Anestesia multimodal em cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) submetido à hemilaminectomia e estabilização sacrococcígea / Multimodal anaesthesia in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) undergoing hemilaminectomy and sacrococcygeal stabilization

Background: Several researches have shown the impacts of roads more directly to wildlife in Brazil. The crab-eating fox(Cerdocyon thous) is a frequent run over victim. Dissociative drugs are commonly used, but inhalation anesthesia is indicatedin cases of extensive and prolonged surgeries. Despite their similarity with domestic dogs, the literature is scarce regarding theassociation of new anesthetic techniques and protocols in wild canids. The aim of this paper was to report the viability of multimodal anesthesia in a crab-eating fox, victim of running over, undergoing hemilaminectomy and sacrococcygeal stabilization.Case: An adult male specimen of crab-eating fox was rescued after being run over and taken to a wild animal screening center.Physical examination showed superficial and deep pain, lack of support for the pelvic limbs and proprioception, increasedreflexes, and reduced tail mobility. Chemical restraint with intramuscular (IM) tiletamine-zolazepam (6.0 mg/kg) and morphine (0.5 mg/kg) was performed. Meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg IM) and enrofloxacin (5.0 mg/kg IM) were also administered. Theanimal was sequentially admitted to the veterinary hospital. Radiographic images showed compaction of the spinal columnof the T10 and T11 thoracic vertebrae and the sacrococcygeal region. Sixty min after chemical restraint, the anesthesia wassupplemented with IM tiletamine-zolazepam (4.5 mg/kg), and fluid therapy with 0.9% NaCl (10 mL/kg/h) was started. Ten minlater, intravenous propofol dose-effect (2.5 mg/kg) was administered and general anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane(FiO2 = 1.0). Thirty min after the induction of anesthesia, the animal was urdergoing hemilaminectomy and sacrococcygealstabilization. Constant rate infusions (CRI) of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg/h) and ketamine (0.6 mg/kg/h) were started. Lidocaine (7.0 mg/kg) and bupivacaine (2.0 mg/kg) were administered into the surgical site on the T10 and T11 vertebrae at 35...(AU)

Anestesia multimodal em cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous) submetido à hemilaminectomia e estabilização sacrococcígea / Multimodal anaesthesia in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) undergoing hemilaminectomy and sacrococcygeal stabilization

Background: Several researches have shown the impacts of roads more directly to wildlife in Brazil. The crab-eating fox(Cerdocyon thous) is a frequent run over victim. Dissociative drugs are commonly used, but inhalation anesthesia is indicatedin cases of extensive and prolonged surgeries. Despite their similarity with domestic dogs, the literature is scarce regarding theassociation of new anesthetic techniques and protocols in wild canids. The aim of this paper was to report the viability of multimodal anesthesia in a crab-eating fox, victim of running over, undergoing hemilaminectomy and sacrococcygeal stabilization.Case: An adult male specimen of crab-eating fox was rescued after being run over and taken to a wild animal screening center.Physical examination showed superficial and deep pain, lack of support for the pelvic limbs and proprioception, increasedreflexes, and reduced tail mobility. Chemical restraint with intramuscular (IM) tiletamine-zolazepam (6.0 mg/kg) and morphine (0.5 mg/kg) was performed. Meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg IM) and enrofloxacin (5.0 mg/kg IM) were also administered. Theanimal was sequentially admitted to the veterinary hospital. Radiographic images showed compaction of the spinal columnof the T10 and T11 thoracic vertebrae and the sacrococcygeal region. Sixty min after chemical restraint, the anesthesia wassupplemented with IM tiletamine-zolazepam (4.5 mg/kg), and fluid therapy with 0.9% NaCl (10 mL/kg/h) was started. Ten minlater, intravenous propofol dose-effect (2.5 mg/kg) was administered and general anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane(FiO2 = 1.0). Thirty min after the induction of anesthesia, the animal was urdergoing hemilaminectomy and sacrococcygealstabilization. Constant rate infusions (CRI) of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg/h) and ketamine (0.6 mg/kg/h) were started. Lidocaine (7.0 mg/kg) and bupivacaine (2.0 mg/kg) were administered into the surgical site on the T10 and T11 vertebrae at 35...

Anestesia multimodal em agapornis personata submetido a amputação de asa / Multimodal anesthesia in Agapornis personata submitted to wing amputation

Existem poucos estudos para padronizar farmacologicamente o uso de drogas anestésica em aves, sendo comum serem encontradas diferentes condutas profissionais. O presente estudo relata um procedimento anestésico de um psitacídeo de 9 meses atendido no setor de Animais Silvestres e Exóticos do Hospital Veterinário da UFBA. A ave foi submetida a anestesia geral para amputação da asa esquerda, mantida sob anestesia inalatória com isufluorano via máscara orofacial, além de um protocolo pré-anestésico composto pelo butorfanol (1 mg/kg) e midazolam (0,4 mg/kg). A lidocaína sem vasoconstritor (2 mg/kg) foi utilizada na anestesia local para otimizar o procedimento. O animal foi monitorado durante todo o trans e pós-operatório, mantendo um plano anestésico adequado. A recuperação foi segura e relativamente rápida. O animal teve alta no mesmo dia, estando estável e alerta. O proprietário relatou que a ave não demonstrou sinais de dor, mantendo normal a ingestão de água e alimento menos de 24h após a alta. A partir do exposto, o processo anestésico foi bem-sucedido e o prognóstico é bom. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho contribui com dados importantes para a comunidade científica da área, visto que o protocolo anestésico em aves ainda é pouco relatado.

There are few studies to pharmacologically standardize the use of anesthetic drugs in birds, and it is common to find different professional behaviors. The present study reports an anesthetic procedure of a 9-month parrot attended at the Wild and Exotic Animals sector of the UFBA Veterinary Hospital. The bird underwent general anesthesia for left wing amputation, maintained under inhalation anesthesia with isufluorane via orofacial mask, in addition to a pre-anesthetic protocol consisting of butorphanol (1 mg / kg) and midazolam (0.4 mg / kg). Lidocaine without vasoconstrictor (2 mg / kg) was used in local anesthesia to optimize the procedure. The animal was monitored throughout the trans and postoperative periods, maintaining an adequate anesthetic plan. Recovery was safe and relatively fast. The animal was discharged on the same day, being stable and alert. The owner reported that the bird showed no signs of pain, maintaining normal food and water intake less than 24 hours after discharge. From the above, the anesthetic process was successful and the prognosis is good. Thus, the present study contributes important data to the scientific community in the area, since the anesthetic protocol in birds is still poorly reported.

Anestesia multimodal em Agapornis personata submetido a amputação de asa / Multimodal anesthesia in Agapornis personata submitted to wing amputation

Existem poucos estudos para padronizar farmacologicamente o uso de drogas anestésica em aves, sendo comum serem encontradas diferentes condutas profissionais. O presente estudo relata um procedimento anestésico de um psitacídeo de 9 meses atendido no setor de Animais Silvestres e Exóticos do Hospital Veterinário da UFBA. A ave foi submetida a anestesia geral para amputação da asa esquerda, mantida sob anestesia inalatória com isufluorano via máscara orofacial, além de um protocolo pré-anestésico composto pelo butorfanol (1 mg/kg) e midazolam (0,4 mg/kg). A lidocaína sem vasoconstritor (2 mg/kg)foi utilizada na anestesia local para otimizar o procedimento. O animal foi monitorado durante todo o trans e pós-operatório, mantendo um plano anestésico adequado. A recuperação foi segura e relativamente rápida. O animal teve alta no mesmo dia, estando estável e alerta. O proprietário relatou que a ave não demonstrou sinais de dor, mantendo normal a ingestão de água e alimento menos de 24h após a alta. A partir do exposto, o processo anestésico foi bem-sucedido e o prognóstico é bom. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho contribui com dados importantes para a comunidade científica da área, visto que o protocolo anestésico em aves ainda é pouco relatado.(AU)

There are few studies to pharmacologically standardize the use of anesthetic drugs in birds, and it is common to find different professional behaviors. The present study reports ananesthetic procedure of a 9-month parrot attended at the Wild and Exotic Animals sector of the UFBA Veterinary Hospital. The bird underwent general anesthesia for left wing amputation, maintained under inhalation anesthesia with isufluorane via orofacial mask, inaddition to a pre-anesthetic protocol consisting of butorphanol (1 mg / kg) and midazolam(0.4 mg / kg). Lidocaine without vasoconstrictor (2 mg / kg) was used in local anesthesia to optimize the procedure. The animal was monitored throughout the trans and postoperative periods, maintaining an adequate anesthetic plan. Recovery was safe and relatively fast. The animal was discharged on the same day, being stable and alert. The owner reported that the bird showed no signs of pain, maintaining normal food and water intake less than 24 hours after discharge. From the above, the anesthetic process was successful and the prognosis is good. Thus, the present study contributes important data to the scientific community in the area, since the anesthetic protocol in birds is still poorly reported.(AU)

Morfina epidural contínua no controle da dor pós-operatória em ovino / Postoperative pain management in a sheep using continuous epidural morphine

Background: Although ruminants experience pain like other species, diagnosis and treatment may be imprecise and challenging, especially because of lack of recognition and restraint of therapeutic resources. In addition to the restrictions inherent in the species, organic dysfunctions may further restrict the analgesic arsenal, making it necessary to find viable and effective alternative for pain control. The continuous administration of opioids in the epidural space has been highlighted as an analgesic resource in several species. However, until this moment, there are few information on this practice in ruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the use of continuous epidural infusion of morphine in a sheep undergoing to urethrostomy with a history of chronic pain and urolithiasis.Case: A 3-year-old Santa Ines sheep, weighting 110 kg, was presented to the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Bahia with history of recurrent urolithiasis, lameness, severe pain and continuous use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The findings of the physical examination, imaging and laboratory tests revealed possible abomasum inflammation, chronic laminitis, left humerus-radioulnar osteoarthritis and urethral urolithiasis with uremia. A clinical stabilization of the animal was performed, including an interruption of the use of the NSAID and the administration of fluid, urinary acidifier (ammonium chloride), histamine H2 receptor antagonist (ranitidine), cytoprotectant (sucralfate), antibiotic (norfloxacin) and dipyrone. After 3 days, urethrostomy was performed followed by the implantation of an epidural catheter (19G) in the lumbosacral space (L7 - S1) by means of a Tuohy needle (18G), after the surgical procedure. Administration of morphine (0.1 mg kg-1) through the catheter at 24-h intervals, associated with dipyrone (25 mg kg-1) intravenously (IV), every 8 h, over a 5-day period, was the postoperative analgesic protocol chosen.[...]

Morfina epidural contínua no controle da dor pós-operatória em ovino / Postoperative pain management in a sheep using continuous epidural morphine

Background: Although ruminants experience pain like other species, diagnosis and treatment may be imprecise and challenging, especially because of lack of recognition and restraint of therapeutic resources. In addition to the restrictions inherent in the species, organic dysfunctions may further restrict the analgesic arsenal, making it necessary to find viable and effective alternative for pain control. The continuous administration of opioids in the epidural space has been highlighted as an analgesic resource in several species. However, until this moment, there are few information on this practice in ruminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the use of continuous epidural infusion of morphine in a sheep undergoing to urethrostomy with a history of chronic pain and urolithiasis.Case: A 3-year-old Santa Ines sheep, weighting 110 kg, was presented to the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Bahia with history of recurrent urolithiasis, lameness, severe pain and continuous use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The findings of the physical examination, imaging and laboratory tests revealed possible abomasum inflammation, chronic laminitis, left humerus-radioulnar osteoarthritis and urethral urolithiasis with uremia. A clinical stabilization of the animal was performed, including an interruption of the use of the NSAID and the administration of fluid, urinary acidifier (ammonium chloride), histamine H2 receptor antagonist (ranitidine), cytoprotectant (sucralfate), antibiotic (norfloxacin) and dipyrone. After 3 days, urethrostomy was performed followed by the implantation of an epidural catheter (19G) in the lumbosacral space (L7 - S1) by means of a Tuohy needle (18G), after the surgical procedure. Administration of morphine (0.1 mg kg-1) through the catheter at 24-h intervals, associated with dipyrone (25 mg kg-1) intravenously (IV), every 8 h, over a 5-day period, was the postoperative analgesic protocol chosen.[...](AU)