An Unusual Hiccup: Severe Singultus as a Symptom in Ulcerative Colitis.

Inflammatory bowel disease encompasses a group of chronic inflammatory conditions associated with both intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. We present a 26-year-old man with a history of ulcerative colitis who presented with a disease exacerbation associated with severe intractable hiccups. We report a unique clinical symptom associated with severe ulcerative colitis and the diagnostic dilemma associated with this presentation. This case highlights the importance of recognizing unusual symptoms that can be associated with inflammatory bowel disease exacerbations and demonstrates the therapeutic potential of effective therapy of the underlying inflammatory disease.

Temporal Trends in Perceptions of Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Risks and Benefits in an Online Community of Patients With Crohn's Disease.

Background and Aims: Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents (anti-TNFs) have become one of the primary medical therapies for Crohn's disease (CD). We analyzed perceptions of infliximab and adalimumab in a large online community to better understand the information patients receive. Methods: Reddit, a vast online community, has several inflammatory bowel disease communities, the largest being /r/CrohnsDisease (rCD), with over 41,000 members. To better understand patient perceptions of biologics, we searched rCD for posts related to "infliximab," "adalimumab," and their relevant trade names. The top 20 yearly posts were extracted from 2011 to 2015 and 2011 to 2017, respectively. Manifest coding was performed. Codes were reassessed every 20 posts, resulting in 6 main sentiments. Total codes and per-comment codes were calculated for each sentiment. Percentages for each category were calculated by dividing by the total number of coded sentiments that year. Trends in rates of each sentiment were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Results: 4486 comments were analyzed, and 4684 sentiments met our criteria. Negative sentiments decreased for both anti-TNFs over time (infliximab: rho = -0.90, P = .04, adalimumab: rho = -0.79, P = .04). In our primary analysis, adalimumab injection-related posts increased from 2012 to 2017 (rho = 0.83, P = .04). Positive sentiments and sentiments regarding drug costs, loss of efficacy, and diet remained stable. For infliximab and adalimumab, comment volume increased significantly over time (rho 0.90; P = .04, rho 0.89, P = .01). Conclusion: Our analysis of a large online community suggests a growing acceptance of biologic therapies among patients with CD over time. These data provide additional insight into the multifaceted framework shaping patients' perceptions of anti-TNFs.

Identification of the Most Effective Position for Ustekinumab in Treatment Algorithms for Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Ustekinumab is a monoclonal antibody against interleukin 12 and interleukin 23 that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of Crohn's disease (CD). We sought to identify the ideal position for ustekinumab in treatment algorithms for CD. METHODS: We constructed a Markov model to identify an optimal treatment sequence for CD that included ustekinumab for 1 year or more. The base case was a 35-year old male with moderate to severe CD who had not previously received biologic or immunomodulator therapy. The standard of care treatment algorithm was defined as initial therapy with infliximab and azathioprine, followed by adalimumab and azathioprine, vedolizumab, and lastly surgical resection. The model assessed positions for ustekinumab before standard of care, ustekinumab after infliximab and azathioprine but before the remaining treatments, after infliximab, azathioprine, and adalimumab but before vedolizumab and surgery, or after the other biologics but before surgery. We derived transition probabilities and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) from relevant trials, observational studies, and time trade-off analyses. Primary analyses consisted of first order Monte Carlo simulation of 100 trials of cohorts of 100,000 individuals. RESULTS: Ustekinumab as first-line therapy yielded the greatest QALYs (incremental effectiveness, 0.016-0.020 QALYs), resulting in 10% more patients in remission or response, and 2% fewer surgeries at 1 year, compared with other algorithms. The model was not sensitive to 25% variation in transition probabilities. CONCLUSIONS: In a simulation based on a 35-year old male patient with moderate to severe CD, we found that ustekinumab as the first-line biologic therapy yields greater QALYs at the end of 1 year than compared with use later in the CD treatment algorithm.

Transplant related ocular surface disorders: Advanced techniques for ocular surface rehabilitation after ocular complications secondary to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

HSCT has been linked to the development of an assortment of ocular surface complications with the potential to lead to permanent visual impairment if left untreated or if not treated early in the course of disease. Strategies for therapy include maintenance of lubrication and tear preservation, prevention of evaporation, decreasing inflammation, and providing epithelial support. The ultimate aim of treatment is to prevent permanent ocular sequelae through prompt ophthalmology consultation and the use of advanced techniques for ocular surface rehabilitation. We describe several rehabilitation options of ocular surface complications occurring secondarily during the post-HSCT course.