RESUMEN
This work evaluated the use of effluent from a marine shrimp biofloc rearing system to cultivate two species of the green seaweed of the genus Ulva. First, the growth of two Ulva species, U. ohnoi and U. fasciata, was evaluated. Second, the best-performing species was cultivated under two different stocking densities (2 g L-1 and 4 g L-1) to evaluate both growth and nutrient uptake rates, considering total ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, and orthophosphate. In both cases, environmental variables were monitored, and the cultivation medium, consisting of 25% biofloc water and 75% seawater, was exchanged weekly. Ulva ohnoi grew significantly better, considering all variables evaluated (p <0.05). The smaller stocking density produced a higher specific growth rate (p <0.05). Yield, however, was unaffected (p ≥0.05). No significant differences in the nutrient uptake rates were observed (p ≥0.05). Overall, this work highlights the importance of species selection for seaweed destined for aquaculture. Additionally, it also optimizes the cultivation of seaweeds, specifically U. ohnoi, using effluent from biofloc systems.(AU)
Este trabalho avaliou o uso de água de um cultivo de camarão marinho em bioflocos como fertilizante no cultivo de Ulva. Inicialmente, o crescimento de duas espécies de Ulva, U. ohnoie U. fasciata, foram avaliados. Subsequentemente, a alga com melhor desempenho foi cultivada sob duas densidades de estocagem (2 g L-1 e 4 g L-1), e o crescimento e a absorção de nutrientes (nitrogênio amoniacal total, nitrato e ortofosfato) foram avaliados. Em ambos os casos, variáveis ambientais foram monitoradas e o biofloco na concentração de 25% foi trocado semanalmente. Ulva ohnoi apresentou um crescimento significativamente melhor para todas as variáveis consideradas (p <0,05). A menor densidade de estocagem produziu uma taxa de crescimento específico significativamente maior (p <0,05), embora a produtividade não tenha sido afetada (p ≥0,05). Diferenças significativas na absorção de nutrientes também não foram observadas (p ≥0,05). No geral, este trabalho destaca a importância da seleção de espécies de macroalgas destinadas à aquicultura. Além disso, otimiza a viabilidade de se cultivar macroalgas utilizando água de sistemas de bioflocos.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ulva , Acuicultura , BiodiversidadRESUMEN
This work evaluated the use of effluent from a marine shrimp biofloc rearing system to cultivate two species of the green seaweed of the genus Ulva. First, the growth of two Ulva species, U. ohnoi and U. fasciata, was evaluated. Second, the best-performing species was cultivated under two different stocking densities (2 g L-1 and 4 g L-1) to evaluate both growth and nutrient uptake rates, considering total ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, and orthophosphate. In both cases, environmental variables were monitored, and the cultivation medium, consisting of 25% biofloc water and 75% seawater, was exchanged weekly. Ulva ohnoi grew significantly better, considering all variables evaluated (p <0.05). The smaller stocking density produced a higher specific growth rate (p <0.05). Yield, however, was unaffected (p ≥0.05). No significant differences in the nutrient uptake rates were observed (p ≥0.05). Overall, this work highlights the importance of species selection for seaweed destined for aquaculture. Additionally, it also optimizes the cultivation of seaweeds, specifically U. ohnoi, using effluent from biofloc systems.
Este trabalho avaliou o uso de água de um cultivo de camarão marinho em bioflocos como fertilizante no cultivo de Ulva. Inicialmente, o crescimento de duas espécies de Ulva, U. ohnoie U. fasciata, foram avaliados. Subsequentemente, a alga com melhor desempenho foi cultivada sob duas densidades de estocagem (2 g L-1 e 4 g L-1), e o crescimento e a absorção de nutrientes (nitrogênio amoniacal total, nitrato e ortofosfato) foram avaliados. Em ambos os casos, variáveis ambientais foram monitoradas e o biofloco na concentração de 25% foi trocado semanalmente. Ulva ohnoi apresentou um crescimento significativamente melhor para todas as variáveis consideradas (p <0,05). A menor densidade de estocagem produziu uma taxa de crescimento específico significativamente maior (p <0,05), embora a produtividade não tenha sido afetada (p ≥0,05). Diferenças significativas na absorção de nutrientes também não foram observadas (p ≥0,05). No geral, este trabalho destaca a importância da seleção de espécies de macroalgas destinadas à aquicultura. Além disso, otimiza a viabilidade de se cultivar macroalgas utilizando água de sistemas de bioflocos.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Acuicultura , Biodiversidad , UlvaRESUMEN
Multipotent stromal cells stimulate skin regeneration after acute or chronic injuries. However, many stem cell therapy protocols are limited by the elevated number of cells required and poor cell survival after transplantation. Considering that the beneficial effects of multipotent stromal cells on wound healing are typically mediated by paracrine mechanisms, we examined whether the conditioned medium from skin-derived multipotent stromal cells would be beneficial for restoring the skin structure of mice after wounding. A proteomic characterization of skin-derived multipotent stromal cell-conditioned medium was performed, and the angiogenic function of this secretome was investigated in vitro using an endothelial cell tube formation assay. We then applied the skin-derived multipotent stromal cell-conditioned medium directly to full-thickness excisional wounds or embedded it into carrageenan or poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels to monitor tissue regeneration in mice. Biological processes related to wound healing and angiogenesis were highlighted by the analysis of the skin-derived multipotent stromal cell secretome, and a pro-angiogenic capacity for promoting tubule-like structures was first confirmed in vitro. Skin wounds treated with skin-derived multipotent stromal cell-conditioned medium also displayed increased angiogenesis, independently of the association of the conditioned medium with hydrogels. However, improvements in wound closure and epidermis or decreased inflammatory cell presence were not observed. Hence, the use of the secretome obtained from human skin-derived multipotent stromal cells may be a potential strategy to aid the natural skin repair of full-thickness lesions mainly based on its pro-angiogenic properties.
RESUMEN
Carrageenan is a thermoreversible polymer of natural origin widely used in food and pharmaceutical industry that presents a glycosaminoglycan-like structure. Herein, we show that kappa-type carrageenan extracted by a semi-refined process from the red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii displayed both chemical and structural properties similar to a commercial carrageenan. Moreover, both extracted carrageenan hydrogel and commercial carrageenan hydrogel can serve as a scaffold for in vitro culture of human skin-derived multipotent stromal cells, demonstrating considerable potential as cell-carrier materials for cell delivery in tissue engineering. Skin-derived multipotent stromal cells cultured inside the carrageenan hydrogels showed a round shape morphology and maintained their growth and viability for at least one week in culture. Next, the effect of the extracted carrageenan hydrogel loaded with human skin-derived multipotent stromal cells was evaluated in a mouse model of full-thickness skin wound. Macroscopic and histological analyses revealed some pointed ameliorated features, such as reduced inflammatory process, faster initial recovery of wounded area, and improved extracellular matrix deposition. These results indicate that extracted carrageenan hydrogel can serve as a scaffold for in vitro growth and maintenance of human SD-MSCs, being also able to act as a delivery system of cells to wounded skin. Thus, evaluation of the properties discussed in this study contribute to a further understanding and specificities of the potential use of carrageenan hydrogel as a delivery system for several applications, further to skin wound healing.
Asunto(s)
Carragenina/química , Hidrogeles/química , Trasplante de Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Piel/citología , Andamios del Tejido/química , Cicatrización de Heridas , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Piel/lesiones , Piel/patología , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodosRESUMEN
Abrupt changes in water quality parameters affect strongly the growth, survival and resistance to disease of farmed marine shrimps. However, unlike the determination of the toxic levels of substances affecting 50% of the population, standard protocols to nontoxic stressors tests are often neglected. The main objective of this work was to establish the lethal temperature (LT50) and salinity (LS50) for 50% of the population. Juvenile shrimps weighting from 10 g to 12 g and 17 day-postlarvae reared at 28 °C temperature and 32 salinity were submitted to hypothermic stress for one hour at temperatures of 7°C, 10°C, 11.5°C, 13°C and 16°C (juveniles), or for 72 hours at temperatures of 11°C, 12°C, 13°C and 14°C (postlarvae). Besides hypothermic stress, juveniles were submitted to 24 hours hyposaline stress in water having 0, 3, 6 and 9 salinities, and the postlarvae for 72 hours in water having 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 salinities. Mortality rates were determined after those periods. The LT50 were 11.7 °C for juveniles and 12.9°C for postlarvae, and the LS50 were 2.4 and 1.8 for the juveniles and postlarvae, respectively.(AU)
Alterações abruptas nos parâmetros da qualidade da água têm forte influência no crescimento, sobrevivência e resistência às doenças dos camarões marinhos cultivados. Entretanto, ao contrário da determinação dos níveis tóxicos de substâncias que afetam 50% da população, protocolos padrão para testes de estressores não tóxicos são muitas vezes negligenciados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a temperatura (TL50) e salinidade (SL50) letal para 50% da população. Camarões juvenis pesando entre 10 e 12 g e pós-larvas de 17 dias cultivados à temperatura de 28 °C e salinidade de 32 foram submetidos ao estresse hipotérmico por uma hora nas temperaturas de 7°C, 10°C, 11,5°C, 13°C e 16°C (juvenis), ou 72 horas nas temperaturas de 11°C, 12°C, 13°C e 14°C (pós-larvas). Além do estresse hipotérmico, juvenis foram submetidos por 24 horas ao estresse hipossalino em águas contendo salinidade de 0, 3, 6 e 9, e pós-larvas por 72 horas em água contendo salinidade de 0, 1,5, 3, 4,5 e 6. As taxas de mortalidade foram determinadas após estes períodos. A TL50 calculada foi de 11,7°C para os juvenis e 12,9°C para as pós-larvas, e a SL50 calculada foi de 2,4 e 1,8 para juvenis e pós-larvas, respectivamente.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Penaeidae , Hipotermia/veterinaria , Salinidad , Mortalidad , Estrés FisiológicoRESUMEN
Abrupt changes in water quality parameters affect strongly the growth, survival and resistance to disease of farmed marine shrimps. However, unlike the determination of the toxic levels of substances affecting 50% of the population, standard protocols to nontoxic stressors tests are often neglected. The main objective of this work was to establish the lethal temperature (LT50) and salinity (LS50) for 50% of the population. Juvenile shrimps weighting from 10 g to 12 g and 17 day-postlarvae reared at 28 °C temperature and 32 salinity were submitted to hypothermic stress for one hour at temperatures of 7°C, 10°C, 11.5°C, 13°C and 16°C (juveniles), or for 72 hours at temperatures of 11°C, 12°C, 13°C and 14°C (postlarvae). Besides hypothermic stress, juveniles were submitted to 24 hours hyposaline stress in water having 0, 3, 6 and 9 salinities, and the postlarvae for 72 hours in water having 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 6 salinities. Mortality rates were determined after those periods. The LT50 were 11.7 °C for juveniles and 12.9°C for postlarvae, and the LS50 were 2.4 and 1.8 for the juveniles and postlarvae, respectively.
Alterações abruptas nos parâmetros da qualidade da água têm forte influência no crescimento, sobrevivência e resistência às doenças dos camarões marinhos cultivados. Entretanto, ao contrário da determinação dos níveis tóxicos de substâncias que afetam 50% da população, protocolos padrão para testes de estressores não tóxicos são muitas vezes negligenciados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a temperatura (TL50) e salinidade (SL50) letal para 50% da população. Camarões juvenis pesando entre 10 e 12 g e pós-larvas de 17 dias cultivados à temperatura de 28 °C e salinidade de 32 foram submetidos ao estresse hipotérmico por uma hora nas temperaturas de 7°C, 10°C, 11,5°C, 13°C e 16°C (juvenis), ou 72 horas nas temperaturas de 11°C, 12°C, 13°C e 14°C (pós-larvas). Além do estresse hipotérmico, juvenis foram submetidos por 24 horas ao estresse hipossalino em águas contendo salinidade de 0, 3, 6 e 9, e pós-larvas por 72 horas em água contendo salinidade de 0, 1,5, 3, 4,5 e 6. As taxas de mortalidade foram determinadas após estes períodos. A TL50 calculada foi de 11,7°C para os juvenis e 12,9°C para as pós-larvas, e a SL50 calculada foi de 2,4 e 1,8 para juvenis e pós-larvas, respectivamente.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Estrés Fisiológico , Hipotermia/veterinaria , Mortalidad , Penaeidae , SalinidadRESUMEN
Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) is a red algae widely cultivated as the main source of raw material for the carrageenan industry. This hydrocolloid is normally used in the food industry as a gelling and stabilizing agent. The facility of its commercial farming based on vegetative propagation promoted the success of the aquaculture of this macroalgae that consequently stimulated studies focusing on new potential uses of this resource. This work presents a brief review of the studies related to K. alvarezii cultivation in southern and southeastern Brazil, the latest discoveries in the world concerning pharmacological studies with this species and the advantages of the use of carrageenan as a source of dietary fiber, cholesterol reducer, and antioxidant, anti-viral and anti-cancer compounds, as well as the effects in hemagglutination activity.