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Ischemic stroke in young adults has attracted more and more attention due to the diversity of its etiology. Although atherosclerosis is the most common cause of stroke in young adults, other or unknown causes are not uncommon . To improve clinicians′ understanding of the etiological diagnosis of stroke in young adults, this article reports a case of ischemic stroke in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University. The patient was a 22-year-old male with acute onset who was diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke based on clinical presentation, physical examination, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. After actively searching for the cause, laboratory and genetic tests revealed that the patient had inherited thrombophilia (protein C and protein S deficiency), and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging examination found that the patient had noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium.
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@#Objective To construct a prognostic model of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) based on immune checkpoint-related genes and explore the potential relationship between these genes and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods The transcriptome sequencing data and clinical information of immune checkpoint genes of samples from GSE53625 in GEO database were collected. The difference of gene expression between ESCC and normal paracancerous tissues was evaluated, and the drug sensitivity of differentially expressed genes in ESCC was analyzed. We then constructed a risk model based on survival-related genes and explored the prognostic characteristics, enriched pathway, immune checkpoints, immune score, immune cell infiltration, and potentially sensitive drugs of different risk groups. Results A total of 358 samples from 179 patients were enrolled, including 179 ESCC samples and 179 corresponding paracancerous tissues. There were 33 males and 146 females, including 80 patients≤60 years and 99 patients>60 years. 39 immune checkpoint genes were differentially expressed in ESCC, including 14 low expression genes and 25 high expression genes. Drug sensitivity analysis of 8 highly expressed genes (TNFRSF8, CTLA4, TNFRSF4, CD276, TNFSF4, IDO1, CD80, TNFRSF18) showed that many compounds were sensitive to these immunotherapy targets. A risk model based on three prognostic genes (NRP1, ICOSLG, HHLA2) was constructed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis. It was found that the overall survival time of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group (P<0.001). Similar results were obtained in different ESCC subtypes. The risk score based on the immune checkpoint gene was identified as an independent prognostic factor for ESCC. Different risk groups had unique enriched pathways, immune cell infiltration, TME, and sensitive drugs. Conclusion A prognostic model based on immune checkpoint gene is established, which can accurately stratify ESCC and provide potential sensitive drugs for ESCC with different risks, thus providing a possibility for personalized treatment of ESCC.
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Cyanuric acid (CYA) is used commercially for maintaining active chlorine to inactivate microbial and viral pathogens in swimming pools and hot tubs. Repeated CYA addition can cause a lack of available chlorine and adequate disinfection. Acceptable CYA levels can potentially be restored via cyanuric acid hydrolases (CAH), enzymes that hydrolyze CYA to biuret under mild conditions. Here we describe a previously unknown CAH enzyme from Pseudolabrys sp. Root1462 (CAH-PR), mined from public databases by bioinformatic analysis of potential CAH genes, which we show to be suitable in a cell-free form for industrial applications based upon favorable enzymatic and physical properties, combined with high-yield expression in aerobic cell culture. The kinetic parameters and modeled structure were similar to known CAH enzymes, but the new enzyme displayed a surprising thermal and storage stability. The new CAH enzyme was applied, following addition of inexpensive sodium sulfite, to hydrolyze CYA to biuret. At the desired endpoint, hypochlorite addition inactivated remaining enzyme and oxidized biuret to primarily dinitrogen and carbon dioxide gases. The mechanism of biuret oxidation with hypochlorite under conditions relevant to recreational pools is described.
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Biuret , Piscinas , Biuret/metabolismo , Cloro , Hidrolasas/genética , Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Ácido Hipocloroso , TriazinasRESUMEN
@#Abstract: Objective - - To establish a pre column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography method for detecting Methods dimethyl sulfate (DMS) in workplace air. DMS in workplace air was collected with mercaptopyridine impregnated ( silicone tube. The derivative of DMS and mercaptopyridine was eluted by mobile phase phase A: water, phase B: acetonitrile, ∶ the volume ratio was 40 60) , and separated with a C18 column, then detected with diode array detector and quantitated by a Results - standard curve. The linear range of DMS was 0.17 40.00 mg/L, with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 95. The detection limit and the lower limit of quantitation were 0.05 and 0.17 mg/L respectively. The minimum detection concentration and minimum quantitation concentration were 0.02 and 0.04 mg/m³, respectively (air sample volume of 4.5 L, 1.0 mL sample - - - solution). The average desorption efficiency was 98.40% 102.00%. The within run and between run relative standard deviations - - were 0.61% 3.92% and 1.71% 6.00%, respectively. The samples could be stored at room temperature for at least 14 days. Conclusion This method can be used to detect DMS in workplace air.
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@#Abstract: Nitrobenzene compounds (NBCs) are widely used in the world. It has 40 isomers such as nitrobenzene, dinitrobenzene and nitrotoluene, that are highly toxic and difficult to degrade and can cause harm to human health in different degrees. At pres⁃ ent, there is no unified standard method and occupational exposure limit for the detection of NBCs in the air. In terms of sampling medium, solid adsorption tube is mostly used for trapping vapor state NBCs, and filter membrane and solid adsorption tube are mostly used in series for sampling coexist NBCs in vapor state and aerosol state. In the detection methods, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography are common, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, ion migration spectrometry and some other rapid response methods and technologies are also used in the detection of NBCs. In the detection of NBCs by gas chro⁃ matography, capillary column separation is commonly used, and the main detectors are flame ionization detector, electron capture detector and mass spectrometry detector. It is of practical significance to establish a method with high sensitivity, strong practica⁃ bility, convenient operation, and can simultaneously collect and detect a variety of NBCs in different states.
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Objective To study the influence of SCNIA intronic mutations in mRNA splicing in febrile seizures related epilepsy,and investigate the association between splicing changes and genotype-phenotype-inheritance pattern.Methods Molecular cloning of 5 SCN1A intronic mutations was performed in patients with partial epilepsy with antecedent febrile seizures plus (PEFS+) and Dravet syndrome (DS) through constructing mutant and wild-type plasmids of pTragetE2-3-4-5 and E24-25-26 by using Minigene splicing assay,and the in vitro expressions in HENK293 cells were detected.The mRNA splicing changes were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and real time quantitative (q)-PCR.Results (1) Using RT-PCR,DS mutants presented a whole exon skipping without significant remain of normal mRNA transcripts,while PEFS+ mutants showed partial exon skipping or intronic insertion with coexistence of normal and aberrant mRNA transcripts.(2) Statistical differences were found between relative quantity (RQ) of aberrant and normal mRNA in PEFS+ mutant (c.473+5G>A:4.92%±1.05% and 6.10%±0.21%;c.473+5G>C:7.97%±1.12% and 3.94% ±1.25%) and that in DS mutant (c.602+1G>A:60.51%±1.81% and 0.060%±0.022%,P<0.05);similarly,there were statistical differences between relative RQ of normal and aberrant mRNA in PEFS+ mutant c.4853-25T>A (71.22%±11.92% and 7.38%±1.61%) and that in DS mutant c.4853-1G>C (0.08%±0.01% and 22.11%±2.83%,P<0.05).Conclusion The position and difference of splicing patterns of SCNIA intronic mutations are potential molecular pathogenesis for phenotypic difference of febrile seizures related epilepsy.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A relationship between hyperthyroidism and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported. Therefore, this study explored the use of first-phase insulin secretion in the differential diagnosis of thyroid diabetes (TDM) and T2DM.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In total, 101 patients with hyperthyroidism were divided into hyperthyroidism with normal glucose tolerance (TNGT), hyperthyroidism with impaired glucose regulation (TIGR), and diabetes (TDM) groups. Furthermore, 96 patients without hyperthyroidism were recruited as control groups (normal glucose tolerance [NGT], impaired glucose regulation [IGR], and T2DM). The following parameters were evaluated: homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR, HOMA-β, modified β-cell function index (MBCI), peak insulin/fasting insulin (IP/I0), AUCins-OGTT, and AUCins-OGTT/AUCglu-OGTTfrom the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) insulin release test were utilized to assess the second-phase insulin secretion, while the IP/I0, AIR0'~10', and AUCins-IVGTTfrom the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) insulin release test were used to assess the first-phase insulin secretion.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the OGTT, the HOMA-β values of the TNGT and TDM groups were higher than those of the NGT and T2DM groups (all P< 0.05). In the hyperthyroidism groups, the MBCI of the TDM group was lower than that of the TNGT and TIGR groups (all P< 0.05). Among the control groups, the MBCI values of the IGR and T2DM groups were lower than that of the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (all P< 0.05). In the IVGTT, insulin secretion peaked for all groups at 2-4 min, except for the T2DM group, which showed a low plateau and no secretion peak. The IP values of the TNGT, TIGR, and TDM groups were higher than those of the NGT, IGR, and T2DM groups (all P< 0.05). The Ip/I0, AIR0'~10', and AUCins-IVGTTvalues of the TDM group were higher than those of the T2DM group but were lower than those of the TNGT, TIGR, NGR, and IGR groups (all P< 0.05). Compared with the other five groups, the Ip/I0, AIR0'~10', and AUCins-IVGTTvalues of the T2DM group were significantly decreased (all P< 0.05). The Ip/I0and AUCins-IVGTTvalues of the TNGT group were higher than those of the NGT group (all P< 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>β-cell function in TDM patients is superior to that in T2DM patients. First-phase insulin secretion could be used as an early diagnostic marker to differentiate TDM and T2DM.</p>
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Objective To study the anatomic data of the first metatarsal dorsal artery and to provide anatomical basis for clinical tissue transplantation based on the first metatarsal dorsal artery.Methods The 16 adult cadaver specimens with 32 feet were dissected and meas-ured by vernier caliper.Then the anatomic data of the first metatarsal dorsal artery were analyzed.Results Through the examinations of 32 feet sample,the first metatarsal dorsal artery were classified into 5 types.Type Ⅰ:the first metatarsal dorsal artery runs at the surface of the first dorsal interosseous muscle (13 sides,40.6%).Type Ⅱ:the first metatarsal dorsal artery runs in the interior of the first dorsal interosse-ous muscle (11sides,34.4%).Type Ⅲ:the first metatarsal dorsal artery runs underneath the first dorsal interosseous muscle (6 sides, 18.8%).Type Ⅳ:the first metatarsal dorsal artery is slender (1 side,3.1%).TypeⅤ:the first metatarsal dorsal artery is absent (1 side, 3.1%).Distance relationship was measured between the first metatarsal bone and the first metatarsal dorsal artery:the vertical distance be-tween the origin of the posterior branch of the first metatarsal dorsal artery and base of the first metatarsal bone was (2.4 ±0.3)mm,the ver-tical distance between the origin of the posterior branch of the first metatarsal dorsal artery and head of the first metatarsal bone was (10.1 ±1.0)mm;the vertical distance between the origin of the anterior branch of the first metatarsal dorsal artery and the first metatarso-phalangeal joint was (7.6 ±2.7)mm.Conclusion The first metatarsal dorsal artery has clinical reference significance for the hands and feet’s trauma and skin flap transplantation such as thumb reconstruction.
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With the wide application of electronic data management (EDC), the data management is shifting to a new mode. In order to recognize the advantages of EDC, we choose 20 representative registered clinical trials, which involve 5 404 subjects and 321 sites. We found that EDC has many beneficial impacts on the course of clinical trial data management, including the process of data collection, data cleaning, data quality control and clinical trial decision-making. The result also provides a reference for the adoption of EDC in clinical trials.
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Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Recolección de Datos , Estándares de Referencia , Almacenamiento y Recuperación de la Información , Estándares de Referencia , Control de CalidadRESUMEN
This study investigated the mental health status of medical students in China, and analyzed the influencing factors in order to provide evidence for mental health education for medical students. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to recruit medical students from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. The questionnaire survey on general information and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were used for investigation and analysis. The results showed among the 1137 valid questionnaires, 278 (24.45%) participants had SCL-90 score ≥ 160. The top three mental problems of medical students were obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity and depression in terms of the factor score ≥ 2.5 and the number of participants who reflected on the diseases. The third-year medical students had the worst mental health status, and fifth-year medical students had the best mental health status. Students from rural area had more psychological problems than those from urban area; furthermore, students with high professional satisfaction, those who were the single child of the family, non-poor students, and those whose parents had high education level had better mental health status. It was concluded that the mental health of medical students is not optimistic in China. Medical students have some mental health problems of different degrees. Factors that influence the mental health of medical students include academic pressure, professional satisfaction level and family environment.
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Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Pueblo Asiatico , China , Depresión , Etnología , Psicología , Escolaridad , Estado de Salud , Relaciones Interpersonales , Salud Mental , Etnología , Estándares de Referencia , Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo , Etnología , Psicología , Padres , Psicología , Factores de Riesgo , Salud Rural , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Estudiantes de Medicina , Psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
Objective To study the clinical characteristics of autism in febrile seizures plus (FS+) and the relationship between autism and SCN1A mutation. Methods Clinical data of 103 patients with FS+ treated in epilepsy centre of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were collected and analyzed. According to the international criteria, generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), partial seizures with febrile seizures plus (PEFS+), Dravet syndrome (DS) and autism were diagnosed. Genomic DNA was obtained from blood samples. SCN1A were PCR amplified and mutations were detected by DHPLC and sequencing. Result Mental retardation was found in 53.8%of patients with GEFS+, 69.2%of patients with PEFS+, and all patients with DS, respectively. One in GEFS+, one in PEFS+and nine in DS patients were accompanied with autism (P<0.01). Among FS+patients with autism, one SCN1A mutation was found in PEFS+patients, while six SCN1A mutations were found in DS patients. Conclusions Majority of GEFS+and PEFS+patients showed mental retardation, while all the DS patients were accompanied with retardation. The occurrence of autism with DS is higher than GEFS+and PEFS+. No definite relationship between autism and SCN1A mutation was indicated.
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Objietive Observe the clinical curative effect of PPH in treatment of complexity hemorrhoids and circular hemorrhoid. Methods From January 2010 to January 2014, the clinical data of 278 patients who underwent PPH to treat complexity hemorrhoids, mixed hemorrhoid and circular hemorrhoid were retrospectively analyzed. The postoperative recent and forward curative effect was observed. Results The average operativetime was 28 minutes, and the average hospital stay were 6. 1 days. There were postoperative complications such as pain, anal skin edema, bleeding and urinary retention. 186 cases were cured (66. 9%),35 cases were markedly improved (12. 6%),20 ca-ses were of poor effect (7. 2%),and recurrence occured in 37 cases (13. 3%). Conclusion PPH has the advantages of simple in operation and quick in postoperative recovery. But there were to many postoperative complications and the recurrence rate is high. So PPH needs more further observation and study.
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This study investigated the mental health status of medical students in China, and analyzed the influencing factors in order to provide evidence for mental health education for medical students. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to recruit medical students from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. The questionnaire survey on general information and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were used for investigation and analysis. The results showed among the 1137 valid questionnaires, 278 (24.45%) participants had SCL-90 score ≥ 160. The top three mental problems of medical students were obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity and depression in terms of the factor score ≥ 2.5 and the number of participants who reflected on the diseases. The third-year medical students had the worst mental health status, and fifth-year medical students had the best mental health status. Students from rural area had more psychological problems than those from urban area; furthermore, students with high professional satisfaction, those who were the single child of the family, non-poor students, and those whose parents had high education level had better mental health status. It was concluded that the mental health of medical students is not optimistic in China. Medical students have some mental health problems of different degrees. Factors that influence the mental health of medical students include academic pressure, professional satisfaction level and family environment.
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Red yeast rice (RYR) is made by fermenting the yeast Monascus purpureus over rice. It is a source of natural red food colorants, a food garnish and a traditional medication. Results of the current study demonstrated that polar fractions of the RYR preparations contained herbal-drug interaction activity, which if left unremoved, enhanced P-glycoprotein activity and inhibited the major drug metabolizing cytochromes P450, i,e, CYP 1A2, 2C9 and 3A4. The data from Caco-2 cell absorption and animal model studies further demonstrated that the pharmacokinetic modulation effect by RYR preparations containing the polar fractions ("untreated" preparation) was greater than that from RYR preparations with the polar fractions removed ("treated" preparation). The data indicates a potential for herb-drug interactions to be present in RYR commonly sold as nutritional supplements when the polar fractions are not removed and this should be taken into consideration when RYR is consumed with medications, including verapamil.
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Productos Biológicos/química , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Células CACO-2 , Cromatografía Liquida , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
Objective To understand the relationship between negative life events and suicide ideation,and how it was influenced by the mediating effect of depression.Methods 1145 college students from one university were selected using cluster sampling.Both Symptom Check List (SCL-90) and Qestionnaire were administered to measure depression and suicide ideation in the past week and on the prevalence of negative life events and related information.Recent negative life events would include physical illness,academic problem,financial problem and interpersonal conflict etc.Multiple logistic regressions were used to identify the mediating effect of depression.Results Physical illness (OR=2.5,P=0.028),interpersonal conflict (OR=7.2,P=0.002) and financial problem (OR =1.6,P =0.026) were significantly associated with suicide ideation,but academically-related problems did not seem to be significantly associated with suicide ideation (OR=1.8,P=0.090).After adjusted for depression,both physical illness and interpersonal conflicts were not but financial problem remained significantly associated with suicide ideation (OR =1.7,P =0.014).Our data showed that depression fully mediated the relationship between physical illness,interpersonal conflict and suicide ideation,but did not mediate the relationship between financial problem and suicide ideation.Conclusion Depression played different mediating roles between different negative life events and suicide ideation.The findings from this study might be able to provide some clues for the prevention interventions on college students.
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To survey the time management disposition of the medical postgraduates,the Time Management Disposition Scale were used on 774 medical postgraduates for investigation in 2009. The difference of medical postgraduate from the countryside,towns and cities on time management disposition is not significant ( P>0.05 ) ; Students of different gender have significant difference ( P<0.05 ). The female postgraduates cultivation on time management disposition needs to be strengthened.
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Methods development in chromatography is a time-consuming, trial-and-error process that requires laborious experimentation. We describe a high-throughput screening (HTS) protocol for the rapid identification of chromatographic steps for protein purification from cell-free expression broths. Broths containing the protein are loaded on different chromatographic resins aliquotted in membrane-bottomed microtiter plates. Serial step elution of protein from resins results in fraction collection in 96-well plates. Choice of the optimal chromatographic operating conditions is based on protein purity in eluted fractions, determined using SDS-PAGE analysis or similar analytical techniques. The screening procedure is then repeated in order to identify the subsequent chromatographic steps, ultimately leading to high purities of the protein. The protocol takes approximately 24 h in order to determine the required sequence of chromatographic steps. The use of a miniaturized screen facilitates screening of a range of media and operating conditions (i.e., pH, salt concentration, and so on.) in parallel and is a novel approach to chromatographic methods development.
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Cromatografía/métodos , Proteínas Recombinantes/aislamiento & purificación , Biotecnología , Cromatografía de Afinidad/métodos , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico/métodos , Resinas de Intercambio Iónico , Miniaturización/métodos , alfa-Amilasas/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The effects of broth pH, pressure, temperature, and fermentation medium on specific cake resistance were studied for dead-end microfiltration of Bacillus subtilis. Decreases in pH and transmembrane pressure decreased the specific cake resistance for cells grown in both complex and defined media. With the complex medium, the reduction in resistance with temperature decrease did not offset the flux decrease caused by the increase in viscosity. The greatest decrease in specific cake resistance occurred with adjustment of pH to 7.5 for cells grown in defined medium. For those cells the change in pH resulted in aggregation leading to a large increase in flux.
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Bacillus subtilis/metabolismo , Medios de Cultivo/química , Membranas Artificiales , Bacillus subtilis/enzimología , Fermentación , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Ingeniería de Proteínas , Subtilisina/metabolismo , Temperatura , Ultrafiltración/instrumentación , Ultrafiltración/métodos , ViscosidadRESUMEN
Methods development in chromatographic purification processes is a complex operation and has traditionally relied on trial and error approaches. The availability of a large number of commercial media, choice of different modes of chromatography, and diverse operating conditions contribute to the challenging task of accelerating methods development. In this paper, we describe a novel microtiter-plate based screening method to identify the appropriate sequence of chromatographic steps that result in high purities of bioproducts from their respective culture broths. Protein mixtures containing the bioproduct were loaded on aliquots of different chromatographic media in microtiter plates. Serial step elution of the proteins, in concert with bioproduct-specific assays, resulted in the identification of "active fractions" containing the bioproduct. The identification of a successful chromatographic step was based on the purity of the active fractions, which were then pooled and used as starting material for screening the next chromatographic dimension. This procedure was repeated across subsequent dimensions until single band purities of the protein were obtained. The sequence of chromatographic steps and the corresponding operating conditions identified from the screen were validated under scaled-up conditions. Various modes of chromatography including hydrophobic interaction, ion exchange (cation and anion exchange) and hydrophobic charge-induction chromatography (HCIC), and different operating conditions (pH, salt concentration and type, etc.) were employed in the screen. This approach was employed to determine the sequence of chromatographic steps for the purification of recombinant alpha-amylase from its cell-free culture broth. Recommendations from the screen resulted in single-band purity of the protein under scaled-up conditions. Similar results were observed for an scFv-beta-lactamase fusion protein. The use of a miniaturized screen enables the parallel screening of a wide variety of actual bioprocess media and conditions and represents a novel paradigm approach for the high-throughput process development of recombinant proteins.
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Biotecnología/métodos , Proteínas Recombinantes/aislamiento & purificación , alfa-Amilasas/aislamiento & purificación , beta-Lactamasas/aislamiento & purificación , Resinas de Intercambio Aniónico , Anticuerpos/genética , Anticuerpos/aislamiento & purificación , Anticuerpos/metabolismo , Bacillus subtilis/genética , Bacillus subtilis/metabolismo , Resinas de Intercambio de Catión , Cromatografía/métodos , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Región Variable de Inmunoglobulina/biosíntesis , Región Variable de Inmunoglobulina/genética , Región Variable de Inmunoglobulina/aislamiento & purificación , Miniaturización , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/biosíntesis , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Recombinantes/biosíntesis , alfa-Amilasas/biosíntesis , alfa-Amilasas/genética , beta-Lactamasas/biosíntesis , beta-Lactamasas/genéticaRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To collect basic information on family burdens and long-term influence of children suffered from traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Through prospective study, child behavioral problems, and injury-related family burden were assessed longitudinally in children with TBI over 6 months during the post injury period and children's pre-injury family function rated by parents soon after injury. Post injury child behavior and family outcomes were assessed at 6-month follow-up period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean adaptation partnership growth affection and resolve scale (APGAR) score of 113 children before TBI was 7.96 and score after TBI was 6.94, which had significantly difference through t test. The mean APGAR score after 6 months was 7.60, which was significantly different from the hospital data. Among group with severe TBI, the family APGAR score in hospital was significantly smaller than that before injury occurred, and the family APGAR score in 6 months after being discharged from the hospital had no significant difference with the score when staying in the hospital. The three leading dimensions among family burden scale of diseases (FBS) scores after TBI were dimension of family economic burden, family daily life and family entertainment. 6 months later, the three leading dimensions had changed to be as dimension of mental health status, dimension of family relationship and dimension of family economic burden. Mean score of child behavior checklist (CBCL) assessed at 6-months follow up period among 113 children was among normal range.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Family function of children with TBI was affected by TBI. However, family function could be recovered along with child's convalescence except among children with severe TBI. Long-term pressure of TBI on family was revealed in mental health status and family relationship. In this study, there were no evidence of association between TBI and children's behavior problem.</p>