RESUMEN
Microalgae are being recognized as the key contributor to sustainability in many sectors, starting from energy up to food industries. The microorganism has also been utilized as environmental remediator, capable of converting organic compounds into economically valuable biomass. To optimize the use of microalgae in these sectors, researchers have explored various approaches, of which is the use of bacteria. The interaction between bacteria and microalgae can potentially be harnessed, but its complexity requires extensive research. Herein, we present the bibliometric analysis on microalgal-bacterial interactions. The metadata of published literature was collected through Scopus database on August 4, 2023. The downloaded.csv file was uploaded to VOSViewer and biblioshiny for network visualization. We found that the research has gained a lot of attention from researchers since 2012 with an exponential increase of the publication number. The United States and China are leading the research with a strong collaboration. Based on the research sub-topic clusters, the interaction is mostly studied for wastewater treatment, biomass production, and algal bloom control. Updated reviews on this topic reveal that researchers are now focus on optimizing the efficacy of microalgae-bacteria system, investigating the modes of actions, and identifying challenges in its real-world implementation. The microalgal-bacterial interaction is a promising approach for microalgae utilization in wastewater treatment, biomass production, and algal bloom control.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is endemic in healthcare settings in Indonesia. AIM: To evaluate the effect of a bundle of preventive measures on the transmission and acquisition of MRSA in a surgical ward of a resource-limited hospital in Indonesia. METHODS: The study consisted of a pre-intervention (7 months), intervention (2 months), and post-intervention phase (5 months) and included screening for MRSA among eligible patients, healthcare workers (HCWs), and the hospital environment. In the intervention phase, a bundle of preventive actions was introduced, comprising: a hand hygiene educational program, cohorting of MRSA-positive patients, decolonization therapy for all MRSA-positive patients and HCWs, and cleaning and disinfection of the ward's innate environment. Hand hygiene compliance was assessed throughout the study period. The primary outcome was the acquisition rate of MRSA among patients per 1,000 patient-days at risk. Clonality of MRSA isolates was determined by Raman spectroscopy and multilocus sequence typing. FINDINGS: In total, 1,120 patients were included. Hand hygiene compliance rate rose from 15% pre-intervention to 65% post-intervention (P<0.001). The MRSA acquisition decreased from 9/1,000 patient-days at risk pre-intervention to 3/1,000 patient-days at risk post-intervention, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.08). Raman type 9 which belonged to ST239 was the single dominant MRSA clone. CONCLUSION: The introduction of a bundle of preventive measures may reduce MRSA transmission and acquisition among surgery patients in a resource-limited hospital in Indonesia, but additional efforts are needed.