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Bacillus atrophaeus HAB-5 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) that exhibits several biotechnological traits, such as enhancing plant growth, colonizing the rhizosphere, and engaging in biocontrol activities. In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of B. atrophaeus HAB-5 using the single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing platform by Pacific Biosciences (PacBio; United States), which has a circular chromosome with a total length of 4,083,597 bp and a G + C content of 44.21%. The comparative genomic analysis of B. atrophaeus HAB-5 with other strains, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM7, B. atrophaeus SRCM101359, Bacillus velezensis FZB42, B. velezensis HAB-2, and Bacillus subtilis 168, revealed that these strains share 2,465 CDSs, while 599 CDSs are exclusive to the B. atrophaeus HAB-5 strain. Many gene clusters in the B. atrophaeus HAB-5 genome are associated with the production of antimicrobial lipopeptides and polypeptides. These gene clusters comprise distinct enzymes that encode three NRPs, two Transat-Pks, one terpene, one lanthipeptide, one T3PKS, one Ripp, and one thiopeptide. In addition to the likely IAA-producing genes (trpA, trpB, trpC, trpD, trpE, trpS, ywkB, miaA, and nadE), there are probable genes that produce volatile chemicals (acoA, acoB, acoR, acuB, and acuC). Moreover, HAB-5 contained genes linked to iron transportation (fbpA, fetB, feuC, feuB, feuA, and fecD), sulfur metabolism (cysC, sat, cysK, cysS, and sulP), phosphorus solubilization (ispH, pstA, pstC, pstS, pstB, gltP, and phoH), and nitrogen fixation (nif3-like, gltP, gltX, glnR, glnA, nadR, nirB, nirD, nasD, narl, narH, narJ, and nark). In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive genomic analysis of B. atrophaeus HAB-5, pinpointing the genes and genomic regions linked to the antimicrobial properties of the strain. These findings advance our knowledge of the genetic basis of the antimicrobial properties of B. atrophaeus and imply that HAB-5 may employ a variety of commercial biopesticides and biofertilizers as a substitute strategy to increase agricultural output and manage a variety of plant diseases.
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PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of various treatment approaches in stage T4b esophageal cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results databases, covering patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer between 2000 and 2020. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) across different treatment patterns. RESULTS: The study included 482 patients: 222 (46.1%) received chemoradiotherapy, 58 (12.0%) underwent radiotherapy alone, 37 (7.7%) received chemotherapy alone, 50 (10.4%) underwent surgery, and 115 (23.8%) received no treatment. Median CSS were 12, 4, 6, 18, and 1 month for chemoradiotherapy, radiotherapy alone, chemotherapy alone, surgery, and non-treatment groups. Median OS for these groups were 11, 3, 6, 17, and 1 month, respectively. Multivariable proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that patients who underwent surgery experienced significantly improved CSS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.72; P = 0.002) and OS (HR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.28-0.74; P = 0.002) compared to those receiving chemoradiotherapy after propensity score matching. CONCLUSIONS: Esophagectomy, with or without radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, results in better survival outcomes than chemoradiotherapy in patients with stage T4b esophageal cancer.
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Neoplasias Esofágicas , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano , Quimioradioterapia , Programa de VERF , Esofagectomía , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The surface functional groups of hydrochar are crucial to its surface properties, and their contents are strongly positively correlated with the adsorption performance. In this study, acrylate-functionalized hydrochar (AHC) with varying contents of O-containing functional groups (OFGs) was synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of bamboo, acrylic acid and an initiator, and then deprotonated with NaOH. The AHCs were analyzed by various characterization techniques. During HTC, the higher amount of acrylic acid added led to higher carbon, oxygen and carboxyl contents, and to the larger specific surface area and pore volume of AHC. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamic, ionic strength and pH effects of Pb(II) on AHC were studied. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics obeyed Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively, indicating adsorption is monolayer chemical process. The adsorptive ability was well linearly related to the OFG contents of AHC. When acrylic acid was added to 25 mL during HTC, the adsorbing ability of AHC over Pb(II) reached 193.90 mg g-1. Hence, direct HTC of acrylic acid, biomass and an initiator can prepare hydrochar with controllable OFG contents, which is a prospective adsorbent for treating metal cations.
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Acrilatos , Plomo , Oxígeno , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Adsorción , Acrilatos/química , Plomo/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Cinética , Oxígeno/química , Carbón Orgánico/química , Termodinámica , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoRESUMEN
To assess adjuvant treatment patterns on survival in patients with pT3N0M0 esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Stage pT3N0M0 esophageal cancer patients were assessed between 2000 and 2020 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results databases. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare overall survival (OS) among various treatment patterns. We identified 445 patients: 252 (56.6%) received surgery alone, 85 (19.1%) received surgery+chemoradiotherapy, 80 (18.0%) underwent surgery+chemotherapy, and 28 (6.3%) received surgery+ radiotherapy. For squamous cell carcinoma, surgery+chemoradiotherapy ([hazard ratio] HR = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65-1.66; P = 0.873), surgery+chemotherapy (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.42-1.22; P = 0.221), and surgery+radiotherapy (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.74-2.39; P = 0.341) had similar OS compared to surgery alone. For adenocarcinoma, surgery+chemoradiotherapy (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36-0.74; P < 0.001) and surgery+chemotherapy (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42-0.87; P = 0.006) had better OS compared to surgery alone. However, surgery+radiotherapy had a comparable OS (HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.44-1.49; P = 0.495).Adjuvant treatments did not improve survival in stage pT3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. In contrast, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy were recommended for esophageal adenocarcinoma patients.
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Quimioradioterapia Adyuvante , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Esofagectomía , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Programa de VERF , Humanos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esofagectomía/métodos , Esofagectomía/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Quimioradioterapia Adyuvante/estadística & datos numéricos , Quimioterapia Adyuvante/estadística & datos numéricos , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Radioterapia Adyuvante/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/cirugía , Tasa de SupervivenciaAsunto(s)
Adipoquinas , Proteína 1 Similar a Quitinasa-3 , Placa Aterosclerótica , Humanos , Placa Aterosclerótica/metabolismo , Placa Aterosclerótica/patología , Proteína 1 Similar a Quitinasa-3/metabolismo , Adipoquinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Lectinas/metabolismo , Animales , RatonesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dynamical compensation (DC) provides robustness to parameter fluctuations. As an example, DC enables control of the functional mass of endocrine or neuronal tissue essential for controlling blood glucose by insulin through a nonlinear feedback loop. Researchers have shown that DC is related to the structural unidentifiability and the P -invariance property. The P -invariance property is a sufficient and necessary condition for the DC property. DC has been seen in systems with at least three dimensions. In this article, we discuss DC and P -invariance from an adaptive control perspective. An adaptive controller automatically adjusts its parameters to optimise performance, maintain stability, and deal with uncertainties in a system. RESULTS: We initiate our analysis by introducing a simplified two-dimensional dynamical model with DC, fostering experimentation and understanding of the system's behavior. We explore the system's behavior with time-varying input and disturbance signals, with a focus on illustrating the system's P -invariance properties in phase portraits and step-like response graphs. CONCLUSIONS: We show that DC can be seen as a case of ideal adaptive control since the system is invariant to the compensated parameter.
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Insulina , Proyectos de Investigación , Investigación Empírica , IncertidumbreRESUMEN
Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) versus CCRT alone in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received either CCRT alone or CCRT combined with ICIs from April 2019 to February 2023. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 101 patients were enrolled, with 58 undergoing CCRT alone and 43 receiving CCRT+ICI. The CCRT+ICI group demonstrated a higher complete response rate compared to the CCRT alone group (11.6% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.037). However, no significant difference was observed in 1-year PFS (58.9% vs. 55.2%; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70-2.26; P = 0.445) or 1-year OS (70.8% vs. 75.9%; HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.58-2.53; P = 0.613) between CCRT+ICI and CCRT alone groups. The CCRT alone group experienced a higher incidence of leukopenia of any grade (93.1% vs. 76.7%, P = 0.039) but a lower incidence of pneumonitis of any grade (36.2% vs. 65.1%, P = 0.008). Conclusion: CCRT+ICI may not lead to improved survival outcomes compared to CCRT alone in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. These findings indicate the need for further investigation into this treatment approach.
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Neoplasias Esofágicas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Esófago/patología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Quimioradioterapia/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Background: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk patients with stage pIIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Data from NSCLC patients within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were analyzed. The study examined the association between lymph node ratio (LNR) and both cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) using restricted cubic spline curves. Patients were categorized into high- and low-risk groups based on established LNR cut-off values, and survival outcomes were compared between those receiving postoperative radiotherapy and those who did not within the high-risk group. Results: The study included 1,690 patients. An LNR threshold of 0.29 was identified for both CSS and OS. Patients with an LNR ≥ 0.29 demonstrated significantly worse CSS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37 - 1.78; P < 0.001) and OS (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28 - 1.62; P < 0.001) compared to those with an LNR < 0.29. In the high-risk group (LNR ≥ 0.29), postoperative radiotherapy did not significantly affect CSS (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.82 - 1.17; P = 0.809) or OS (HR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.81 - 1.11; P = 0.533). Conclusions: LNR is a significant prognostic factor in patients with stage pIIIA-N2 NSCLC post complete resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. A higher LNR (≥ 0.29) is associated with poorer CSS and OS. However, postoperative radiotherapy does not confer survival benefits in these high-risk patients. Our findings suggest that postoperative radiotherapy should not be routinely performed in this subgroup. Further research is required to explore effective treatment strategies for these patients.
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Retraction of 'An MSN-PEG-IP drug delivery system and IL13Rα2 as targeted therapy for glioma' by Jinlong Shi et al., Nanoscale, 2017, 9, 8970-8981, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR08786H.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the treatment patterns and survival outcomes in patients with unresectable Stage III EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with unresectable Stage III EGFR-mutated NSCLC spanning from 2012 to 2022. Treatment patterns were outlined, and survival comparisons between different treatment groups were performed using Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were included: 62.5% received TKI alone, 26.1% received TKI+chemotherapy, 4.5% received radiotherapy, 4.5% participated in clinical trials, and 2.4% received TKI+antiangiogenic drugs. Prior to propensity score matching, TKI+chemotherapy and TKI alone groups demonstrated similar progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-2.80; P = 0.134), overall survival (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.59-2.13; P = 0.733), and locoregional-free survival (HR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.75-2.81; P = 0.267). However, TKI+chemotherapy showed reduced distant metastasis-free survival compared to TKI alone (HR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.11-5.18; P = 0.022). After propensity score matching, no significant differences were observed in progression-free survival (P = 0.435), overall survival (P = 0.205), locoregional-free survival (P = 0.706), and distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.171) between the TKI+chemotherapy and TKI alone groups. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of chemotherapy to TKI did not enhance survival outcomes compared to TKI monotherapy in patients with unresectable Stage III EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Estudios Retrospectivos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico , Receptores ErbB/genética , Mutación , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Background: The aim of the study was to delineate the treatment modalities and survival outcomes in patients with stage T1-2N0M0 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who underwent surgery. Methods: SCLC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results databases between 2000 and 2020 were investigated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to assess cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) across diverse therapeutic strategies. Results: The study included 190 patients. Treatment modalities included surgery alone in 65 patients (34.2%), surgery + chemotherapy in 70 patients (36.8%), surgery + radiotherapy in three patients (1.6%), and surgery + chemoradiotherapy in 52 patients (27.4%). The median CSS remained undetermined for the surgery alone group, whereas it was 123 and 113 months for the surgery + chemotherapy and surgery + chemoradiotherapy groups. Median OS was 47, 84, and 50 months for these groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that patients receiving surgery + chemotherapy exhibited a significantly enhanced OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38 - 0.94; P = 0.028) compared to those undergoing surgery alone. However, the integration of radiotherapy did not improve OS compared to surgery alone (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.44 - 1.15; P = 0.170). Conclusion: Adjuvant chemotherapy improved OS compared to surgery alone. However, the addition of radiotherapy did not prolong OS.
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The adsorption behaviors of biochar are largely impacted by biomassfeedstock. In this study, two biochars were prepared from torrefaction of ammonium persulfate- and potassium persulfate-pretreated bamboo and then activated by cold alkali, which are named as ASBC and KSBC, respectively. The two biochars were characterized by different instruments, and their adsorption properties over cationic methylene blue (MB) were compared. The type of persulfates little affected the specific surface areas, but significantly impacted O (29.54 % vs. 35.113 %) and N (12.13 % vs. 3.74 %) contents, functional groups, and zeta potentials of biochars. MB adsorption onto ASBC/KSBC is a single-layer chemical endothermic process and ASBC/KSBC exhibit high adsorption capacity over MB (475/881 mg·g-1) at 303 K. Obviously, the sorption capacity of MB onto KSBC much surpasses that of MB onto ASBC. These results indicate biomass pre-treatment is a cheap and convenient method to prepare biochars with unique physicochemical and adsorptive properties.
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Carbón Orgánico , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Adsorción , Carbón Orgánico/química , Álcalis , Azul de Metileno/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/químicaRESUMEN
Objective To explore the application effect of the Mini-CEX evaluation model based on the OBE concept in the clinical Practice teaching of neurology.Methods We Selected 100 students who will Practice in the Department of Neurology from 2022 to 2023 as the research objects,and divided them into the experimental group(n=50)and the control group(n=50).Under the guidance of the OBE concept,the experimental group was guided by learning outcomes,refined the teaching objectives,and applied the Mini-CEX evaluation mode for evaluation and feedback.In contrast,the control group adopted the traditional teaching mode.Combined with the observation data,we analyzed and compared the data of various indicators of the two groups of students at the beginning and end of the internship.Results At the end of the internship,the scores of clinical consultation,Physical examination,humanistic medicine,clinical diagnosis,health consultation,organizational effect,and overall evaluation of the experimental group were significantly improved and were higher than those of the control group.After the Practice,in terms of skill test scores,the experimental group scored higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the experimental group also scored higher in satisfaction evaluation than the control group.Conclusion The Mini-CEX evaluation teaching model based on the concept of OBE is applied to the clinical practice teaching of the neurology department,which can enhance the training effect of students'clinical practice skills.
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BACKGROUND This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effects of preservation of the donor liver gastroduodenal artery on post-transplant biliary complications in 187 liver transplant recipients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The clinical data of 187 liver transplantation recipients were retrospectively analyzed. Recipients were divided into conventional and modified groups. The technical point of the modified group is to preserve at least 2 cm of the distal gastroduodenal artery, and pay special attention to preserve the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery to ensure the distal blood supply to the common bile duct. RESULTS The modified group had significantly shorter operative time (7.17 vs 7.98) h (P<0.001) and less intraoperative blood loss (2715.40 vs 3434.93) ml (P=0.003) than the conventional group. The incidence of postoperative biliary complications (including anastomotic biliary leakage, ischemic bile duct stenosis, and anastomotic bile duct stenosis) in the modified group (4/114, 4.1%) was significantly lower (15/73, 20.5%) (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the intraoperative cold and warm ischemia time and postoperative hospital stay length between the 2 groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in the effect of cardiac-death and brain-death sources on perioperative biliary complications, while the peak postoperative transaminase and total bilirubin were higher in patients receiving the donor liver of cardiac death (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Preserving the integrity of the donor gastroduodenal artery and surrounding tissue is beneficial to protect the blood supply of the extrahepatic bile duct, and can reduce the incidence of biliary complications.
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Trasplante de Hígado , Humanos , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Hígado/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Constricción Patológica/etiología , Donadores Vivos , Arteria Hepática , Hígado , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the value of gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) combined with an 80 mm wide-body detector in head-neck CTA. METHODS: Ninety patients with head-neck CTA were prospectively selected and randomly divided into a control group and a test group, with 45 patients in each group. The control group was scanned conventionally. With a tube voltage of 100 kVp and detector width of 40 mm, a 70 ml contrast agent was injected at a flow rate of 5.0 ml/s. The test group used GSI. With a tube current fixed of 445 mAs and a detector width of 80 mm, the contrast agent was injected at a flow rate of 3.5 ml/s and 0.6 ml/kg body weight, and the 55 keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) were automatically reconstructed. Finally, the target vessel CT values, background noise (BN), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), subjective scores, contrast agent dose, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol), and dose length product (DLP) were recorded. The DLP was converted to the effective dose (ED). RESULTS: The target vessel CT values, BN, SNR, CNR, and subjective scores of the two groups were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05), and the image quality of both groups was the same and met the diagnostic requirements. The contrast agent dose and effective dose (ED) in the test group were approximately 44% and 26% lower than that of the control group, respectively (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In head-neck CTA examination, the Revolution CT GSI combined with an 80 mm wide-body detector can reduce the contrast agent dose and radiation dose while ensuring image quality.
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Esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Approximately 50% of patients have locally advanced disease. The CROSS and NEOCRTEC5010 trials have demonstrated that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is the standard treatment for patients with resectable disease. However, a pathological complete response is frequently not achieved, and most patients have a poor prognosis. The CheckMate 577 trial demonstrates that nivolumab adjuvant therapy improves disease-free survival in patents without a pathological complete response. However, there are still numerous clinical questions of concern that remain controversial based on the results of the subgroup analysis. In this review, we aim to offer constructive suggestions addressing the clinical concerns raised in the CheckMate 577 trial.
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Neoplasias Esofágicas , Nivolumab , Humanos , Terapia Combinada , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Neoplasias Esofágicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/etiología , Terapia Neoadyuvante/métodos , Nivolumab/uso terapéutico , Ensayos Clínicos como AsuntoRESUMEN
Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based emotion recognition has gradually become a research hotspot. However, the large distribution differences of EEG signals across subjects make the current research stuck in a dilemma. To resolve this problem, in this article, we propose a novel and effective method, Multi-Source Feature Representation and Alignment Network (MS-FRAN). The effectiveness of proposed method mainly comes from three new modules: Wide Feature Extractor (WFE) for feature learning, Random Matching Operation (RMO) for model training, and Top- h ranked domain classifier selection (TOP) for emotion classification. MS-FRAN is not only effective in aligning the distributions of each pair of source and target domains, but also capable of reducing the distributional differences among the multiple source domains. Experimental results on the public benchmark datasets SEED and DEAP have demonstrated the advantage of our method over the related competitive approaches for cross-subject EEG-based emotion recognition.
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Benchmarking , Electroencefalografía , Humanos , EmocionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intellectual property (IP) is a substantial competitive advantage in the health care industry. However, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for open innovation and collaboration for the greater good. Despite this, the industry faces challenges with innovation owing to organizational and departmental barriers. A secure platform is necessary to facilitate IP sharing without compromising the rights of IP owners. OBJECTIVE: This study proposes a blockchain-based framework to secure IP transactions in health care and bring social impact. METHODS: This study reviews existing researches, publications, practical cases, firm and organization websites, and conferences related to blockchain technology, blockchain in health care, blockchain in IP management, IP pledge research, and practice of IP management blockchain. The platform architecture has 7 components: pledgers, advanced research technology (ART), IP pledge platforms, IP databases, health care research, seeking ART, and transaction condition setting. These components work together seamlessly to support the sharing and pledging of ART and knowledge, while ensuring the platform's transparency, security, and trust. RESULTS: The open IP pledge framework can promote technology dissemination and use, reduce research and development costs, foster collaboration, and serve the public interest. Medical organizations' leadership and support and active participation from stakeholders are necessary for success. By leveraging blockchain technology, the platform ensures tamper-proof and transparent transactions and protects the rights of IP owners. In addition, the platform offers incentive mechanisms through pledge tokens that encourage stakeholders to share their ART and contribute to the platform. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the proposed framework can facilitate technological innovation, tackle various challenges, and secure IP transactions. It provides a secure platform for stakeholders to share their IP without compromising their rights, promoting collaboration and progress in the health care industry. The implementation of the framework has the potential to revolutionize the industry's approach to innovation, allowing a more open and collaborative environment driven by the greater good.
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Cadena de Bloques , COVID-19 , Humanos , Bases de Datos Factuales , Propiedad Intelectual , PandemiasRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare survivals between unresectable stage III and stage IV EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving first-line EGFR-TKI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Unresectable stage III and stage IV EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients were investigated from September 2012 to May 2022. Patients received EGFR-TKI as the first-line treatment. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and propensity score matching (PSM) analyses. RESULTS: A total of 558 patients were included: 478 (85.66%) patients were stage IV and 80 (14.34%) patients were stage III. Before PSM, stage III patients showed a better median PFS (15 vs. 13 months; P=0.026) and a similar median OS (29 vs. 30 months; P=0.820) compared to stage IV patients. Stage IV was an independent prognostic factor for PFS [hazard ratio (HR)=1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-2.04; P=0.021], but not for OS (HR=1.11, 95% CI: 0.77-1.60; P=0.560). After PSM, a better median PFS (15 vs. 12 months; P=0.016) and a similar median OS (29 vs. 30 months; P=0.960) were found between stage III and stage IV patients. CONCLUSIONS: OS was similar between unresectable stage III and stage IV EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients receiving EGFR-TKI as the first-line treatment.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Receptores ErbB/genética , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Estadificación de NeoplasiasRESUMEN
The Yellow River Basin is short of water resources. The dynamic monitoring of surface water area is helpful to clarify the distribution and change trend of water resources in this area. It is of great scientific significance to deeply understand the impacts of climate change and human activities on water resources and ensure the ecological security of the basin. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, we analyzed the spatial variations of surface water area in the Yellow River Basin from 1986 to 2021 by using the mixed index algorithm, and revealed the driving factors of surface water area change in the Yellow River Basin. The results showed that the overall recognition accuracy of the water extraction algorithm based on mixing index was 97.5%. Compared with available water data products, the proposed algorithm can guarantee the integrity of the whole water area to a certain extent. The surface water area in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin was 71.7%, 18.4%, and 9.9% of the total surface water area, respectively. From 1986 to 2021, the surface water area of the basin showed an overall upward trend, with a total increase of 3163.6 km2. The surface water area of the upper, middle, and downstream regions increased by 72.0%, 22.4%, and 5.6%, respectively. The increase of precipitation was the main reason for the increase of water area, with a contribution of 55%. Vegetation restoration and construction of water conservancy projects had increased the water area of the basin. The intensification of human water extraction activity reduced the water area of the basin.