Synthesis of Rh(iii) thiophosphinito pincer hydrido complexes by base-free C-H bond activation at room temperature.

Rhodium(iii) thiophosphinito pincer hydrido complexes were synthesised by C-H activation under exceptionally mild conditions at room temperature without additional base or irradiation and fully characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. C-H activation under these mild conditions contrasts with the reactivity of related systems with POCOP ligands.

Can the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system be used to design process-based hygiene concepts?

Recently, the HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) concept was proposed as possible way to implement process-based hygiene concepts in clinical practice, but the extent to which this food safety concept can be transferred into the health care setting is unclear. We therefore discuss possible ways for a translation of the principles of the HACCP for health care settings. While a direct implementation of food processing concepts into health care is not very likely to be feasible and will probably not readily yield the intended results, the underlying principles of process-orientation, in-process safety control and hazard analysis based counter measures are transferable to clinical settings. In model projects the proposed concepts should be implemented, monitored, and evaluated under real world conditions.

The size of the horizontal cell receptive fields adapts to the stimulus in the light adapted goldfish retina.

In this study the dynamic properties of goldfish horizontal cell (HC) receptive fields were evaluated. The size of HC receptive fields increases up to about 60 msec after stimulus onset, and then reduces to a smaller end value. They can therefore not adequately be described by the cable equation. Estimates of the length constant of the HC network based on the sustained responses are about 43% smaller than those based on the initial part of the response. This difference can be accounted for by feedback connections from HCs to cones because negative feedback reduces the receptive field size. The implication is that HCs are strongly coupled when the retina is stimulated more or less homogeneously but that they partly uncouple from the rest of the HC network when they are stimulated differently than the rest of the retina. The HCs thus generate a feedback signal based on the "local" stimulus properties. The size of the HC receptive fields depends on the spatial detail of the stimulus.