The effect of ephedrine and phenylephrine on BIS values during propofol anaesthesia.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ephedrine and phenylephrine on propofol concentrations and bispectral index during propofol anesthesia. METHODS: General anaesthesia was induced with propofol and was maintained with propofol (4 mg kg-1 h-1) and fentanyl. Vecuronium was used to facilitate the artificial ventilation of the lungs. Patients with systolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg were defined as the control group (n = 16). Patients who had to be treated for larger decreases in arterial blood pressure (systolic blood pressure 60, whereas no patient in the control or phenylephrine groups had bispectral index >60. There were no significant differences in propofol concentrations or cardiac output relative to baseline at 3 or 10 min after the administration of ephedrine or phenylephrine. CONCLUSIONS: Ephedrine increases bispectral index values without decreasing propofol concentrations during general anesthesia.

Localization of S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein-related antigen in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands.

Pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands was studied by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and Ouchterlony's double diffusion for the presence of so-called nervous system-specific proteins, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and astroprotein. Positive immunostaining for S-100 protein was observed in tumor cells of epithelial, myxomatous, and chondroid areas. An immunodiffusion test confirmed its presence in the tumor. Normal salivary glands were also stained with anti-S-100 serum, but the reaction was less intense than that of tumor. Specific immunostaining for GFAP and astroprotein was found in a small number of cells of myxomatous and chondroid areas and occasionally in cells in epithelial areas. An immunodiffusion test suggests that the GFAP-related antigen of the pleomorphic adenoma showing a minor heterogeneity of antigenic determinants is almost identical with GFAP. Normal salivary glands did not stain with GFAP or astroprotein antisera, nor did they react with anti-GFAP serum by immunodiffusion. Thus, the S-100 protein and GFAP-related antigen may be actively synthesized in adenoma cells during the course of tumor development. In addition, the GFAP-related antigen is considered to be a tumor-associated antigen of pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands.

Immunohistochemical localization of S-100 protein in granular cell myoblastoma.

The presence and distribution of S-100 protein were studied in three cases of granular cell myoblastoma using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method. Positive immunostaining was observed in all cases. The densely brown reaction products were found both in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm of myoblastoma cells. The staining of the nuclei was more intense than that of the cytoplasm. In addition, both normal Schwann cells and tumor cells of Schwannomas were also stained with anti-S-100 antibody. This result further supports the concept of the neurogenic origin of the granular cell myoblastoma.

Immunohistochemical and immunoelectron microscopic localization of S-100 protein in the interdigitating reticulum cells of the human lymph node.

Lymph nodes of 5 cases with non-specific lymphadenitis and of 4 cases with dermatopathic lymphadenitis were examined by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method and by immunoelectron microscopy using monospecific antibody against nervous system specific S-100 protein. S-100 protein was detected in dendritic shaped cells of the thymus-dependent area of non-specific lymphadenitis. The paracortical area of dermatopathic lymphadenitis showed a marked accumulation of S-100 protein-containing dendritic shaped cells. Immunoelectron micrographs revealed that S-100 protein-containing dendritic shaped cells of both non-specific and dermatopathic lymphadenitis corresponded to interdigitating reticulum cells (IRC). The detection of S-100 protein in the nucleus and on the cytoplasmic and nuclear membrane suggested that IRCs themselves synthesized S-100 protein. S-100 protein is a very useful cell marker for the identification of IRC in the lymphoid tissue.