RESUMEN
Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog (AGR2), an endoplasmic reticulum protein, is secreted in the tumor microenvironment. AGR2 is a member of the disulfide isomerase family, is highly expressed in multiple cancers, and promotes cancer metastasis. In this study, we found that etravirine, which is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, could induce AGR2 degradation via autophagy. Moreover, etravirine diminished proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Moreover, in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, the combination of etravirine and paclitaxel significantly suppressed cancer progression and metastasis. This drug may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Asunto(s)
Mucoproteínas/metabolismo , Nitrilos/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Paclitaxel/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa/administración & dosificación , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Ratones , Mucoproteínas/genética , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Nitrilos/farmacología , Proteínas Oncogénicas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Proteolisis , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa/farmacología , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is tightly linked to heart disorders and dysfunction or death of the cardiomyocytes including resident cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) in diabetic patients. In order to restore loss of function of resident or transplanted CPCs, much research has focused on novel therapeutic strategies including the discovery of novel function-modulating factors such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. Here, we developed and defined a novel antioxidant, MHY-1684, for enhancing the angiogenic potential of CPCs against ROS-related DCM. Short-term treatment with MHY-1684 restored ROS-induced CPC cell death. Importantly, MHY-1684 decreased hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial ROS generation and attenuated hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial fragmentation. We observed that the activation process of both Drp1 (phosphorylation at the site of Ser616) and Fis-1 is drastically attenuated when exposed to high concentrations of D-glucose with MHY-1684. Interestingly, phosphorylation of Drp1 at the site of Ser637, which is an inhibitory signal for mitochondrial fusion, is restored by MHY-1684 treatment, suggesting that this antioxidant may affect the activation and inhibition of mitochondrial dynamics-related signaling and mitochondrial function in response to ROS stress. In conclusion, our finding of the novel compound, MHY-1684, as an ROS scavenger, might provide an effective therapeutic strategy for CPC-based therapy against diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Hiperglucemia/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Dinaminas , GTP Fosfohidrolasas/genética , GTP Fosfohidrolasas/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/genética , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriales/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriales/metabolismo , Ácido Peroxinitroso/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Células Madre/citología , Células Madre/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) play a pivotal role in vascular regeneration in ischemic tissues; however, their therapeutic application in clinical settings is limited due to the low quality and quantity of patient-derived circulating EPCs. To solve this problem, we evaluated whether three priming small molecules (tauroursodeoxycholic acid, fucoidan, and oleuropein) could enhance the angiogenic potential of EPCs. Such enhancement would promote the cellular bioactivities and help to develop functionally improved EPC therapeutics for ischemic diseases by accelerating the priming effect of the defined physiological molecules. We found that preconditioning of each of the three small molecules significantly induced the differentiation potential of CD34+ stem cells into EPC lineage cells. Notably, long-term priming of OECs with the three chemical cocktail (OEC-3C) increased the proliferation potential of EPCs via ERK activation. The migration, invasion, and tube-forming capacities were also significantly enhanced in OEC-3Cs compared with unprimed OECs. Further, the cell survival ratio was dramatically increased in OEC-3Cs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress via the augmented expression of Bcl-2, a prosurvival protein. In conclusion, we identified three small molecules for enhancing the bioactivities of ex vivo-expanded OECs for vascular repair. Long-term 3C priming might be a promising methodology for EPC-based therapy against ischemic diseases.
Asunto(s)
Células Progenitoras Endoteliales/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Proliferación Celular , HumanosRESUMEN
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with self-renewing properties; thus, transplanting functionally enhanced MSCs might be a promising strategy for cell therapy against ischemic diseases. However, extensive oxidative damage in ischemic tissue affects the cell fate of transplanted MSCs, eventually resulting in cell damage and autophagic cell death. Oleuropein (OLP) is a bioactive compound isolated from olives and olive oil that harbors antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential cytoprotective effects of OLP against oxidative stress and autophagic cell death in MSCs. We found that short-term priming with OLP attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis by regulating the pro-apoptotic marker Bax and the anti-apoptotic markers Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Notably, OLP inhibits H2O2 -induced autophagic cell death by modulating autophagy-related death signals, including mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1), Beclin-1, AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), and LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1a/1b-light chain 3). Our data suggest that OLP might reduce H2O2-induced autophagy and cell apoptosis in MSCs by regulating both the AMPK-ULK axis and the Bcl-2-Mcl-1 axis. Consequently, short-term cell priming with OLP might enhance the therapeutic effect of MSCs against ischemic vascular diseases, which provides an important potential improvement for emerging therapeutic strategies.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/patología , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/toxicidad , Iridoides/farmacología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/patología , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Homólogo de la Proteína 1 Relacionada con la Autofagia/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Citoprotección/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Glucósidos Iridoides , Iridoides/química , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
B cell leukemia/lymphoma 3 (Bcl3) plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis, cellular proliferation, and cell survival, as a co-activator or co-repressor of transcription of the NF-κB family. Recently, it was reported that Bcl3 positively regulates pluripotency genes, including Oct4, in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). However, the role of Bcl3 in the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal activity is not fully established. Here, we report the dynamic regulation of the proliferation, pluripotency, and self-renewal of mESCs by Bcl3 via an influence on Nanog transcriptional activity. Bcl3 expression is predominantly observed in immature mESCs, but significantly decreased during cell differentiation by LIF depletion and in mESC-derived EBs. Importantly, the knockdown of Bcl3 resulted in the loss of self-renewal ability and decreased cell proliferation. Similarly, the ectopic expression of Bcl3 also resulted in a significant reduction of proliferation, and the self-renewal of mESCs was demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase staining and clonogenic single cell-derived colony assay. We further examined that Bcl3-mediated regulation of Nanog transcriptional activity in mESCs, which indicated that Bcl3 acts as a transcriptional repressor of Nanog expression in mESCs. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a sufficient concentration of Bcl3 in mESCs plays a critical role in the maintenance of pluripotency and the self-renewal of mESCs via the regulation of Nanog transcriptional activity. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(2): 92-97].