[Features of the spatial organization of EEG manifestations in different variants of anxiety symptoms in patients with depression].

Investigations were carried out on 36 patients with reactive depressive states and repeating depressive episodes with severe manifestation of anxiety syndrome. The spatial organization of brain activity by cross-correlation analysis was studied. Shown, that clinical depression and anxiety syndrome is reflected in the structure of the spatial organization of EEG depending on options manifestation of anxiety disorder.

[Features of the organization of biopotentials of a cerebral cortex and visceral status at the person at neurotic depression].

Researches are spent on 20 patients with various clinical variants of neurotic depression. The regional organization of bioelectric activity of a brain by a method cross-correlation and coherent analysises was studied. Vegetovisceral status was studied by auricular criotest (measuring of cold sensibility of auricular points). It is shown, that the clinical picture of neurotic depression finds reflectance in frame of regional organization EEG. Regional organization EEG is modified depending on a degree of manifestation of the most neurotic depression and concomitant syndromes of alarm and an asthenia. In bunch with a depressive syndrome without concomitant asthenic and disturbing exhibitings the maximum changes are taped in the right frontotemporal range--left posttemporal ranges. In bunch where along with depression the alarm--depression cross-correlation and coherent communications frontotemporal ranges of both hemispheres was taped, strongly pronounced rising cross-correlation attitudes in right occipital ranges. In bunch where depressive and disturbing syndromes were combined with the expressed asthenic exhibitings, depression cross-correlation and coherent communications in frontotemporal ranges of both hemispheres was observed. The clinic of neurotic infringements finds reflection in a specific picture of variations of the spatial organization of electric activity of a brain and in variations of parameters of the vegetovisceral status. Realization of negative emotional conditions at the person is accompanied by variations visceral functions. Thus variations in the central brain structures cover zones of representation of emotional reactions and the zones connected with cortical representation visceral functions. The minimal central regulation, even insignificant central variations can cause vegetovisceral dysfunctions.

[Characteristics of the EEG spatial organization of the brain neocortex biopotentials in various clinical neurotic depression].

In 20 patients with various clinical variants of neurotic depression, regional organization of the brain bioelectric activity was studied with the aid of cross-correlation, factorial and coherent analyses. Clinical picture of neurotic depression was reflected within the frame of regional organization of the EEG. Regional organization EEG is modified depending on the degree of neurotic depression manifestation and concomitant syndromes of alarm and asthenia. In depressive syndrome without concomitant asthenic and disturbing, the maximum changes are registered in the right fronto-temporal range--left post-temporal areas. In depression and the alarm, depression cross-correlation and coherent communications in fronto-temporal areas of both hemispheres were recorded. In depressive and disturbing syndromes with the asthenic manifestations, depression cross-correlation and coherent communications in fronto-temporal areas of both hemispheres were observed.

Genetic determination of neurophysiological mechanisms of cortical-subcortical integration of bioelectrical brain activity.

The contribution of genetic factors to the formation of the neurophysiological mechanisms of cortical-subcortical integration was studied in 12 pairs of monozygotic and five pairs of dizygotic twins (aged 18-25 years). Intrapair similarity of the nature of spatial interactions between bioelectrical activity in the cerebral cortex, assessed from different combinations of statistical interactions of EEG from 16 monopolar recordings, was assessed in each pair of twins (and among 544 non-related pairs of subjects in both groups). The results suggest a high level of general population invariance and relatively small inherited and phenotypic variability in the morphofunctional systems making up the major neurophysiological mechanisms of brain integration as a whole. The ontogenetic formation of stem and subcortical regulatory structures, which have a leading role in the systems combination of different parts of the brain into a single formation, appears to occur in all individuals by the same principle, as disturbance can apparently affect the fundamental monomorphic features of the species. In turn, we might expect to find large interindividual variability in the establishment of interregional connections of the neocortex, the role of inherited and environmental factors being different in the processes forming long and relatively short intercortical interactions.

[Genetic determination of the neurophysiological mechanisms of the cortico-subcortical integration of bioelectrical activity of the brain]. / Geneticheskaia obuslovlennost' neirofiziologicheskikh mekhanizmov korkovo-podkorkovoi integratsii bioélektricheskoi aktivnosti mozga.

Contribution of genetical factors to neurophysiological mechanisms of cortico-subcortical integration was investigated in 12 pairs of the monozygotic and 5 pairs of dizygotic twins (aged from 18 to 25). In each pair of twins as well as in all 544 unrelated pairs of subjects from both groups, interpairs similarity of the character of the spatial interaction of bioelectrical activity of the neocortex for different combinations of statistical correlations of EEG (from 16 monopolar electrodes) was estimated. The data obtained allow to suggest a higher common population invariance and a relatively small hereditary and phenotypic variability of morphofunctional systems, which underlie neurophysiological mechanisms of the brain integration in general. Apparently, the formation of the brain stem and subcortical regulatory structures in the ontogenesis, the structures that play the main role in the realization of system combination of different parts of the brain into united formation, occurs to all individuals according to a single principle since its disturbance can probably affect the fundamental monomorphal features of the species. In turn, one can expect a great interindividual variability of establishing of the intraregional connections of neocortex, the role of genetic and environmental factors in the formation of short and relatively long interactions being complex.

[Neurophysiological mechanisms of acquisition of fear-resistance habit controlled by biological feedback displayed by skin galvanic response]. / Neirofiziologicheskie mekhanizmy formirovaniia navyka soprotivleniia strakhu pod kontrolem biologicheskoi obratnoi sviazi po kozhno-gal'vanicheskoi reaktsii.

The aim of the study was to reveal a probable structural-functional basis of emotional self-regulation processes within the framework of cortex--basal ganglia interaction using on-line computer analysis of the EEG. The tested subjects were unable to overcome the emotional stress increasing in the process of decision making under conditions of high responsibility for the results of task solving. Striving to hold their social positions these subjects created a stable psychological set to keep their high responsibility and resist the relaxation tendency. Such a set facilitated the acceptance of the task for volitional effort to resist fear controlled by a biofeedback displayed in skin galvanic reaction.

Functional rearrangements in the human brain during emotional self-regulation with biological feedback.

The concept that functional psychopathology producing phobic syndromes is mediated by a specific deficiency in the integrative activity of the brain as a loss or partial limitation of the ability to recognize subjective experiences was used to develop a special method for mobilizing the selective attention of patients to the time course of subjective states. The fact of recognition of a state was demonstrated by the patient's ability to reproduce it by achieving specific parameters in a biological feedback test based on skin electrical responses. Success was positively reinforced by avoidance of an anxiously expected electrical stimulus. After successful training, patients could spontaneously adaptively correct their general daily behavior. Computer analysis of EEG traces revealed the specific structural-functional features of various states provoked during training.

[Functional transformations of the human brain during emotional self-regulation with biofeedback]. / Funktsional'nye preobrazovaniia mozga cheloveka pri émotsional'noi samoreguliatsii s bioobratnoi sviaz'iu.

By means of a special technique, mobilising of a subject's selective attention upon the dynamics of the subjective sphere states, was reached. An involved biofeedback was positively reinforced by avoidance of an expected electric stimulus. The subjects revealed occurrence of an adaptive correction of their general behaviour. The EEG computer analysis manifested a specifics of structural-functional maintenance of different states evoked in the training process.

[Changes in the ultrastructure and protein fractions of the cortex of the motor and visual analyzers during conditioned reflex avoidance reactions]. / Izmeneniia ul'trastruktury i belkovykh fraktsii kory dvigatel'nogo i zritel'nosgo analizatorov pri uslovnoreflektornoì reaktsii izbeganiia.

In avoidance conditioning, rats developed changes in the range of electrophoretic proteins as well as subcellular reconstructions in neurons and synapses which enabled them to fulfill specific functions on the basis of genetically fixed biochemical processes and ultrastructures. This corroborates ideas of information storage in the c. n. s. on the basis of formation of certain neuronal ensembles by means of changes in neurons' synapses facilitating the conduction.

[Varations between strains in the concentration of RNA in the cerebral cortex of rats differing in their capacity for learning]. / Lineinye razlichiia v kontsentratsii rnk v kore bol'shikh polusharii golovnogo mozga krys, razlichaiushchikhsia po sposobnosti k obucheniiu.

Concentration of RNA in the brain cortex was investigated in two strains the rats Wistar and Krushinsky--Molodkina. It is found that K--M rats, which have higher speed of learning possess higher concentration RNA in the cortex brain than rats of Wistar strain. Conditional reflectory training of rats induced increase of RNA concentration in the brain cortex experimental rats when it is compared with control groups of rats. It is suggested that there is not only an ontogenetic, but also a genetic correlation between the level of RNA the brain cortex and a capability the rats to the learning.

[Effect of conditioned reflex defense training on the level of cholinesterase activity and weight of the rat brain]. / Vliianie uslovnoreflektornoi oboronitel'noi trenirovki na uroven' aktivnosti khlinésteraz i ves golovnogo mozga krys

Influence of conditioned electro-defensive training of different duration and intensity on the weight and biochemical characteristics (activity of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) of different parts of the brain was studied in rats of various genetic lines. It has been shown that the minimal duration of training leading to changes in the investigated characteristics in the experimental rats as compared with the controls, amounted to 30 days. Positive correlation has been found between the capacity for learning, the weight of the cortex and the activity of its acetylcholinesterase. A different degree of changes in the indicated characteristics has been revealed in various lines of rats used in the experiments.