Research progress on role of exosomes-shuttle-RNAs within central nervous system / 中国药理学通报

Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles produced and secre-ted into extracellular fluid by all cells. They mediate cell com-munication through carrying and transferring informational car-goes ( proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and so on ) to recipient cells. In central nervous system, exosomes can be released from all cell types including neurons, neural stem cells and neuroglia cells. These exosomes shuttle nucleic acids ( miRNAs, mRNAs and so on) and play an important role in nervous system devel-opment and function as well as diseases including Alzheimer's disease and drug addiction. Furthermore, the functional effects and targeting characteristics of exosomes-shuttle-RNAs suggest that exosomes-shuttle-RNAs can be diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In this review, we elaborate the effects, functions and mechanisms of exosomes-shuttle-RNAs in order to gain a new recognition of CNS development and diseases.

Changes in plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion characteristics before and after combined administration of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum / 中国中药杂志

In this study, UPLC-MS/MS was adopted to determine the contents of five ephedrine alkaloids (Norephedrine, Norpseudoephedrine, Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Methylephedrine) in plasma and urine in rats after the combined administration of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum and calculate relevant pharmacokinetic parameters, in order to discuss the effect of the combined administration of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum on plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion characteristics. According to the results, after being combined with Gypsum, the five ephedrine alkaloids showed similar pharmacokinetic changes, such as shortened t(max), accelerated absorption rate, but reduced AUC(0-t) and V(z)/F, which may be related to the increase in urine excretion. Besides, Gypsum was added to enhance C(max) of Pseudoephedrine and prolong MRT(0-t) of Methylephedrine, so as to enhance the anti-asthmatic effect of Ephedrae Herba and resist the toxic effect of Norephedrine and Ephedrine. This study proved the scientific compatibility of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum and provided a reference for studies on the prescription compatibility regularity and relevant practices.

(Acetato-κO)(2-bromo-6-{[3-(dimethyl-aza-nium-yl)propyl-imino-κN]meth-yl}phenolato-κO)(thio-cyanato-κN)zinc.

In the title compound, [Zn(CH(3)COO)(NCS)(C(12)H(17)BrN(2)O)], the Zn(II) atom is four-coordinated in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry, binding to a phenolate O and an imine N atom of the Schiff base ligand, the O atom of an acetate ligand and one thio-cyanate N atom. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked via pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers.

{4-Bromo-2-[(2-morpholinoeth-yl)imino-meth-yl]phenolato}iodido(methanol)zinc(II).

The title compound, [Zn(C(13)H(16)BrN(2)O(2))I(CH(3)OH)], is a new mononuclear zinc(II) complex synthesized by the reaction of equimolar quanti-ties of 5-bromo-salicylaldehyde, 2-morpholinoethyl-amine and ZnI(2) in methanol. The Zn atom is four-coordinate in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry, binding to a phenolate O and an imine N atom of the Schiff base ligand, the O atom of a methanol mol-ecule and one I(-) anion. In the crystal structure, adjacent mol-ecules are linked through inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric dimers.

Ammonium 1-hydr-oxy-2-naphthoate.

The title compound, NH(4) (+)·C(11)H(7)O(3) (-), was obtained by slow evaporation of a 30% ammonia solution of 1-hydr-oxy-2-naphthoic acid. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the bc plane.