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Protection suits are vital for firefighters' safety. Traditional protection suits physically protect firemen from burns, but cannot locate the position of bodily injuries caused by impact debris. Herein, we present a wearable impact debris positioning system for firefighter protection suits based on an accelerometer array. Wearable piezoelectric accelerometers are distributed regularly on the suit to detect the vibration on different body parts, which is conducive to determining the position of injured body parts. In addition, the injured parts can be displayed on a dummy body model on the upper computer with a higher localization accuracy of 4 cm. The positioning alarm system has a rapid response time of 0.11 ms, attributed to the smart signal processing method. This work provides a reliable and smart method for locating and assessing the position of bodily injuries caused by impact debris, which is significant because it enables fire commanders to rescue injured firefighters in time.
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Acelerometría , Bomberos , Acelerometría/instrumentación , Humanos , Ropa de Protección , Dispositivos Electrónicos Vestibles , VibraciónRESUMEN
In the original publication [...].
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Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a common pregnancy-related disorder. Cbl proto-oncogene like 1 (CBLL1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which has been reported to vary with the menstrual cycle in the endometrium. However, whether CBLL1 is involved in the occurrence and development of RSA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CBLL1 on RSA. We analyzed the expression of CBLL1 in the decidua of RSA patients, as well as its functional effects on cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and proliferation of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs). RNA sequencing was employed to identify a key downstream target gene regulated by CBLL1. We found that CBLL1 was upregulated in the decidua of RSA patients. Additionally, overexpression of CBLL1 promoted HESC senescence, increased oxidative stress levels, and inhibited proliferation. Phosphatase and tensin homolog located on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was identified as one of the important downstream target genes of CBLL1. In vivo experiments demonstrated that CBLL1 overexpression in the endometrium caused higher embryo absorption rate in mice. Consequently, elevated CBLL1 expression is a potential cause of RSA, representing a novel therapeutic target for RSA.
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Aborto Habitual , Senescencia Celular , Endometrio , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN , Células del Estroma , Adulto , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Embarazo , Aborto Habitual/metabolismo , Aborto Habitual/genética , Aborto Habitual/patología , Proliferación Celular , Decidua/metabolismo , Decidua/patología , Endometrio/metabolismo , Endometrio/patología , Estrés Oxidativo , Proto-Oncogenes Mas , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/metabolismo , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/genética , Células del Estroma/metabolismoRESUMEN
The Bursa of Fabricius, an avian unique humoral immune organ, is instrumental to B cell development. Bursal-derived peptide BP9 fosters B-cell development and formation. Yet, the exact mechanism wherein BP9 impacts B cell differentiation and antigenic presentation remains undefined. In this paper, B cell activation and differentiation in the spleen cells from mice immunized with the AIV vaccine and BP9 were detected following flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of BP9 in B cell differentiation in vivo was investigated with RNA sequencing technology. To verify the potential functional mechanism of BP9 in the antigenic presentation process, the transcriptome molecular basis of chicken macrophages stimulated by BP9 was measured via high-throughput sequencing technology. The results proved that when given in experimental dosages, BP9 notably accelerated total B cells, and enhanced B-cell differentiation and plasma cell production. The gene expression profiles of B cells from mice immunized with 0.01 mg/mL BP9 and AIV vaccine disclosed that 0.01 mg/mL BP9 initiated the enrichment of several biological functions and significantly stimulated key B-cell pathways in immunized mice. Crucially, a total of 4093 differentially expressed genes were identified in B cells with BP9 stimulation, including 943 upregulated genes and 3150 downregulated genes. Additionally, BP9 induced various cytokine productions in the chicken macrophage HD11 cells and activated 9 upregulated and 20 downregulated differential miRNAs, which were involved in various signal and biological processes. Furthermore, BP9 stimulated the activation of multiple transcription factors in HD11 cells, which was related to antigen presentation processes. In summary, these results suggested that BP9 might promote B cell differentiation and induce antigen presentation, which might provide the valuable insights into the mechanism of B cell differentiation upon bursal-derived immunomodulating peptide stimulation and provide a solid experimental groundwork for enhancing vaccine-induced immunity.
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Influenza virus infection poses a great threat to human health globally each year. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the human genome have been reported to participate in the replication process of the influenza virus, among which there are still many unknowns about Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNAs (LincRNAs) in the cell cycle of viral infections. Here, we observed an increased expression of Linc01615 in A549 cells upon influenza virus PR8 infection, accompanied by the successful activation of the intracellular immune system. The knockdown of Linc01615 using the shRNAs promoted the proliferation of the influenza A virus, and the intracellular immune system was inhibited, in which the expressions of IFN-ß, IL-28A, IL-29, ISG-15, MX1, and MX2 were decreased. Predictions from the catRAPID website suggested a potential interaction between Linc01615 and DHX9. Also, knocking down Linc01615 promoted influenza virus proliferation. The subsequent transcriptome sequencing results indicated a decrease in Linc01615 expression after influenza virus infection when DHX9 was knocked down. Further analysis through cross-linking immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing (CLIP-seq) in HEK293 cells stably expressing DHX9 confirmed the interaction between DHX9 and Linc01615. We speculate that DHX9 may interact with Linc01615 to partake in influenza virus replication and that Linc01615 helps to activate the intracellular immune system. These findings suggest a deeper connection between DHX9 and Linc01615, which highlights the significant role of Linc01615 in the influenza virus replication process. This research provides valuable insights into understanding influenza virus replication and offers new targets for preventing influenza virus infections.
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ARN Helicasas DEAD-box , Gripe Humana , ARN Largo no Codificante , Replicación Viral , Humanos , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Células A549 , Células HEK293 , Gripe Humana/virología , Gripe Humana/genética , Gripe Humana/inmunología , Gripe Humana/metabolismo , ARN Helicasas DEAD-box/genética , ARN Helicasas DEAD-box/metabolismo , Virus de la Influenza A/fisiología , Animales , Perros , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Proteínas de NeoplasiasRESUMEN
Inappropriate endometrial stromal decidualization has been implied as an important reason of many pregnancy-related complications, such as unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Here, we observed that thrombospondin-1, an adhesive glycoprotein, was significantly downregulated in endometrial decidual cells from patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. The immortalized human endometrial stromal cell line was used to investigate the possible THBS1-mediated regulation of decidualization. In vitro experiments found that the expression level of THBS1 increased with the normal decidualization process. Knockdown of THBS1 could decrease the expression levels of prolactin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, two acknowledged human decidualization markers, whereas THBS1 overexpression could reverse these effects. The RNA sequencing results demonstrated that the extracellular regulated protein kinases signaling pathway was potentially affected by the knockdown of THBS1. We further confirmed that the regulation of THBS1 on decidualization was achieved through the ERK signaling pathway by the treatment of inhibitors. Moreover, knockdown of THBS1 in pregnant mice could impair decidualization and result in an increased fetus resorption rate. Altogether, our study demonstrated a crucial role of THBS1 in the pathophysiological process of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and provided some new insights into the research of pregnancy-related complications.
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Aborto Habitual , Decidua , Endometrio , Células del Estroma , Trombospondina 1 , Adulto , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Embarazo , Aborto Habitual/genética , Aborto Habitual/metabolismo , Decidua/metabolismo , Endometrio/metabolismo , Endometrio/patología , Células del Estroma/metabolismo , Trombospondina 1/genética , Trombospondina 1/metabolismo , MasculinoRESUMEN
Avian influenza (AI), caused by H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV), poses a serious threat to poultry farming and public health due to its transmissibility and pathogenicity. The PB2 protein is a major component of the viral RNA polymerase complex. It is of great importance to identify the antigenic determinants of the PB2 protein to explore the function of the PB2 protein. In this study, the PB2 sequence of H9N2 subtype AIV, from 1090 to 1689 bp, was cloned and expressed. The recombinant PB2 protein with cutting gel was used to immunize BALB/c mice. After cell fusion, the hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the PB2 protein were screened by indirect ELISA and western blotting, and the antigenic epitopes of mAbs were identified by constructing truncated overlapping fragments in the PB2 protein of H9N2 subtype AIV. The results showed that three hybridoma cell lines (4B7, 4D10, and 5H1) that stably secreted mAbs specific to the PB2 protein were screened; the heavy chain of 4B7 was IgG2α, those of 4D10 and 5H1 were IgG1, and all three mAbs had kappa light chain. Also, the minimum B-cell epitope recognized was 475LRGVRVSK482 and 528TITYSSPMMW537. Homology analysis showed that these two epitopes were conserved among the different subtypes of AIV strains and located on the surface of the PB2 protein. The above findings provide an experimental foundation for further investigation of the function of the PB2 protein and developing monoclonal antibody-based diagnostic kits.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Epítopos de Linfocito B , Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Aviar , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Proteínas Virales , Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Proteínas Virales/genética , Proteínas Virales/inmunología , Proteínas Virales/metabolismo , Ratones , Gripe Aviar/virología , Gripe Aviar/inmunología , Epítopos de Linfocito B/inmunología , Hibridomas , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/genética , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Pollos/virología , FemeninoRESUMEN
Background: Serum albumin plays a pivotal role in regulating plasma oncotic pressure and modulating fluid distribution among various body compartments. Previous research examining the association between maternal serum albumin levels and fetal growth yielded limited and inconclusive findings. Therefore, the specific influence of serum albumin on fetal growth remains poorly understood and warrants further investigation. Methods: A retrospective study involved 39200 women who had a singleton live birth at a tertiary-care academic medical center during the period from January 2017 to December 2020. Women were categorized into four groups according to the quartile of albumin concentration during early pregnancy: Q1 group, ≤41.0 g/L; Q2 group, 41.1-42.6 g/L; Q3 group, 42.7-44.3 g/L and Q4 group, >44.3 g/L. The main outcome measures were mid-term estimated fetal weight, birthweight and gestational age. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis were performed to detect the independent effect of maternal serum albumin level on fetal growth after adjusting for important confounding variables. Results: In the crude analysis, a significant inverse correlation was found between early pregnancy maternal serum albumin levels and fetal growth status, including mid-term ultrasound measurements, mid-term estimated fetal weight, birthweight, and gestational age. After adjustment for a number of confounding factors, mid-term estimated fetal weight, birthweight, and birth height decreased significantly with increasing albumin levels. Compared to the Q2 group, the Q4 group had higher rates of preterm birth (aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.34), small-for-gestational-age (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.11-1.45) and low birthweight (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.18-1.69), and lower rate of large-for-gestational-age (aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.94). Moreover, to achieve the optimal neonatal outcome, women with higher early pregnancy albumin levels required a greater reduction in albumin levels in later pregnancy stages. Conclusions: A higher maternal serum albumin level during early pregnancy was associated with poor fetal growth, with the detrimental effects becoming apparent as early as the mid-gestation period. These findings provided vital information for clinicians to predict fetal growth status and identify cases with a high risk of adverse neonatal outcomes early on.
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Peso Fetal , Nacimiento Prematuro , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Peso al Nacer , Edad Gestacional , Estudios Retrospectivos , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal , Albúmina SéricaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Abnormal placental development is a significant factor contributing to perinatal morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 5-7% of pregnant women. Trophoblast syncytialization plays a pivotal role in the establishment and maturation of the placenta, and its dysregulation is closely associated with several pregnancy-related disorders, including preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. However, the underlying mechanisms and genetic determinants of syncytialization are largely unknown. METHODS: We conducted a systematic drug screen using an epigenetic compound library to systematically investigate the epigenetic mechanism essential for syncytialization, and identified mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), a histone 3 lysine 4 methyltransferase, as a crucial regulator of trophoblast syncytialization. BeWo cells were utilized to investigate the role of MLL1 during trophoblast syncytialization. RNA sequencing and CUT&Tag were further performed to search for potential target genes and the molecular pathways involved. Human placenta tissue was used to investigate the role of MLL1 in TEA domain transcription factor 4 (TEAD4) expression and the upstream signaling during syncytialization. A mouse model was used to examine whether inhibition of MLL1-mediated H3K4me3 regulated placental TEAD4 expression and fetoplacental growth. RESULTS: Genetic knockdown of MLL1 or pharmacological inhibition of the MLL1 methyltransferase complex (by MI-3454) markedly enhanced syncytialization, while overexpression of MLL1 inhibited forskolin (FSK)-induced syncytiotrophoblast formation. In human placental villous tissue, MLL1 was predominantly localized in the nuclei of cytotrophoblasts. Moreover, a notable upregulation in MLL1 expression was observed in the villus tissue of patients with preeclampsia compared with that in the control group. Based on RNA sequencing and CUT&Tag analyses, depletion of MLL1 inhibited the Hippo signaling pathway by suppressing TEAD4 expression by modulating H3K4me3 levels on the TEAD4 promoter region. TEAD4 overexpression significantly reversed the FSK-induced or MLL1 silencing-mediated trophoblast syncytialization. Additionally, decreased hypoxia-inducible factor 1A (HIF1A) enrichment at the MLL1 promoter was observed during syncytialization. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF1A could bind to and upregulate MLL1, leading to the activation of the MLL1/TEAD4 axis. In vivo studies demonstrated that the administration of MI-3454 significantly enhanced fetal vessel development and increased the thickness of the syncytial layer, thereby supporting fetoplacental growth. CONCLUSIONS: These results revealed a novel epigenetic mechanism underlying the progression of syncytialization with MLL1, and suggest potential avenues for identifying new therapeutic targets for pregnancy-related disorders.
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N-Metiltransferasa de Histona-Lisina , Proteína de la Leucemia Mieloide-Linfoide , Placenta , Preeclampsia , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Embarazo , Epigénesis Genética , Placenta/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción de Dominio TEA , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , N-Metiltransferasa de Histona-Lisina/genética , N-Metiltransferasa de Histona-Lisina/metabolismo , Proteína de la Leucemia Mieloide-Linfoide/genética , Proteína de la Leucemia Mieloide-Linfoide/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ciprofol is a novel intravenous sedative and anesthetic. Studies have shown that it features a rapid onset of action, a fast recovery time, slight inhibition of respiratory and cardiovascular functions, and a low incidence of adverse reactions. This study aims to explore the median effective dose (ED50) and the 95% effective dose (ED95) of ciprofol in inhibiting responses to gastroscope insertion when combined with a low dose of alfentanil, and to evaluate its safety, to provide a reference for the rational use of ciprofol in clinical practices. METHODS: We included 25 patients aged 18-64 years of either sex who underwent gastroscopy under intravenous general anesthesia, with a Body Mass Index (BMI) 18-28 kg/m2, and an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I or II. In this study, the dose-finding strategy of ciprofol followed a modified Dixon's up-and-down method with an initial dose of 0.30 mg/kg and an increment of 0.02 mg/kg. Ciprofol was administered after intravenous injection of 7 µg/kg of alfentanil, and 2 min later a gastroscope was inserted. When the insertion response of one participant was positive (including body movement, coughing, and eye opening), an escalation of 0.02 mg/kg would be given to the next participant; otherwise, a de-escalation of 0.02 mg/kg would be administered. The study was terminated when negative response and positive response alternated 8 times. A Probit model was used to calculate the ED50 and ED95 of ciprofol in inhibiting responses to gastroscope insertion when combined with alfentanil. Patients' recovery time, discharge time, vital signs and occurrence of adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS: The ED50 of single-dose intravenous ciprofol injection with 7 µg/kg of alfentanil in inhibiting gastroscope insertion responses was 0.217 mg/kg, and the ED95 was 0.247 mg/kg. Patients' recovery time and discharge time were 11.04 ± 1.49 min and 9.64 ± 2.38 min, respectively. The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 12%. CONCLUSION: The ED50 of ciprofol combined with 7 µg/kg of alfentanil in inhibiting gastroscope insertion responses was 0.217 mg/kg, and the ED95 was 0.247 mg/kg. Ciprofol showed a low incidence of anesthesia-related adverse events. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2200061727).
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Alfentanilo , Propofol , Humanos , Gastroscopios , Estudios Prospectivos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes , Anestesia IntravenosaRESUMEN
Follicle selection in hens refers to a biological process that only one small yellow follicle (SYF) is selected daily or near-daily for following hierarchical development (from F5/F6 to F1) until ovulation. MFN2 is a kind of GTPases located on the mitochondrial outer membrane, which plays a crucial role in mitochondrial fusion. This study aimed to elucidate the role of MFN2 in proliferation and progesterone biosynthesis of granulosa cells (GCs) during follicle selection in hens. The results showed that GCs began to produce progesterone (P4) after follicle selection, accompanied with changes from multi-layer with flat cells to single layer with cubic cells. MFN2 was detected in GCs of follicles from SYF to F1. After follicle selection, the expression level of MFN2 in GCs upregulated significantly, accompanied with increases in P4 biosynthesis, ATP production, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers of granulosa cells. FSH (80 ng/mL) facilitated the effects of P4 biosynthesis and secretion, ATP production, mtDNA copy numbers, cell proliferation and the MFN2 transcription of granulosa cells from F5 (F5G) in vitro. However, FSH treatment did not promote P4 secretion in granulosa cells from SYF (SYFG) in vitro. Meanwhile, we observed that change fold of MFN2 transcription, ATP production, mtDNA copy numbers and cell proliferation rate in F5G after treatment with FSH were greater than those in SYFG. Furthermore, expression levels of MFN2 protein and messenger RNA in F5G were significantly higher than those in SYFG after treatment with FSH. P4 biosynthesis, ATP production, mtDNA copy numbers as well as cell proliferation reduced significantly in F5G with MFN2 knockdown. Oppositely, P4 biosynthesis, ATP production, mtDNA copy numbers and cell proliferation increased significantly in SYFG after the overexpression of MFN2. Our results suggest that the upregulation of MFN2 may be involved in the initiation of P4 biosynthesis, and promotion of GCs proliferation during follicle selection.
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Hormona Luteinizante , Progesterona , Femenino , Animales , Progesterona/metabolismo , Pollos/genética , Células de la Granulosa/metabolismo , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/farmacología , ADN Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismoRESUMEN
H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is primarily a bird virus, which is widespread in clinical avian disease, and reported in cases of human infection. As one of the surface proteins of AIV, the neuraminidase (NA) protein plays an important role mainly in viral budding. However, vaccine development and detection methods for NA of H9N2 AIVs are in urgent clinical need. In this study, a truncated NA gene (205-900â bp) was cloned from the NA sequence of H9N2 strain, and then expressed using pET-28a (+) vector. This purified recombinant NA protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice, and the monoclonal antibodies were screened through the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Next, eight prokaryotic expression vectors were constructed for epitope identification. After cell fusion, three hybridoma cell lines producing the antibodies special to NA protein were screened by ELISA, western blotting, and indirect immunofluorescence; these were named 1B10, 2B6, and 5B2, respectively. Epitope scanning techniques were used to identify three B-cell epitopes recognized by these three monoclonal antibodies, 196KNATASIIYDGMLVD210, 210DSIGSWSKNIL220 and 221RTQESECVCI230. The subsequent homology analysis revealed the three epitopes were highly conserved in H9N2 AIV strains. The structural predictions of the antigenic epitopes indicated that all three epitopes were located in the catalytic region of NA. These results provide a basis for studying the function of the NA protein of H9N2 AIV and technical support for the development of a universal detection method based on anti-NA monoclonal antibodies.
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Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Aviar , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Epítopos de Linfocito B , Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Neuraminidasa/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/genéticaRESUMEN
The infection and replication of avian influenza virus (AIV) in host cells is a complex biological process that involves the transport of viral genes through the host cell's transport systems. Actin, microtubules and vimentin are known to facilitate transport of endosomes to the perinuclear region, but the biological role of Keratin, another intermediate filament, in viral transport during AIV replication is not well understood. In this study, the viral NS2 protein was used as the target protein to identify the potential interacting proteins following GST-Pulldown method and protein mass spectrometry. It was discovered that Keratin10 interacted with NS2. Subsequently, it was found AIV infection did not affect the gene level or protein level of keratin10 in HeLa cells, but when Keratin10 was knocked down, the expressions of viral NP mRNA and protein were reduced, and the generation of offspring virus also was also decreased. Furthermore, in early viral infection, Keratin10 could aggregate and co-localize with NP proteins, suggesting that Keratin10 might be connected to early viral transport. Additionally, it was demonstrated that Keratin10 co-localized with Lamp1 and that AIV particles were trapped in late endosomes/Lysosomes after Keratin10 was knocked down. Finally, it was discovered that the knocking down Keratin10 in HeLa cells led to an increase in the acidic pH of endosomes and lysosomes, which prevented AIV from undergoing fusion and uncoating, and then inhibited the process of the viral infection. Overall, the results suggested that Keratin10 might play the critical role in the release of vRNPs from LEs/Ls and can affect the generation of offspring virus. The study provides the novel insights into the role of Keratin10 in the process of AIV infection and transmission, which may have implications for developing new strategies to against AIV infections.
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Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Aviar , Animales , Humanos , Pollos , Endosomas , Genoma Viral , Células HeLa , Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Replicación ViralRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare cognitive function and social functioning in male schizophrenia patients with deficit syndrome (DS) and non-DS, and to explore the associations among two different dimensions of negative symptoms (motivation and pleasure (MAP) and expressivity (EXP) deficits), cognitive function and social functioning base on a Structural Equation Model (SEM). METHODS: The current study enrolled 161 male schizophrenia patients and 120 age- and education- matched healthy controls. The DS and non-DS group were categorized by the Chinese version of Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome (SDS). The psychotic and negative symptoms were evaluated by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS). The Social functioning was measured by Scale of Social function in Psychosis Inpatients (SSPI). A battery of classical neurocognitive tests was used for assessing cognition including sustained vigilance/attention, cognitive flexibility, ideation fluency and visuospatial memory. RESULTS: Our study indicated that DS patients performed worser in cognitive function and social functioning than non-DS patients. The SEM model demonstrated that MAP significantly affected social functioning through direct influence and mediation of cognitive function. However, our results found that EXP had little influence on cognitive function and social function. CONCLUSION: Our findings provided evidence supporting that DS may represent as a subtype of schizophrenia, and the MAP factor play a pivotal role to influence the cognitive and social functioning in schizophrenia patients.
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Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Masculino , Interacción Social , Motivación , Placer , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Cognición , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Escalas de Valoración PsiquiátricaRESUMEN
MAIN CONCLUSION: This review summarizes the anti-stress effects of flavonoids in plants and highlights its role in the regulation of polar auxin transport and free radical scavenging mechanism. As secondary metabolites widely present in plants, flavonoids play a vital function in plant growth, but also in resistance to stresses. This review introduces the classification, structure and synthetic pathways of flavonoids. The effects of flavonoids in plant stress resistance were enumerated, and the mechanism of flavonoids in plant stress resistance was discussed in detail. It is clarified that plants under stress accumulate flavonoids by regulating the expression of flavonoid synthase genes. It was also determined that the synthesized flavonoids are transported in plants through three pathways: membrane transport proteins, vesicles, and bound to glutathione S-transferase (GST). At the same time, the paper explores that flavonoids regulate polar auxin transport (PAT) by acting on the auxin export carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) in the form of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B/P-glycoprotein (ABCB/PGP) transporter, which can help plants to respond in a more dominant form to stress. We have demonstrated that the number and location of hydroxyl groups in the structure of flavonoids can determine their free radical scavenging ability and also elucidated the mechanism by which flavonoids exert free radical removal in cells. We also identified flavonoids as signaling molecules to promote rhizobial nodulation and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance plant-microbial symbiosis in defense to stresses. Given all this knowledge, we can foresee that the in-depth study of flavonoids will be an essential way to reveal plant tolerance and enhance plant stress resistance.
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Flavonoides , Plantas , Estrés Fisiológico , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Micorrizas , Plantas/metabolismo , SimbiosisRESUMEN
In this study, the effects of naringin on hepatic yolk precursors formation and antioxidant capacity of Three-Yellow breeder hens during late laying period were evaluated. A total of 480 (54-wk-old) Three-Yellow breeder hens were randomly assigned to 4 groups (6 replicates of 20 hens): nonsupplemented control diet (C), and control diet supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% of naringin (N1, N2, and N3), respectively. Results showed that dietary supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% of naringin for 8 wk promoted the cell proliferation and attenuated the excessive fat accumulation in the liver. Compared with C group, increased concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and decreased contents of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected in liver, serum and ovarian tissues (P < 0.05). After 8 wk of feeding with naringin (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%), serum estrogen (E2) level, expression levels of proteins and genes of estrogen receptors (ERs) increased significantly (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, naringin treatment regulated expression of genes related to yolk precursors formation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary naringin addition increased the antioxidants, decreased the oxidation products, and up-regulated transcription levels of antioxidant genes in liver tissues (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary supplemented with naringin could improve hepatic yolk precursors formation and hepatic antioxidant capacity of Three-Yellow breeder hens during the late laying period. Doses of 0.2% and 0.4% are more effective than dose of 0.1%.
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Antioxidantes , Pollos , Animales , Femenino , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Pollos/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Dieta/veterinaria , Hígado/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas LDL , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Yema de HuevoRESUMEN
Dysregulated trophoblast proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis may cause several pregnancy-associated complications, such as unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Recent studies have shown that metabolic abnormalities, including glycolysis inhibition, may dysregulate trophoblast function, leading to URSA. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we found that lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a key enzyme in glycolysis, was significantly reduced in the placental villus of URSA patients. The human trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo was used to investigate the possible LDHA-mediated regulation of trophoblast function. LDHA knockdown in HTR-8/SVneo cells induced G0/G1 phase arrest and increased apoptosis, whereas LDHA overexpression reversed these effects. Next, RNA sequencing combined with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is potentially affected by downstream genes of LDHA. Especially, we found that LDHA knockdown decreased the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, and FOXO1, resulting in a significant downregulation of CyclinD1. In addition, treatment with an AKT inhibitor or FOXO1 inhibitor also verified that the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway influenced the gene expression of CyclinD1 in trophoblast. Moreover, p-AKT expression correlated positively with LDHA expression in syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts in first-trimester villus. Collectively, this study revealed a new regulatory pathway for LDHA/PI3K/AKT/FOXO1/CyclinD1 in the trophoblast cell cycle and proliferation.
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Aborto Habitual , Trofoblastos , Embarazo , Humanos , Femenino , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Placenta/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Aborto Habitual/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular , Movimiento Celular , Proteína Forkhead Box O1/genética , Proteína Forkhead Box O1/metabolismoRESUMEN
The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) has been reported to infect not only birds, but also humans. The hemagglutinin (HA) protein is the main surface antigen of AIV and plays an important role in the viral infection. For treatment strategies and vaccine development, HA protein has been an important target for the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza A virus. To investigate the vital target determinant cluster in HA protein in this work, HA gene was cloned and expressed in the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a. The spleen lymphocytes from BALC/c mice immunized with the purified recombinant HA protein were fused with SP2/0 cells. After Hypoxanthine-Aminopterin-Thymidine (HAT) medium screening and indirect ELISA detection, six hybridoma cell lines producing anti-HA monoclonal antibodies were screened. The gradually truncated HA gene expression and western blotting were used to identify their major locations in epitopes specific to these monoclonal antibodies. It was found that the epitopes were located in three areas: 112NVENLEEL119, 117EELRSLFS124, and 170PIQDAQ175. Epitope 112NVENLEEL119 has a partial amino acid crossover with 117EELRSLFS124, which is located in the vestigial esterase domain "110-helix" of HA, and the monoclonal antibody recognizing these epitopes showed the neutralizing activity, suggesting that the region 112NVENLEELRSLFS124 might be a novel neutralizing epitope. The results of the homology analysis showed that these three epitopes were generally conserved in H9N2 subtype AIV, and will provide valuable insights into H9N2 vaccine design and improvement, as well as antibody-based therapies for treatment of H9N2 AIV infection.
Asunto(s)
Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Aviar , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Epítopos , Subtipo H9N2 del Virus de la Influenza A/genética , Hemaglutininas , Esterasas , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Glicoproteínas Hemaglutininas del Virus de la Influenza/genética , Anticuerpos Antivirales , PollosRESUMEN
Alexithymia and emotion regulation are closely related to internet addiction. However, no research has examined how the different components of alexithymia are associated with cognitive emotion regulation in the context of multi-strategy use in internet addiction. The current study aimed to investigate the relation between alexithymia and cognitive emotion regulation in individuals with internet addiction via network analysis. Participants included 560 students with Young's Internet Addiction Test scores greater than 50 points; they were also asked to complete the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The results revealed two bridge nodes emerging within the combined alexithymia and cognitive emotion regulation network model: "catastrophizing" and "externally oriented thoughts." These findings indicate a more specific relation between alexithymia and cognitive emotion regulation and provide empirical evidence for targeted prevention and targeted interventions for internet addiction.
RESUMEN
Nanoplastics (NPs), the emerging contaminants in recent years, widely distributed in the environment and are bioaccumulated and biomagnified in organisms through food chain. A growing number of studies have detected plastic particulates in human placenta and blood. However, few studies have focused on their effects during human pregnancy. Herein, human trophoblast HTR-8/Svneo cells were used to evaluate the effects and the possible mechanism of 100-nm polystyrene NPs on placental trophoblasts at the maternal-fetal interface. The results showed that NPs entered the trophoblastic cytoplasm, decreased cell viability, caused cell cycle arrest, reduced the cell migration and invasion abilities, increased level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, global transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on HTR-8/Svneo cells with or without 100 µg/mL PS-NP exposure for 24 h. A total of 344 differentially expressed genes were detected. The gene functions for regulation of leukocyte differentiation, response to stimulus, cell cycle, apoptotic process, and cell adhesion were enriched. Thyroid hormone, Hippo, TGF-ß and FoxO signaling pathways were activated. Collectively, our data provided evidences for the adverse consequences of NPs on the biological functions of trophoblasts, which provided new insights into the potential trophoblast toxicity of NPs in mammals.