Systematic Photoassisted Access to Designer Polyheterocycles via Modular Blocks and Scaffolding.

Diverse polyheterocycles are accessed via scaffolded photoassisted synthesis involving decarboxylative aromatization of the primary photoproducts from intramolecular cycloadditions of azaxylylenes and tethered heteroaromatic unsaturated pendants.

Molecular basis for nuclear accumulation and targeting of the inhibitor of apoptosis BIRC2.

The inhibitor of apoptosis protein BIRC2 regulates fundamental cell death and survival signaling pathways. Here we show that BIRC2 accumulates in the nucleus via binding of its second and third BIR domains, BIRC2BIR2 and BIRC2BIR3, to the histone H3 tail and report the structure of the BIRC2BIR3-H3 complex. RNA-seq analysis reveals that the genes involved in interferon and defense response signaling and cell-cycle regulation are most affected by depletion of BIRC2. Overexpression of BIRC2 delays DNA damage repair and recovery of the cell-cycle progression. We describe the structural mechanism for targeting of BIRC2BIR3 by a potent but biochemically uncharacterized small molecule inhibitor LCL161 and demonstrate that LCL161 disrupts the association of endogenous BIRC2 with H3 and stimulates cell death in cancer cells. We further show that LCL161 mediates degradation of BIRC2 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected human CD4+ T cells. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the nuclear accumulation of and blocking BIRC2.

Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope E protein to human BRD4 is essential for infection.

Emerging new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and inevitable acquired drug resistance call for the continued search of new pharmacological targets to fight the potentially fatal infection. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which the E protein of SARS-CoV-2 hijacks the human transcriptional regulator BRD4. We found that SARS-CoV-2 E is acetylated in vivo and co-immunoprecipitates with BRD4 in human cells. Bromodomains (BDs) of BRD4 bind to the C-terminus of the E protein, acetylated by human acetyltransferase p300, whereas the ET domain of BRD4 recognizes the unmodified motif of the E protein. Inhibitors of BRD4 BDs, JQ1 or OTX015, decrease SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in lung bronchial epithelial cells, indicating that the acetyllysine binding function of BDs is necessary for the virus fitness and that BRD4 represents a potential anti-COVID-19 target. Our findings provide insight into molecular mechanisms that contribute to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and shed light on a new strategy to block SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The Discreet Structural Diversity of Briarellins: DU8+ Guided Multiple Structure Revisions Yielded Two Unknown Structural Types.

Briarellins, a subset of C2-C11 cyclized cembranoids, were proposed to contain a C3-C14 ether or lactone bridge, similar to asbestinins. However, the total synthesis of the proposed structure of briarellin J revealed a misassignment. We revisited briarellins, computationally, with the help of a recently developed hybrid DFT/parametric method, DU8+, and revised the structures of briarellin C14-C3 ε-lactones to new structural types containing either a C14-C11 or C14-C12 lactone bridge. The original structures of briarellin and asbestinin ethers were confirmed.

Stereochemical revision of xylogranatin F by GIAO and DU8+ NMR calculations.

This manuscript describes predicted NMR shifts for the limonoid natural product xylogranatin F. The 1 H and 13 C NMR shifts of four diastereomers were evaluated by GIAO and hybrid DFT/parametric DU8+ methods. The results of the 1 H and 13 C NMR calculations for both the GIAO method and the DU8+ calculations suggest the revised structure that was recently reassigned by chemical synthesis. Furthermore, we show that while DU8+ provides superior accuracy with less computation time, GIAO points to the correct structure with more distinguishable data in this case study.