Anatomical variants of the celiac trunk.

AIM OF THE STUDY: Determine the anatomical variants of the celiac trunk and describe it in its modal form using a scanner. PATIENTS: In total, 200 patients were included in this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out using a multi-detector scanner (SIEMENS Somatom Emotion Excel Edition, 16 bars). The two-dimensional and three-dimensional reconstructions by volume were made with the OSIRIX software. It was a retrospective study. The study had taken into account the result of the abdominal scanners injected carried out from December 15, 2018 to February 15, 2019 i.e. 14 months (1 year 2 months). RESULTS: A predominance of type I of UFLACKER is 93.50% with a rate of change from normal of 6.50%. A vertebral projection of the origin of the celiac trunk at the level of the T12-L1 intervertebral disc was observed in 52.80%. An existence of collateral branches in 7.5% of cases. Other terminal branches apart from the three classics were found in 8.5% of the cases. CONCLUSION: These variants deserve special attention in the case of a pre-therapeutic vascular assessment for the surgical or interventional management of tumors and trauma of the supra-meso-colic viscera or even for organ transplantation.

Multiple variations of collateral branches of the abdominal aorta associated with pyelic duplication: A case report.

PURPOSE: We describe a rare case of anatomical variation of the collaterals of the abdominal aorta associated with a duplication of the pyelic. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A 51-year-old patient in whom an abdominal CT scan was performed as part of the exploration of a cystic left renal mass objectified on ultrasound. RESULTS: A celiomesenteric trunk with two left renal arteries and a duplication of the left pyelon were found. CONCLUSION: The reported case is of interest in the rare association of these anatomical variants.

Absence de méat acoustique externe et fixation antérieure du malleus : à propos d'un cas

L'absence de méat acoustique externe constitue 5.7% de l'ensemble des malformations de l'oreille. Il peut être isolé ou associé à d'autres malformations de l'oreille dont la fixation du malléus à la paroi latérale de la caisse du tympan. Nous rapportons un cas d'absence de méat acoustique externe gauche associée à une fixation pariétale antérieure bilatérale du malléus à la caisse tympanique

Effectiveness of demand generation interventions on use of modern contraceptives in low- and middle-income countries.

OBJECTIVES: To synthesise evidence on the implementation, costs and cost-effectiveness of demand generation interventions and their effectiveness in improving uptake of modern contraception methods. METHODS: A Cochrane systematic review was conducted. Searches were performed in electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE) and the grey literature. Randomised controlled trials, cluster randomised trials and quasi-experimental studies, including controlled before-after studies (CBAs) and cost and cost-effectiveness studies that aimed to assess demand interventions (including community- and facility-based interventions, financial mechanisms and mass media campaigns) in low- and middle-income countries were considered. Meta-analyses and narrative synthesis were conducted. RESULTS: In total, 20 papers meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Of those, 13 were used for meta-analysis. Few data were available on implementation and on the influence of context on demand interventions. Involving family members during counselling, providing education activities and increasing exposure to those activities could enhance the success of demand interventions. Demand generation interventions were positively associated with increases in current use (pooled OR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.46-1.69, P < 0.01). Financial mechanism interventions (vouchers) appeared effective to increase use of modern contraceptive methods (pooled OR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.91-2.45, P < 0.01; I2 = 0%). Demand interventions improved knowledge (pooled OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.63-1.64, P = 0.93) and attitudes towards family planning and improved discussion with partners/husbands around modern contraceptive methods. However, given the limited number of studies included in each category of demand generation interventions, the dates of publication of the studies and their low quality, caution is advised in considering the results. Very limited evidence was available on costs; studies including data on costs were old and inconsistent. CONCLUSION: Demand generation interventions contribute to increases in modern contraceptive methods use. However, more studies with robust designs are needed to identify the most effective demand generation intervention to increase uptake of modern contraceptive methods. More evidence is also needed about implementation, costs and cost-effectiveness to inform decisions on sustainability and scaling-up.

Prevalence case-control study of epilepsy in three Burkina Faso villages.

PURPOSE: To estimate the association between the prevalence of epilepsy and potential risk factors in three Burkina Faso villages. METHODS: Three villages were selected based on local reports of high numbers of epilepsy cases and pig-rearing practices. One person aged 7 or older was selected at random from all households of selected concessions for epilepsy screening and blood sampling. Epilepsy was confirmed by a physician using the ILAE definition. The cross-sectional associations between epilepsy and selected factors and seroresponse to the antigens of Taenia solium were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression. Prevalence odds ratios (POR) and their 95% Bayesian Credible Intervals (95% BCI) were estimated. RESULTS: Of 888 individuals interviewed, 39 of 70 screened positive were confirmed to have epilepsy for a lifetime prevalence of 4.5% (95% CI: 3.3; 6.0). The prevalence of epilepsy was associated with a positive reaction to cysticercosis Ag-ELISA serology (POR = 3.1, 95% BCI = 1.0; 8.3), past pork consumption (POR = 9.7, 95% BCI = 2.5; 37.9), and being salaried or a trader compared to a farmer or housewife (POR = 2.9, 95% BCI = 1.2; 6.4). DISCUSSION: Several factors were associated with prevalent epilepsy, with Ag-ELISA suggesting the presence of neurocysticercosis. The association between epilepsy and some occupations may reflect differences in local attitudes toward epilepsy and should be further explored.

Missing maternal deaths: lessons from Souro Sanou University Hospital in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

We investigated the location of maternal deaths in the Souro Sanou University Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. In all, the deaths of 585 women of reproductive age (12-49 years) were reviewed, and 132 (22.6%) were found to be maternal. Of these132, 43 (33.6%) occurred outside of the maternity unit. Some direct causes of death (eclampsia and sepsis) and indirect causes of death (cardiac illness and HIV/AIDS) would be omitted if only cases occurring on the maternity ward are investigated. Alarmingly, 93 (70%) of the 132 maternal deaths would have been missed in this hospital if we had used a narrow search process (excluding non-maternity wards) and narrow definition (excluding indirect causes). In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate the potential for seriously underestimating the magnitude of maternal mortality within facilities and for neglecting pregnant or recently pregnant women dying in non-maternity wards and from indirect complications.

[Retrospective study of urogenital fistula in Burkina Faso from 2001 to 2003]. / Bilan rétrospectif des fistules urogénitales obstétricales de 2001 a 2003 au Burkina Faso.

The purpose of this study was to analyze aspects of obstetric urogenital fistulae to provide a foundation for implementation of a national control program in Burkina Faso. A cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative components was carried out in 47 hospitals in January 2004. The quantitative component consisted of analyzing available data for 2001, 2002 and 2003. The qualitative component consisted of interviewing women with fistulae to evaluate the impact of the disease on the quality of life and persons in charge of the health reference centers to identify the difficulties and needs of the facility. In the 3-year study period, 1,500,000 deliveries were attended and 347 fistulae were identified in the health reference centers. The incidence rate of obstetric fistulae was 23.1 per 100 000 deliveries (CI 95% 20.8-25.7). Women with fistulae were young and usually without paid employment. Many had a history of dystocia during the labor. Most fistulae were recent, small or average in size and located at the level of the vesico-vaginal septum. The failure rate of surgical treatment was about 17.5%. Four of the 12 women interviewed reported social alienation and ostrasization. Only 4 of the 47 hospitals studied had a personnel qualified to manage women with urogenital fistula on a daily basis. One NGO assisted women in obtaining care. Proposals for improvement of the situation were considered at a national validation workshop. These findings support the need to implement a national program that should be evaluated to see lessons learned from this study.

Describing safe motherhood programs for priority setting: the case of Burkina Faso.

OBJECTIVE: This study was implemented to describe safe motherhood programs in Burkina Faso for planning and programming purposes. METHODS: Twenty safe motherhood programs were described from November 2003 through May 2004 using a structured questionnaire, interviews with safe motherhood program managers and document reviews. RESULTS: Only 2 of the 20 programs were designed to improve the availability of comprehensive emergency obstetric care, and only 2 comprehensively addressed all components of skilled attendance at delivery. Other gaps identified included poor availability of baseline data, few monitoring measures, and lack of planning for evaluation needs. National geographical coverage was also uneven. CONCLUSION: A systematic overview of safe motherhood programs in a country can help to set priorities and aid in decision making for the allocation of resources towards contextually relevant strategies to curtail maternal mortality and severe morbidity. Planning for program design and evaluation may also be aided by such a process.