify how lianas influenced the severity and spatial extent (i.e. area) of lightning disturbance using 78 lightning strikes in central Panama. The local density of lianas (measured as liana basal area) was positively associated with the number of trees killed and damaged by lightning, and patterns of plant damage indicated that this occurred because lianas facilitated more electrical connections from large to small trees. Liana presence, however, did not increase the area of the disturbance. Thus, lianas increased the severity of lightning disturbance by facilitating damage to additional trees without influencing the footprint of the disturbance. These findings indicate that lianas spread electricity to damage and kill understory trees that otherwise would survive a strike. As liana abundance increases in tropical forests, their negative effects on tree survival with respect to the severity of lightning-related tree damage and death are likely to increase.

Propiedades psicométricas de cuestionarios de actitudes de estudiantes de medicina hacia la investigación y la lectura científica

Introducción. Se requieren instrumentos en español con propiedades psicométricas conocidas que midan las actitudes de los estudiantes de medicina hacia las actividades científicas. Objetivo. Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de tres instrumentos que miden actitudes hacia la investigación científica, percepciones sobre las barreras para investigar y actitudes hacia la lectura científica. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 311 estudiantes de medicina humana de una universidad en Perú. Los instrumentos usaron la escala de Likert de seis categorías. Se realizó un análisis confirmatorio mediante el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados. El instrumento sobre las actitudes hacia la investigación científica tuvo tres factores, el primero (9 ítems, coeficiente α = 0,888), el segundo (8 ítems, α = 0,847) y el tercero (3 ítems, α = 0,653). Las percepciones sobre las barreras para investigar se formulan en dos factores, uno de 6 ítems (α = 0,779) y otro de 4 ítems (α = 0,771). El instrumento que evalúa las actitudes hacia la literatura científica tuvo dos factores, uno de valores de expectativa (8 ítems, α = 0,848) y otro sobre competencias auto percibidas en lectura científica (4 ítems, α = 0,838). Conclusión. Se presentan tres instrumentos diferenciados aplicables a estudiantes de medicina. Estos tienen una estructura factorial establecida y adecuada confiabilidad interna para la medición de las actitudes hacia la investigación científica, las barreras para investigar y hacia la literatura científica.

Introduction. Instruments in Spanish with known psychometric properties are required to measure the attitudes of medical students towards scientific activities. Objectives. To determine the psychometric properties of three instruments to measure attitudes towards scientific research, perceptions about barriers to research and attitudes towards scientific reading. Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed in 311 medical students from an university in Peru. The instruments used the Likert scale of six responses. A confirmatory analysis was performed by modeling structural structures. Results. The instrument on attitudes towards scientific research resulted in three factors, the first (9 items, coefficient α = 0.888), the second (8 items, α = 0.847) and the third (3 items, α = 0.653). Perceptions of barriers to research are evaluated with two factors, one with 6 items (α = 0.779) and the other with 4 items (α = 0.771). The instrument that measure attitudes towards scientific literature has two factors: the first measures expectancy values (8 items, α = 0.848) and the second measures self-perceived competences in scientific reading (4 items, α = 0.838). Conclusions. Three differentiated instruments applicable to medical students are presented. These have an established factorial structure and adequate internal reliability for the measurement of attitudes towards scientific research, barriers to research and towards the scientific literature.

Fasciola hepatica en preescolares de un centro poblado en una región altoandina del Perú

Introducción: La infección por Fasciola hepatica es una enfermedad zoonótica de distribución mundial, desatendida y subdiagnosticada. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de Fasciola hepatica en una población preescolar en Tartar Chico, distrito de Baños del Inca, en la región Cajamarca. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 48 niños de una institución educativa inicial. Los padres entregaron 3 muestras de heces para el estudio parasitológico seriado y completaron una encuesta epidemiológica. La identificación de F. hepatica y otros parásitos se realizó con las pruebas de sedimentación rápida de Lumbreras, examen directo y Kato-Katz. Para describir usamos frecuencias y porcentajes, para el análisis bivariado aplicamos Chi-cuadrado o prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: La frecuencia de Fasciola hepatica fue 4,17%. Además, estimamos una proporción de 8,33% para Ascaris lumbricoides, 4,17% de Diphyllobothrium pacificum y 2,08% de uncinarias; así como parásitos contaminantes Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis. Conclusión: Encontramos una frecuencia de 4,17% de fascioliasis entre preescolares de una comunidad altoandina del Perú.

Introduction: Fasciola hepatica infection is a globally distributed, neglected and underdiagnosed zoonotic disease. Objectives: To determine the frequency of Fasciola hepatica infection among a preschool population in Tartar Chico, Baños del Inca, Cajamarca. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 48 children of an initial educational institution. Parents delivered 3 stool samples for the serial parasitological study and completed an epidemiological survey. The identification of F. hepatica and other parasites was carried out with the Lumbreras rapid sedimentation tests, direct examination, and Kato-Katz. For descriptive analysis, frequency and percentages were used, for the bivariate analysis, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used. Results: The frequency of F. hepatica was 4,17%. In addition, a proportion of 8,33% of Ascaris lumbricoides, 4,17% of Diphyllobothrium pacificum and 2,08% of hookworms; as well as contaminating parasites Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis. Conclusions: A frequency of 4,17% of fascioliasis was found among preschoolers from a high Andean community in Peru.

Uso de antitranspirante en pacientes en tratamiento de radioterapia por cáncer de mama / Use of antiperspirant in patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment for breast cancer / Uso de antitranspirante em pacientes submetidos a tratamento radioterápico para câncer de mama

Patients who are diagnosed with breast cancer face multiple challenges and fears: from the diagnosis, the acceptance of the diagnosis and the beginning of the treatments, as well as the side effects that they entail, the most worrying for the patients being the possible anatomical alterations due to surgery, alopecia due to chemotherapy treatment, and radiodermatitis due to radiant treatment. A systematic review was carried out in MedLine/Pubmed following the PRISMA 2020 criteria on the use of antiperspirant during radiant treatment in the axilla and its relationship or not with the increase in acute adverse effects. Based on the analysis of the results of this search and with emphasis on: dosimetric aspects, psychological impact, treatment acceptance, feeling of well-being and adherence. We justify its use.

As pacientes diagnosticadas com câncer de mama enfrentam múltiplos desafios e medos: desde o diagnóstico, a aceitação do diagnóstico e o início do tratamento, bem como os efeitos colaterais que estes acarretam, o mais preocupante para as pacientes são as possíveis alterações anatômicas devidas à cirurgia, alopecia devido ao tratamento quimioterápico e a radiodermatite devido ao tratamento radiante. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática no MedLine/Pubmed seguindo os critérios do PRISMA 2020 sobre o uso de antitranspirante durante o tratamento radiante na axila e sua relação ou não com o aumento dos efeitos adversos agudos. Com base na análise dos resultados desta busca e com ênfase em: aspectos dosimétricos, impacto psicológico, aceitação do tratamento, sensação de bem-estar e aderência. Justificamos seu uso.

Las pacientes que son diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama se enfrentan a múltiples desafíos y temores: desde el diagnóstico, la aceptación del mismo y el inicio de los tratamientos, así como los efectos secundarios que ellos conllevan, siendo los más preocupantes para las pacientes las posibles alteraciones anatómicas por cirugía, la alopecia por el tratamiento quimioterápico, y la radiodermitis por el tratamiento radiante. Se realizó una revisión sistematizada en MedLine/Pubmed, Google Académico, EMBASE, SciELO y Epistemonikos, siguiendo los criterios PRISMA 2020 del uso de antitranspirante durante el tratamiento radiante en axila y su relación o no con el aumento de efectos adversos agudos. En función del análisis de los resultados de dicha búsqueda y con énfasis en: aspectos dosimétricos, impacto psicológico, la aceptación al tratamiento, el sentimiento de bienestar y la adherencia. Justificamos su uso.

Formación por competencias en investigación científica basada en el diseño curricular en una facultad de medicina humana / Formation of scientific research competences based on curriculum design in a human medicine faculty

RESUMEN La formación de competencias en investigación científica en las facultades de medicina humana ha sido objeto de diversas aproximaciones teóricas y de diversas experiencias de implementación en el mundo. Presentamos la experiencia de una facultad de medicina humana de una universidad privada ubicada en la ciudad de Lima, Perú, que viene implementando la estrategia de "enseñanza basada en la investigación" en articulación con la "enseñanza orientada a la investigación" con la finalidad de incorporar el logro de competencias para la investigación científica en el diseño curricular. La experiencia suma a aquellas descritas en facultades de medicina, pero con la adecuación al contexto de la educación médica del Perú. La implementación ha generado retos no previstos en la formulación de la intervención, y que son descritos para su consideración en nuevos escenarios. La experiencia se fundamenta en un marco conceptual que puede servir de referencia para su aplicación en otras instituciones de América Latina.

ABSTRACT Competency-based learning in scientific research in the medicine faculties has been the subject of several theoretical approaches and many implementation experiences worldwide. We present the experience of an private university located in the city of Lima, Peru. This university has implemented a strategy of "research-based teaching" in conjunction with "research-oriented teaching" in order to incorporate the achievement of competences for scientific research in the curricular design. The experience is added to those described in medical schools, but with the appropriateness regarding the context of medical education in Peru. The implementation of the curricular strategy has generated unforeseen challenges in the formulation of the intervention, which are described for consideration in new scenarios. The experience is based on a conceptual framework that can serve as a reference for its application in other institutions at Latin America.

Biased Clonal Evolution in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia through Imbalances Affecting the der(17) but Not the der(15) Chromosome: Report of Two Cases.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the chromosomal translocation t(15;17)(q24;q21), raising two hybrid genes: PML::RARA and RARA::PML. There is a biased clonal evolution in APL since imbalances affecting the der(15) chromosome (the one that carries the transforming PML::RARA gene) have never been reported; instead, imbalances of the der(17), mainly in form of an ider(17)(q10), have been repeatedly documented. We here present two cases with APL who acquired an ider(17)(q10) as a secondary chromosomal change. The presence of the ider(17)(q10) implies several genomic consequences with potential to fuel tumor progression: (1) a duplication of the hybrid gene RARA::PML; (2) a cumulative haploinsufficiency for tumor suppressor genes located in the 17p arm; and (3) a cumulative triplosensitivity of genes located in 17q10→RARA::PML→15qter. Both our patients were treated following the PETHEMA LPA 2012 protocol with ATRA plus idarubicin and they have had a long event-free survival.

Structure and genetic variability of the mexican Sardo Negro breed / Análise da estrutura e variabilidade genética da raça Sardo Negro do México

This study analyzed the Sardo Negro breed pedigree (41,521 animals registered from 1958 to 2019) to determine its structure, evolution, and genetic variability (GV). The population genetic parameters evaluated were effective number of founders (fe) and ancestors (fa), pedigree integrity, additive genetic relationship (AGR); number of complete generations (NCG), maximum generations traced (NMGT), and equivalent complete generations (NECG); effective population size (Ne), inbreeding coefficient (F), and generation interval (GI). The average GI was 7.45 years. A total of 7,804 founders and 4,856 ancestors were identified for a fe of 185 and a fa of 97. The average and maximum values of NCG, NECG, and NMGT were 1.6 and 5.0, 2.5 and 6.5, 4.3 and 12, with Ne estimates of 15.9, 25.9, and 69.0, respectively. The increase in F, linked to Ne, ranged from 0.72% to 3.1% per generation. The average values for F and AGR were 3.6% and 1.0%, respectively. The proportion of inbred individuals was 32.0%, with F values ranging from 0.01 to 62.2% and an average of 11.3%. The rate of inbred population was 1.3% per year. The annual rate of AGR was 0.04%. For the continuity and projection of the breed, the evolution of F as a function of Ne and the possible implications of the selection schemes must be considered. The genetic variability sustained over time results from the Ne.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar o pedigree (41.521 registros de 1958 a 2019) da raça Sardo Negro para avaliar a estrutura, evolução e variabilidade genética (VG) da população. Os parâmetros genéticos populacionais utilizados foram: número efetivo de fundadores (fe) e ancestrais (fa); integridade do pedigree; relação genética aditiva (RGA); número de gerações completas (NGC), máximo plotado (NGT) e equivalentes (NGE); tamanho efetivo (Ne); consanguinidade (F); intervalo geracional (IG). O IG médio foi de 7,45 anos. Foram identificados 7.804 fundadores e 4.856 ancestrais, para fe 185 e 97 na fa. As médias e máximas para NGC, NGE e NGT foram 1,6 e 5,0, 2,5 e 6,5, 4,3 e 12, com estimativas de Ne 15,9, 25,9 e 69,0, respectivamente. O aumento de F, vinculado ao Ne, ficou na faixa de 0,72% a 3,1% por geração. A média para F 3,6% e 1,0% em RGA; a proporção de consanguíneos foi de 32,0%, com F na faixa de 0,01 a 62,2% e média de 11,3%. A taxa da população consanguínea foi de 1,3% ao ano. No RGA, a taxa ao ano era de 0,04%. Para a continuidade e projeção da raça, deve-se considerar a evolução de F em função de Ne e as possíveis implicações dos esquemas de seleção. A variabilidade genética sustentada ao longo do tempo resulta do Ne.

Concordance between self-sampling and standar endocervical sample collection to identify sexual transmission infections in an urban-rural area of Peru. / Concordancia entre autotoma y colección estándar de muestras endocervicales para identificar infecciones de trasmisión sexual en un área urbano-rural del Perú.

With the objective of evaluating the concordance between the self-sampling of vaginal samples and the standard collection of endocervical samples for the identification of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp. carried out by health personnel in women from an urban-rural area of Peru, a prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in 206 women of childbearing age, we identified some sexually transmitted infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Trichomonas vaginalis in 9/206 (4.4%). We obtained a high degree of agreement in the identification of Candida spp. (k = 0.97), Chlamydia trachomatis (k=0.92) and Trichomonas vaginalis by microscopy (k=1.00), and a considerable agreement for the identification of Trichomonas vaginalis by culture (k=0.66). The self-sampling technique can be used to identify some sexually transmitted infections in urban-rural populations.

Con el objetivo de evaluar la concordancia entre la autotoma de muestras vaginales y la toma estándar de muestras endocervicales para la identificación de Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis y Candida spp. realizadas por el personal de salud en mujeres de un área urbano-rural del Perú, se realizó un estudio prospectivo y transversal en 206 mujeres en edad fértil, identificamos algunas infecciones de transmisión sexual como Chlamydia trachomatis o Trichomonas vaginalis en 9 mujeres (4,4%). Obtuvimos una concordancia casi perfecta en la identificación de Candida spp. (k=0,97), Chlamydia trachomatis (k=0,92) y Trichomonas vaginalis por microscopía (k=1,00), y considerable para la identificación de Trichomonas vaginalis por cultivo (k=0,66). La técnica de la autotoma de muestras vaginales podría ser usada para la identificación de algunas infecciones de transmisión sexual en población urbano-rural.

Evaluación comparativa de las características de porosidad entre el cemento Portland, MTA y Biodentine con microscopio electrónico de barrido / Comparison of the porosity characteristics of Portland cement, mineral trioxIde aggregate and Biodentine by scanning electron microscopy

Objetivo: El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar comparativamente las características de porosidad entre el cemento Portland, MTA Angelus® y Biodentine Septodont®, observados con un microscopio electrónico de barrido. Materiales y métodos: Se prepararon los cementos según las indicaciones del fabricante y se empaquetaron en tubos cilíndricos de polietileno con un diámetro interno de 10 mm y una altura de 5 mm. Se analizó la porosidad de las muestras mediante el microscopio electrónico de barrido. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando la prueba Kruskal-Wallis. El nivel de significancia se estableció en 0,05 Resultados: Se observó la descripción de la media de los valores del diámetro de los poros, y el tamaño mayor correspondió al cemento Portland (11,07). Existen diferencias significativas entre las medias del diámetro de los poros con un p = 0,05. Se identificó que el MTA Angelus® tiene la mayor cantidad de poros, le sigue el Biodentine Septodont® y, por último, el Portland. Se comparó la cantidad de poros entre los tres cementos y no se encontraron diferencias significativas, con un p = 0,09. Conclusión: Los análisis realizados en los cementos endodónticos dieron como resultado que el cemento Portland tiene mayor diámetro de poro a diferencia de los otros dos, lo cual implica que tanto el Biodentine Septodont® como el MTA Angelus® tienen mejores propiedades de resistencia y permeabilidad para evitar la microfiltración, y por tanto son mejores para la solución de casos clínicos. (AU)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the porosity characteristics of Portland cement, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus® and Biodentine Septodont® by scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Cements were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and packed in cylindrical polyethylene tubes with an internal diameter of 10 mm and a height of 5 mm. The porosity of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskall Wallis test. The level of significance was established at 0.05. Results: The largest size mean diameter valus was found with Portland cement (11.07). There were significant differences between the mean pore diameters (p = 0.05). MTA Angelus® had the largest number of pores, followed by Biodentine Septodont®, and finally, Portland. There were no significant differences in the pores of the three cements (p = 0.09). Conclusion: The results of this comparative analysis of endodontic cements showed that Portland cement has a larger pore diameter than MTA Angelus® and Biodentine Septodont®, demonstrating that these latter two cements present better resistance and permeability properties, and thereby prevent microleakage. (AU)

Concordancia entre autotoma y colección estándar de muestras endocervicales para identificar infecciones de trasmisión sexual en un área urbano-rural del Perú / Concordance between self-sampling and standar endocervical sample collection to identify sexual transmission infections in an urban-rural area of Peru

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de evaluar la concordancia entre la autotoma de muestras vaginales y la toma estándar de muestras endocervicales para la identificación de Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis y Candida spp. realizadas por el personal de salud en mujeres de un área urbano-rural del Perú, se realizó un estudio prospectivo y transversal en 206 mujeres en edad fértil, identificamos algunas infecciones de transmisión sexual como Chlamydia trachomatis o Trichomonas vaginalis en 9 mujeres (4,4%). Obtuvimos una concordancia casi perfecta en la identificación de Candida spp. (k=0,97), Chlamydia trachomatis (k=0,92) y Trichomonas vaginalis por microscopía (k=1,00), y considerable para la identificación de Trichomonas vaginalis por cultivo (k=0,66). La técnica de la autotoma de muestras vaginales podría ser usada para la identificación de algunas infecciones de transmisión sexual en población urbano-rural.

ABSTRACT With the objective of evaluating the concordance between the self-sampling of vaginal samples and the standard collection of endocervical samples for the identification of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp. carried out by health personnel in women from an urban-rural area of Peru, a prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in 206 women of childbearing age, we identified some sexually transmitted infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Trichomonas vaginalis in 9/206 (4.4%). We obtained a high degree of agreement in the identification of Candida spp. (k = 0.97), Chlamydia trachomatis (k=0.92) and Trichomonas vaginalis by microscopy (k=1.00), and a considerable agreement for the identification of Trichomonas vaginalis by culture (k=0.66). The self-sampling technique can be used to identify some sexually transmitted infections in urban-rural populations.

Concordancia entre autotoma y colección estándar de muestras endocervicales para identificar infecciones de trasmisión sexual en un área urbano-rural del Perú / Concordance between self-sampling and standar endocervical sample collection to identify sexual transmission infections in an urban-rural area of Peru

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de evaluar la concordancia entre la autotoma de muestras vaginales y la toma estándar de muestras endocervicales para la identificación de Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis y Candida spp. realizadas por el personal de salud en mujeres de un área urbano-rural del Perú, se realizó un estudio prospectivo y transversal en 206 mujeres en edad fértil, identificamos algunas infecciones de transmisión sexual como Chlamydia trachomatis o Trichomonas vaginalis en 9 mujeres (4,4%). Obtuvimos una concordancia casi perfecta en la identificación de Candida spp. (k=0,97), Chlamydia trachomatis (k=0,92) y Trichomonas vaginalis por microscopía (k=1,00), y considerable para la identificación de Trichomonas vaginalis por cultivo (k=0,66). La técnica de la autotoma de muestras vaginales podría ser usada para la identificación de algunas infecciones de transmisión sexual en población urbano-rural.

ABSTRACT With the objective of evaluating the concordance between the self-sampling of vaginal samples and the standard collection of endocervical samples for the identification of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp. carried out by health personnel in women from an urban-rural area of Peru, a prospective and cross-sectional study was carried out in 206 women of childbearing age, we identified some sexually transmitted infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Trichomonas vaginalis in 9/206 (4.4%). We obtained a high degree of agreement in the identification of Candida spp. (k = 0.97), Chlamydia trachomatis (k=0.92) and Trichomonas vaginalis by microscopy (k=1.00), and a considerable agreement for the identification of Trichomonas vaginalis by culture (k=0.66). The self-sampling technique can be used to identify some sexually transmitted infections in urban-rural populations.

[Comparison of the porosity characteristics of Portland cement, mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine by scanning electron microscopy]. / Evaluación comparativa de las características de porosidad entre el cemento Portland, mta y Biodentine con microscopio electrónico de barrido.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the porosity characteristics of Portland cement, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus® and Biodentine Septodont® by scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Cements were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and packed in cylindrical polyethylene tubes with an internal diameter of 10 mm and a height of 5 mm. The porosity of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskall Wallis test. The level of significance was established at 0.05. Results: The largest size mean diameter valus was found with Portland cement (11.07). There were significant differences between the mean pore diameters (p = 0.05). MTA Angelus® had the largest number of pores, followed by Biodentine Septodont®, and finally, Portland. There were no significant differences in the pores of the three cements (p = 0.09). Conclusion: The results of this comparative analysis of endodontic cements showed that Portland cement has a larger pore diameter than MTA Angelus® and Biodentine Septodont®, demonstrating that these latter two cements present better resistance and permeability properties, and thereby prevent microleakage.