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This study investigates the immediate effects of acute postural exercises on the stature of seniors, focusing on changes in both upright and supine stature measurements. A within-subject design with repeated measures was applied, involving seniors participating in continuous exercises aimed at enhancing core musculature strength and promoting muscle relaxation. Stature measurements were recorded pre- and post-exercise in both upright and supine positions, alongside assessments of body mass index (BMI) category classifications. The results revealed a post-exercise increase in stature ranging from 0.9 to 6.0 cm and from 0.2 to 7.2 cm in upright and supine positions, respectively, with an average increase of approximately 3.5 cm in both upright and supine positions. Statistically significant and clinically relevant changes were observed (p < 0.05), including a modification of BMI by approximately two units, reclassifying 55% of participants from overweight or obese to normal weight or overweight. Furthermore, the similarity between post-exercise upright stature and pre-exercise supine stature suggested that the supine position might provide a more accurate measure of stature in seniors. Conclusively, acute postural exercises have an immediate positive impact on the stature of seniors, suggesting their potential utility in clinical settings for accurate stature measurement. However, BMI results should be interpreted with caution because they are only related to the acute change in stature and therefore may lead to the misinterpretation of the study findings, so future studies focused on evaluating the chronic effect of postural exercises integration on the health outcomes of older adults are needed to demonstrate their potential utility in clinical settings to improve postural health and general well-being.
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Pasteurellaceae family members obtain iron directly from host proteins or through siderophore-dependent mechanisms. Although Gallibacterum anatis expresses different virulence factors, its response to growth under iron restriction is unknown. G. anatis cultured in the presence of 2,2'-dipyridyl, up-expressed an approximately 65 kDa protein and repressed the expression of a 70 kDa protein. MALDI-TOF analysis of those proteins indicated homology with CirA (65 kDa), a protein involved in iron-siderophore acquisition in Mannheimia succinoproducens and a TonB-dependent receptor (70 kDa protein), a protein that binds chicken hemoglobin; however, G. anatis siderophore production was not detected by chromo azurol S (CAS)-BHI agar determination. This putative G. anatis siderophore receptor is under Fur control, but not the hemoglobin binding protein, as observed in G. anatis 12656-12 fur mutant (Ω fur 126.13) grown in the presence or not of 2,2'-dipyridyl. The addition of FeCl3 to the culture medium diminished the growth and biofilm production in approximately 30% and 35%, respectively, in the wild-type strain, but the growth of Ω fur 126.13 strain was not affected and biofilm production increased in 35%. G. anatis Ω fur 126.13 presented lower virulence when it was inoculated to 35-day-old chickens in comparison to the wild-type strain. The induction of more than one iron uptake mechanism could benefit pathogenic microorganisms such as Gallibacterium.
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RESUMEN La prostatectomía radical laparoscópica y la robótica son dos opciones de tratamiento para el cáncer de próstata. Estos procedimientos, aunque avanzados, no están exentos de riesgos. Unas de las complicaciones poco comunes, pero con suficientes casos reportados en la literatura, son las migraciones de los clips hemostáticos usados en la cirugía. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 56 años de edad, operado de prostatectomía radical laparoscópica con preservación de nervios, el cual padeció de síntomas obstructivos bajos producto de un cuerpo extraño vesical más síntomas irritativos vesicouretrales, producto de radioterapia. Al paciente se le extrajo, 45 días después de la radioterapia, un clip plástico calcificado, tres años después de haber sido operado ( un año antes se le habían extraído cinco clips). Por lo inusual y delicado del caso y como alerta sobre la precaución que se debe tomar al combinar un cuerpo extraño vesical con la radioterapia y al utilizar estos dispositivos durante el acto quirúrgico, se decidió esta presentación.
ABSTRACT Laparoscopic and robotic radical prostatectomy are two treatment options for prostate cancer. These procedures, although advanced, are not without risks. Some of the rare complications, but with enough cases reported in the literature, are the migrations of the hemostatic clips used in surgery. A case of a 56-years-old patient, who underwent nerve-sparing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, who suffered from lower obstructive symptoms as a result of a bladder foreign body plus irritative vesicourethral symptoms, as a result of radiotherapy was presented. The patient had a calcified plastic clip removed 45 days after radiotherapy, three years after surgery (five clips had been removed a year earlier). Due to the unusual and delicate nature of the case and as a warning about the precaution that should be taken when combining a bladder foreign body with radiotherapy and when using these devices during the surgical act, this presentation was presented.
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Defoliation tolerance (DT) in Amaranthus cruentus is known to reach its apex at the panicle emergence (PE) phase and to decline to minimal levels at flowering (FL). In this study, defoliation-induced changes were recorded in the content of non-structural carbohydrates and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), and in the expression and/or activity of sugar starvation response-associated genes in plants defoliated at different vegetative and reproductive stages. This strategy identified sugar-starvation-related factors that explained the opposite DT observed at these key developmental stages. Peak DT at PE was associated with increased cytosolic invertase (CI) activity in all organs and with the extensive induction of various class II trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes. Contrariwise, least DT at FL coincided with a sharp depletion of starch reserves and with sucrose (Suc) accumulation, in leaves and stems, the latter of which was consistent with very low levels of CI and vacuolar invertase activities that were not further modified by defoliation. Increased Suc suggested growth-inhibiting conditions associated with altered cytosolic Suc-to-hexose ratios in plants defoliated at FL. Augmented cell wall invertase activity in leaves and roots, probably acting in a regulatory rather than hydrolytic role, was also associated with minimal DT observed at FL. The widespread contrast in gene expression patterns in panicles also matched the opposite DT observed at PE and FL. These results reinforce the concept that a localized sugar starvation response caused by C partitioning is crucial for DT in grain amaranth.
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Calcium signaling is key for the contraction, differentiation, and proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, calcium influx through store-operated channels (SOCs) is particularly important in the vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia. Previously, we found a decrease in pulmonary hypertension and remodeling in normoxic newborn lambs partially gestated under chronic hypoxia, when treated with 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-APB), a non-specific SOC blocker. However, the effects of 2-APB are unknown in neonates completely gestated, born, and raised under environmental hypoxia. Accordingly, we studied the effects of 2-APB-treatment on the cardiopulmonary variables in lambs under chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Experiments were done in nine newborn lambs gestated, born, and raised in high altitude (3,600 m): five animals were treated with 2-APB [intravenous (i.v.) 10 mg kg-1] for 10 days, while other four animals received vehicle. During the treatment, cardiopulmonary variables were measured daily, and these were also evaluated during an acute episode of superimposed hypoxia, 1 day after the end of the treatment. Furthermore, pulmonary vascular remodeling was assessed by histological analysis 2 days after the end of the treatment. Basal cardiac output and mean systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and resistance from 2-APB- and vehicle-treated lambs did not differ along with the treatment. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) decreased after the first day of 2-APB treatment and remained lower than the vehicle-treated group until the third day, and during the fifth, sixth, and ninth day of treatment. The net mPAP increase in response to acute hypoxia did not change, but the pressure area under the curve (AUC) during hypoxia was slightly lower in 2-APB-treated lambs than in vehicle-treated lambs. Moreover, the 2-APB treatment decreased the pulmonary arterial wall thickness and the α-actin immunoreactivity and increased the luminal area with no changes in the vascular density. Our findings show that 2-APB treatment partially reduced the contractile hypoxic response and reverted the pulmonary vascular remodeling, but this is not enough to normalize the pulmonary hemodynamics in chronically hypoxic newborn lambs.
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The omega 3 fatty acids (ω3FA) have been recommended for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its complications, but there are studies questioning those beneficial effects. In this research, we supplemented the short-chain ω3FA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), to a model of rats with T2DM and normoglycemic controls, for 5 months. We were mainly interested in studying the effects of diabetes and ALA on the physicochemical properties of mitochondrial membranes and the consequences on mitochondrial respiration. We found that the Respiratory Control (RC) of diabetic rats was 46% lower than in control rats; in diabetic rats with ALA supplement, it was only 23.9% lower, but in control rats with ALA supplement, the RC was 29.5% higher, apparently improving. Diabetes also decreased the membrane fluidity, changed the thermotropic characteristics of membranes, and increased the proportion of saturated fatty acids. ALA supplement partially kept regulated the physicochemical properties of mitochondrial membranes in induced rats. Our data indicate that diabetes decreased the membrane fluidity through changes in the fatty acids composition that simultaneously affected the RC, which means that the mitochondrial respiration is highly dependent on the physicochemical properties of the membranes. Simultaneously, it was followed the effects of ALA on the progress of diabetes and we found also that the supplementation of ALA helped in controlling glycaemia in rats induced to T2DM; however, in control non-induced rats, the supplementation of ALA derived in characteristics of initial development of diabetes.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Mitocondrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/metabolismo , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Water deficit stress (WDS)-tolerance in grain amaranths (Amaranthus hypochondriacus, A. cruentus and A. caudatus), and A. hybridus, their presumed shared ancestor, was examined. A. hypochondriacus was the most WDS-tolerant species, a trait that correlated with an enhanced osmotic adjustment (OA), a stronger expression of abscisic acid (ABA) marker genes and a more robust sugar starvation response (SSR). Superior OA was supported by higher basal hexose (Hex) levels and high Hex/sucrose (Suc) ratios in A. hypochondriacus roots, which were further increased during WDS. This coincided with increased invertase, amylase and sucrose synthase activities and a strong depletion of the starch reserves in leaves and roots. The OA was complemented by the higher accumulation of proline, raffinose, and other probable raffinose-family oligosaccharides of unknown structure in leaves and/or roots. The latter coincided with a stronger expression of Galactinol synthase 1 and Raffinose synthase in leaves. Increased SnRK1 activity and expression levels of the class II AhTPS9 and AhTPS11 trehalose phosphate synthase genes, recognized as part of the SSR network in Arabidopsis, were induced in roots of stressed A. hypochondriacus. It is concluded that these physiological modifications improved WDS in A. hypochondriacus by raising its water use efficiency.
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Glutamate exerts its actions through the activation of membrane receptors expressed in neurons and glia cells. The signaling properties of glutamate transporters have been characterized recently, suggesting a complex array of signaling transactions triggered by presynaptic released glutamate. In the cerebellar molecular layer, glutamatergic synapses are surrounded by Bergmann glia cells, compulsory participants of glutamate turnover and supply to neurons. Since a glutamate-dependent increase in cGMP levels has been described in these cells and the nitric oxide-cGMP signaling cascade increases their glutamate uptake activity, we describe here the Bergmann glia expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthetase. An augmentation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase was found upon glutamate exposure. This effect is mediated by glutamate transporters and is related to an increase in the stability of the enzyme. These results strengthen the notion of a complex regulation of glial glutamate uptake that supports neuronal glutamate signaling.
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Cerebelo/metabolismo , Ácido Glutámico/metabolismo , Neuroglía/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo I/metabolismo , Sistema de Transporte de Aminoácidos X-AG/metabolismo , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Embrión de Pollo , Transducción de Señal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Nitric oxide (NO) is the main vasodilator agent that drives the rapid decrease of pulmonary vascular resistance for the respiratory onset during the fetal to neonatal transition. Nevertheless, the enhanced NO generation by the neonatal pulmonary arterial endothelium does not prevent development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in species without an evolutionary story at high altitude. Therefore, this study aims to describe the limits of the NO function at high-altitude during neonatal life in the sheep as an animal model without tolerance to perinatal hypoxia. We studied the effect of blockade of NO synthesis with l-NAME in the cardiopulmonary response of lowland (580â¯m) and highland (3600â¯m) newborn lambs basally and under an episode of acute hypoxia. We also determined the pulmonary expression of proteins that mediate the actions of the NO vasodilator pathway in the pulmonary vasoactive tone and remodeling. We observed an enhanced nitrergic function in highland lambs under basal conditions, evidenced as a markedly greater increase in basal mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and resistance (PVR) under blockade of NO synthesis. Further, acute hypoxic challenge in lowland lambs infused with l-NAME markedly increased their mPAP and PVR to values greater than baseline, whilst in highland animals under NO synthesis blockade, these variables did not show additional increase in response to low PO2. Highland animals showed increased pulmonary RhoA expression, decreased PSer188-RhoA fraction, increased PSer311-p65-NFÒß fraction and up-regulated smooth muscle α-actin, relative to lowland controls. Taken together our data suggest that NO-mediated vasodilation is important to keep a low pulmonary vascular resistance under basal conditions and acute hypoxia at low-altitude. At high-altitude, the enhanced nitrergic signaling partially prevents excessive pulmonary hypertension but does not protect against acute hypoxia. The decreased vasodilator efficacy of nitrergic tone in high altitude lambs could be in part due to increased RhoA signaling that opposes to NO action in the hypoxic pulmonary circulation.
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Mal de Altura/fisiopatología , Altitud , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Circulación Pulmonar/fisiología , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Presión Arterial/fisiología , Femenino , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacología , Embarazo , Ovinos , Regulación hacia Arriba , Vasodilatación/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The honey bee is the most frequently used species in pollination services for diverse crops. In onion crops (Allium cepa), however, bees avoid visiting certain varieties, being attracted differently to male sterile (MS) and fertile (OP) lines. These differences might be based on the phenolic profiles of the cultivars' nectars. To understand the relationship between nectar composition and pollinator attraction to different onion lines, we tested sensory and cognitive abilities and palatability in honey bees exposed to MS and OP onion nectars and sugar solutions mimicking them. We evaluated the proboscis extension response (PER) after antennal contact (unconditioned response) to MS or OP onion nectars, finding no statistical differences, which indicates similar gustatory perception for the two nectars. We also performed food uptake assays to test palatability of different artificial nectars, considering their flavonoids and potassium content. The presence of potassium decreased the palatability of the artificial nectars. Finally, we evaluated the bees' cognitive abilities when the reward (unconditioned stimulus) offered during conditioning PER assays presents differences in composition. We found that potassium by itself impaired learning; however, such impairment was even higher when naringenin and quercetin were added in the unconditioned stimulus (MS nectar mimic). Interestingly, potassium together with luteolin (OP nectar mimic) improved learning. Our study demonstrates that the differences in the nectars' flavonoid profiles combined with their high potassium content could explain the previously reported differences in attractiveness between onion lines, suggesting an important role of nectar compounds other than sugars for the attractiveness of flowers to pollinators.
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Abejas/fisiología , Fenoles/metabolismo , Néctar de las Plantas/química , Animales , Conducta Apetitiva/fisiología , Cognición , Cebollas/química , RecompensaRESUMEN
The pulmonary arteries are exquisitely responsive to oxygen changes. They rapidly and proportionally contract as arterial PO2 decrease, and they relax as arterial PO2 is re-established. The hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is intrinsic since it does not require neural or endocrine factors, as evidenced in isolated vessels. On the other hand, pulmonary arteries also respond to sustained hypoxia with structural and functional remodeling, involving growth of smooth muscle medial layer and later recruitment of adventitial fibroblasts, secreted mitogens from endothelium and changes in the response to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator stimuli. Hypoxic pulmonary arterial vasoconstriction and remodeling are relevant biological responses both under physiological and pathological conditions, to explain matching between ventilation and perfusion, fetal to neonatal transition of pulmonary circulation and pulmonary artery over-constriction and thickening in pulmonary hypertension. Store operated channels (SOC) and receptor operated channels (ROC) are plasma membrane cationic channels that mediate calcium influx in response to depletion of internal calcium stores or receptor activation, respectively. They are involved in both HPV and pathological remodeling since their pharmacological blockade or genetic suppression of several of the Stim, Orai, TRP, or ASIC proteins in SOC or ROC complexes attenuate the calcium increase, the tension development, the pulmonary artery smooth muscle proliferation, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this Mini Review, we discussed the evidence obtained in in vivo animal models, at the level of isolated organ or cells of pulmonary arteries, and we identified and discussed the questions for future research needed to validate these signaling complexes as targets against pulmonary hypertension.
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KEY POINTS: Perinatal hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension in neonates, including humans. However, in species adapted to hypoxia, such as the llama, there is protection against pulmonary hypertension. Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilatator with an established role in the cardiopulmonary system of many species, but its function in the hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response in the newborn llama is unknown. Therefore, we studied the role of NO in the cardiopulmonary responses to acute hypoxia in high- and lowland newborn llamas. We show that high- compared to lowland newborn llamas have a reduced pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to acute hypoxia. Protection against excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction in the highland llama is mediated via enhancement of NO pathways, including increased MYPT1 and reduced ROCK expression as well as Ca2+ desensitization. Blunting of pulmonary hypertensive responses to hypoxia through enhanced NO pathways may be an adaptive mechanism to withstand life at high altitude in the newborn llama. ABSTRACT: Llamas are born in the Alto Andino with protection against pulmonary hypertension. The physiology underlying protection against pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses to acute hypoxia in highland species is unknown. We determined the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the cardiopulmonary responses to acute hypoxia in high- and lowland newborn llamas. The cardiopulmonary function of newborn llamas born at low (580 m) or high altitude (3600 m) was studied under acute hypoxia, with and without NO blockade. In pulmonary arteries, we measured the reactivity to potassium and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and in lung we determined the content of cGMP and the expression of the NO-related proteins: BKCa, PDE5, PSer92-PDE5, PKG-1, ROCK1 and 2, MYPT1, PSer695-MYPT1, PThr696-MYPT1, MLC20 and PSer19-MLC20. Pulmonary vascular remodelling was evaluated by morphometry and based on α-actin expression. High- compared to lowland newborn llamas showed lower in vivo pulmonary arterial pressor responses to acute hypoxia. This protection involved enhanced NO function, as NO blockade reverted the effect and the pulmonary arterial dilatator response to SNP was significantly enhanced in highland neonates. The pulmonary expression of ROCK2 and the phosphorylation of MLC20 were lower in high-altitude llamas. Conversely, MYPT1 was up-regulated whilst PSer695-MYPT1 and PThr695-MYPT1 did not change. Enhanced NO-dependent mechanisms were insufficient to prevent pulmonary arterial remodelling. Combined, the data strongly support that in the highland newborn llama reduced ROCK, increased MYPT1 expression and Ca2+ desensitization in pulmonary tissue allow an enhanced NO biology to limit hypoxic pulmonary constrictor responses. Blunting of hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive responses may be an adaptive mechanism to life at high altitude.
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Hipoxia/fisiopatología , Óxido Nítrico/fisiología , Altitud , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Presión Arterial , Camélidos del Nuevo Mundo , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Pulmón/fisiología , Arteria Pulmonar/fisiología , Circulación Pulmonar , VasoconstricciónRESUMEN
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 54 adolescentes con vida sexual activa, pertenecientes al consultorio médico No 15 del Policlínico Ramón López Peña de Santiago de Cuba, desde marzo del 2016 hasta igual mes del 2017, con vistas a describir las características de su salud sexual y reproductiva. Se estudiaron variables, tales como edad de inicio de relaciones sexuales, uso de métodos de protección, satisfacción sexual, antecedentes de infecciones de transmisión sexual y número de embarazos, partos, abortos e hijos. Se comprobó la existencia de comportamientos inadecuados que afectaron la esfera de la salud de estos adolescentes. El inicio precoz de las relaciones coitales desprotegidas, el cambio frecuente de pareja sexual, la elevada frecuencia de embarazos, abortos, partos e infecciones de transmisión sexual, fueron elementos negativos que demostraron la existencia de una baja percepción de los riesgos a los cuales se exponían(AU)
A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 54 adolescents with active sexual life, belonging to the doctor's office No 15 of Ramón López Peña Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from March, 2016 to the same month in 2017, aimed at describing the characteristics of their sexual and reproductive health. Some variables were studied, such as age of beginning sexual relationships, use of protection methods, sexual satisfaction, history of sexually transmitted infections and number of pregnancies, childbirths, abortions and children. The existence of inadequate behaviors that affected these adolescents health sphere was proven. The early beginning of the unprotected sexual relationships, frequent change of sexual partner, high frequency of pregnancies, abortions, childbirths and sexually transmitted infections, were negative elements that demonstrated the existence of a low perception of the risks to which they were exposed(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Atención Primaria de Salud , Sexualidad , Salud Reproductiva , Salud Reproductiva , Salud Sexual , Servicios de Salud Reproductiva , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 54 adolescentes con vida sexual activa, pertenecientes al consultorio médico No 15 del Policlínico Ramón López Peña de Santiago de Cuba, desde marzo del 2016 hasta igual mes del 2017, con vistas a describir las características de su salud sexual y reproductiva. Se estudiaron variables, tales como edad de inicio de relaciones sexuales, uso de métodos de protección, satisfacción sexual, antecedentes de infecciones de transmisión sexual y número de embarazos, partos, abortos e hijos. Se comprobó la existencia de comportamientos inadecuados que afectaron la esfera de la salud de estos adolescentes. El inicio precoz de las relaciones coitales desprotegidas, el cambio frecuente de pareja sexual, la elevada frecuencia de embarazos, abortos, partos e infecciones de transmisión sexual, fueron elementos negativos que demostraron la existencia de una baja percepción de los riesgos a los cuales se exponían
A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 54 adolescents with active sexual life, belonging to the doctor's office No 15 of Ramón López Peña Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, from March, 2016 to the same month in 2017, aimed at describing the characteristics of their sexual and reproductive health. Some variables were studied, such as age of beginning sexual relationships, use of protection methods, sexual satisfaction, history of sexually transmitted infections and number of pregnancies, childbirths, abortions and children. The existence of inadequate behaviors that affected these adolescents health sphere was proven. The early beginning of the unprotected sexual relationships, frequent change of sexual partner, high frequency of pregnancies, abortions, childbirths and sexually transmitted infections, were negative elements that demonstrated the existence of a low perception of the risks to which they were exposed
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Atención Primaria de Salud , Servicios de Salud Reproductiva , Salud Reproductiva , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Transversales , Sexualidad , Salud SexualRESUMEN
The biological membranes are important in cell function but, during development of diseases such as diabetes, they are impaired. Consequently, membrane-associated biological processes are impaired as well. The mitochondria are important organelles where oxidative phosphorylation takes place, a process closely related with the membranes. In general, it is accepted that the development process of diabetes decreases membrane fluidity. However, in some cases, it has been found to increase membrane fluidity of mitochondria but to decrease the Respiratory Control (RC) index. In this study we found an increase of membrane fluidity and an increase of the RC at an early phase of the development of a type 2 diabetes model. We measured the lipoperoxidation, analyzed the fatty acids composition by gas chromatography, and assessed membrane fluidity using three fluorescent monitors located at different depths inside the bilayer, dipyrenilpropane (DPyP), diphenylhexatriene (DPH), and trimethylammonium diphenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH). Our findings indicate that in the initial stage of diabetes development, when lipoperoxidation still is not significant, the membrane fluidity of liver mitochondria increases because of the increment in the unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio (U/S), thus producing an increase of the RC. The membrane fluidity is not the same at all depths in the bilayer. Contrary to the results obtained in mitochondria, the diabetes induced a decrease in the U/S fatty acids ratio of liver total lipids, indicating that the mitochondria might have an independent mechanism for regulating its fatty acids composition.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Fluidez de la Membrana , Mitocondrias Hepáticas/ultraestructura , Animales , Respiración de la Célula , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Peróxidos Lipídicos/análisis , Mitocondrias Hepáticas/química , Membranas Mitocondriales , Fosforilación Oxidativa , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Since the discovery of melatonin in plants, several roles have been described for different species, organs, and developmental stages. Arabidopsis thaliana, being a model plant species, is adequate to contribute to the elucidation of the role of melatonin in plants. In this work, melatonin was monitored daily by UHPLC-MS/MS in leaves, in order to study its diurnal accumulation as well as the effects of natural and artificial light treatments on its concentration. Furthermore, the effects of exogenous application of melatonin to assess its role in seed viability after heat stress and as a regulator of growth and development of vegetative tissues were evaluated. Our results indicate that melatonin contents in Arabidopsis were higher in plants growing under natural radiation when compared to those growing under artificial conditions, and its levels were not diurnally-regulated. Exogenous melatonin applications prolonged seed viability after heat stress conditions. In addition, melatonin applications retarded leaf senescence. Its effects as growth promoter were dose and tissue-dependent; stimulating root growth at low concentrations and decreasing leaf area at high doses.
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Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Melatonina/metabolismo , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Semillas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Melatonin (MT) presence in higher plants was recently discovered and the knowledge of its function in vivo is limited. Several studies have recently shown the occurrence of MT and related compounds in grapes and wines. The analysis of MT in plants and foods represents a highly challenging task due to its wide concentration range, the difficulty in the selection of the extraction solvents because of its amphipathic nature, and the fact that it reacts quickly with other matrix components. Thus, sample processing factors; preparation/cleanup procedures; and chromatographic/detection parameters, such as HILIC and reverse phase (C(8) and C(18)) chromatographic modes, ESI, and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in both negative and positive modes were evaluated. Taken together, we have demonstrated that optimal conditions were quite different for each of the matrices under study. A sonication-mediated extraction step was necessary for grape skin (100% v/v methanol) and plant tissues (50% v/v methanol), while wine and must required a SPE preconcentration step. HILIC-(+) APCI ionization was better for MT standards, while C(8) -(+) APCI was the best choice for grape skin and C(18) -(+ESI) was suitable for wine. On the other hand, C(8) -(+)ESI was the most appropriate for vegetal tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. Proposed methods were validated and the LODs were in the low picogram levels range. The optimized approaches were applied to the determination of MT and its isomer in different vegetal/food samples; levels found within the range: 4.9-440 ng/g.
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Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Melatonina/análisis , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Análisis de Varianza , Arabidopsis/química , Iones/química , Análisis de los Mínimos Cuadrados , Límite de Detección , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Vitis/química , Vino/análisisRESUMEN
We determined whether store-operated channels (SOC) are involved in neonatal pulmonary artery function under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia, using newborn sheep gestated and born either at high altitude (HA, 3,600 m) or low altitude (LA, 520 m). Cardiopulmonary variables were recorded in vivo, with and without SOC blockade by 2-aminoethyldiphenylborinate (2-APB), during basal or acute hypoxic conditions. 2-APB did not have effects on basal mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure, or systemic vascular resistance in both groups of neonates. During acute hypoxia 2-APB reduced mPAP and pulmonary vascular resistance in LA and HA, but this reduction was greater in HA. In addition, isolated pulmonary arteries mounted in a wire myograph were assessed for vascular reactivity. HA arteries showed a greater relaxation and sensitivity to SOC blockers than LA arteries. The pulmonary expression of two SOC-forming subunits, TRPC4 and STIM1, was upregulated in HA. Taken together, our results show that SOC contribute to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in newborn sheep and that SOC are upregulated by chronic hypoxia. Therefore, SOC may contribute to the development of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. We propose SOC channels could be potential targets to treat neonatal pulmonary hypertension.
Asunto(s)
Altitud , Canales Iónicos/fisiología , Circulación Pulmonar/fisiología , Oveja Doméstica/fisiología , Mal de Altura/sangre , Mal de Altura/complicaciones , Mal de Altura/genética , Mal de Altura/fisiopatología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Compuestos de Boro/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Hemodinámica/fisiología , Humanos , Hipoxia/sangre , Hipoxia/complicaciones , Hipoxia/genética , Hipoxia/fisiopatología , Recién Nacido , Canales Iónicos/sangre , Canales Iónicos/genética , Síndrome de Circulación Fetal Persistente/sangre , Síndrome de Circulación Fetal Persistente/etiología , Síndrome de Circulación Fetal Persistente/fisiopatología , Arteria Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Circulación Pulmonar/efectos de los fármacos , Oveja Doméstica/sangre , Oveja Doméstica/genética , Canales Catiónicos TRPC/sangre , Canales Catiónicos TRPC/fisiología , Vasoconstricción/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Microbial mats are self-sustained, functionally complex ecosystems that make good models for the understanding of past and present microbial ecosystems as well as putative extraterrestrial ecosystems. Ecological theory suggests that the composition of these communities might be affected by nutrient availability and disturbance frequency. We characterized two microbial mats from two contrasting environments in the oligotrophic Cuatro Ciénegas Basin: a permanent green pool and a red desiccation pond. We analyzed their taxonomic structure and composition by means of 16S rRNA clone libraries and metagenomics and inferred their metabolic role by the analysis of functional traits in the most abundant organisms. Both mats showed a high diversity with metabolically diverse members and strongly differed in structure and composition. The green mat had a higher species richness and evenness than the red mat, which was dominated by a lineage of Pseudomonas. Autotrophs were abundant in the green mat, and heterotrophs were abundant in the red mat. When comparing with other mats and stromatolites, we found that taxonomic composition was not shared at species level but at order level, which suggests environmental filtering for phylogenetically conserved functional traits with random selection of particular organisms. The highest diversity and composition similarity was observed among systems from stable environments, which suggests that disturbance regimes might affect diversity more strongly than nutrient availability, since oligotrophy does not appear to prevent the establishment of complex and diverse microbial mat communities. These results are discussed in light of the search for extraterrestrial life.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bacterias/genética , Ambiente , Microbiología Ambiental , Metagenómica/métodos , Consorcios Microbianos/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Biblioteca de Genes , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Geografía , Funciones de Verosimilitud , Metagenoma/genética , México , Filogenia , Análisis de Componente Principal , Pseudomonas/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
Diabetes and hypertension are closely related diseases associated with changes in membrane fluidity. Here, we measured the membrane fluidity of erythrocyte ghosts from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), with or without streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, at the ages of 1, 3 and 6 months, by introducing the use of the intramolecular excimer forming dipyrenylpropane (DPyP) in this model. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in 48-h-old, newborn male SHR by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. We found lower excimer to monomer (I (e)/I (m)) DPyP ratios in diabetic SHR than in control SHR at 3 and 6 months old, indicating a decrease in membrane fluidity. Simultaneously, the composition of fatty acids was determined and it was found that the unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio (U/S) was compatible with changes in membrane fluidity. These results suggest that the change in fatty acid composition of erythrocyte ghosts contributes significantly to the decreased membrane fluidity detected with DPyP in diabetic SHR.