RESUMEN
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs), which were purified from the medicinal herb G. lucidum followed by ethanol precipitation, protein depletion using the Sevage assay, purification using DEAEcellulose (DE-52), dialysis and the use of ultrafiltration membranes, are used as an ingredient in traditional anticancer treatments in China. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the anticancer effects and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of GLPs on LoVo human colon cancer cells. The results demonstrated that the GLPmediated anticancer effect in LoVo cells was characterized by cytotoxicity, migration inhibition, enhanced DNA fragmentation, morphological alterations and increased lactate dehydrogenase release. Furthermore, the activation of caspases3, 8 and 9 was involved in GLPstimulated apoptosis. Additionally, treatment with GLPs promoted the expression of Fas and caspase3 proteins, whilst reducing the expression of cleaved poly(ADPribose) polymerase. These data indicate that GLPs demonstrate potential antitumor activity in human colon cancer cells, predominantly through the inhibition of migration and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, activation of the Fas/caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway is involved in the cytotoxicity of GLPs.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Reishi/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Caspasa 8/metabolismo , Caspasa 9/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Poli(ADP-Ribosa) Polimerasas/metabolismo , Polisacáridos/químicaRESUMEN
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) extracted from Ganoderma lucidum have been shown to induce cell death in some kinds of cancer cells. This study investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of GLP on HCT-116 human colon cancer cells and the molecular mechanisms involved. Cell proliferation, cell migration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and intracellular free calcium levels ([Ca(2+)]i) were determined by MTT, wound-healing, LDH release and fluorescence assays, respectively. Cell apoptosis was observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. For the mechanism studies, caspase-8 activation, and Fas and caspase-3 expression were evaluated. Treatment of HCT-116 cells with various concentrations of GLP (0.625-5 mg/mL) resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability (P< 0.01). This study showed that the antitumor activity of GLP was related to cell migration inhibition, cell morphology changes, intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and LDH release. Also, increase in the levels of caspase-8 activity was involved in GLP-induced apoptosis. Western blotting indicated that Fas and caspase-3 protein expression was up-regulated after exposure to GLP. This investigation demonstrated for the first time that GLP shows prominent anticancer activities against the HCT-116 human colon cancer cell line through triggering intracellular calcium release and the death receptor pathway.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteína de Dominio de Muerte Asociada a Fas/metabolismo , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/farmacología , Calcio/análisis , Caspasa 8/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/efectos adversos , Células HCT116 , Humanos , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/biosíntesis , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Reishi , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
A central composite design was used to study the effect of glycerol, rate of stirring, air aeration and pH on the synthesis of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) by Klebsiella pneumoniae AC 15. Among the four variables, glycerol and rate of stirring significantly affected 1,3-PD productivity, whereas air aeration and pH were not effective. A quadratic polynomial equation was obtained for 1,3-PD productivity by multiple regression analysis using response surface methodology. The validation experimental confirmed with the predicted model. The optimum combinations for 1,3-PD productivity was glycerol, rate of stirring, air aeration, and pH of 50 g/l, 318 rpm, 0.6 vvm, 6.48, respectively. The subsequent fed batch experiments produced 1,3-PD of 70 g/l at a fermentation of 30 h.