RESUMEN
Laminitis is a complex disorder that is difficult to diagnose before the onset of lameness. Ten horses were allocated into 2 experimental groups: The 5 animals of GI did not undergo carbohydrate overload (control group) whereas the remaining 5 in GII underwent carbohydrate overload (laminitis group). After carbohydrate was provided to the animals, clinical and laboratorial examination were performed over a 48-hour period. The hoof tissues underwent histological assessment at the end of study. The digital pulse increased from 12 hours on, simultaneous to initial signs of lameness, which increased to Obel grade 3 after 24 hours. Change of external maxilar artery pulse was noted to 24 hours; at the same time an increase of the capillary refill time was seen. It was verified that heart rate and internal temperature increased 36 hours after overfeeding. Eosinopenia occurred 12 hours after carbohydrate overload. The packet cell volume changed after 36 hours, concomitantly with neutrophilia. Mild leucocytosis occurred during the experiment. The changes of the plasma total protein and fibrinogen concentrations and serum aspartate aminotransferase activity were not significant. Although not expected, the serum creatine kynase activity was highest in control group. The serum alkaline phosphatase activity was highest in laminitis group. The major histological changes were degenerative, in
Laminite é um complexo distúrbio metabólico de difícil diagnostico antes do início da claudicação. Foram utilizados dez eqüinos adultos distribuídos em 2 grupos experimentais: GI, 5 animais hígidos (grupo controle) e GII, 5 animais submetidos à dieta com sobrecarga de carboidratos (grupo laminite). Posteriormente ao fornecimento de carboidratos, os animais foram submetidos a exames físicos e laboratorial durante o período de 48 horas. Ao final do experimento procedeu-se a avaliação histológica dos tecidos dos cascos. Notou-se que o pulso digital elevou-se a partir de 12 horas após o início da fase experimental, simultaneamente aos primeiros sinais de claudicação, que evoluíram para grau III 24 horas após. Alteração do pulso da artéria maxilar externa foi notada a partir de 24 horas, coincidindo com o aumento do tempo de preenchimento capilar. Elevações de freqüência cardíaca e da temperatura retal ocorreram 36 a 48 horas após o fornecimento de carboidratos. Notou-se eosinopenia 12 horas após a administração de carboidratos. O volume globular alterou-se a partir de 36 horas, concomitantemente à neutrofilia. Constatou-se discreta leucocitose ao longo da fase experimental. As alterações dos teores plasmáticos de proteína total e de fibrinogênio e a atividade sérica de aspartato aminotransferase não foram significativas. A atividade sérica de creatina quinase foi maior em eqüinos d
RESUMEN
Staphylococcus aureus is the major bacteria involved in cow intramammary infections and it represents an important concern to public health and to the milk production over the world. S. aureus is the most prevalent organism isolated in milk samples from infected mammary glands, in Brazil. The goal of this study was to verify the viability of the experimental model of bovine subclinical mastitis induced by S. aureus inoculation and to evaluate the clinical and laboratory results related to the infection. It were examinated 40 mammary quarters from 12 health Holstein cows, submitted to two procedures: Group 1: ten not inoculated mammary quarters; and Group 2: thirty mammary quarters inoculated with 500 CFU of S. aureus (strain ATCC 25923). This method induced subclinical mastitis in 63.3% of the inoculated mammary quarters. Total cell count was significantly higher in milk samples from group 2 obtained 72 hours after bacteria inoculation (2,432.20 x 103 cells/mL), showing tissue inflammatory response, in comparison with not inoculated quarters. Milk total protein concentrations were not influenced by inflammatory response induced by S. aureus and the values ranging from 4.26±0.61 to 4.38±0.40 g/dL, in group 1, and from 4.28±0.43 to 4.47±1.00 g/dL, in group 2. KEY-WORDS: Subclinical mastitis. Cows. Staphylococcus aureus. Experimental infection.
RESUMEN
Laminitis is a complex disorder that is difficult to diagnose before the onset of lameness. Ten horses were allocated into 2 experimental groups: The 5 animals of GI did not undergo carbohydrate overload (control group) whereas the remaining 5 in GII underwent carbohydrate overload (laminitis group). After carbohydrate was provided to the animals, clinical and laboratorial examination were performed over a 48-hour period. The hoof tissues underwent histological assessment at the end of study. The digital pulse increased from 12 hours on, simultaneous to initial signs of lameness, which increased to Obel grade 3 after 24 hours. Change of external maxilar artery pulse was noted to 24 hours; at the same time an increase of the capillary refill time was seen. It was verified that heart rate and internal temperature increased 36 hours after overfeeding. Eosinopenia occurred 12 hours after carbohydrate overload. The packet cell volume changed after 36 hours, concomitantly with neutrophilia. Mild leucocytosis occurred during the experiment. The changes of the plasma total protein and fibrinogen concentrations and serum aspartate aminotransferase activity were not significant. Although not expected, the serum creatine kynase activity was highest in control group. The serum alkaline phosphatase activity was highest in laminitis group. The major histological changes were degenerative, in
Laminite é um complexo distúrbio metabólico de difícil diagnostico antes do início da claudicação. Foram utilizados dez eqüinos adultos distribuídos em 2 grupos experimentais: GI, 5 animais hígidos (grupo controle) e GII, 5 animais submetidos à dieta com sobrecarga de carboidratos (grupo laminite). Posteriormente ao fornecimento de carboidratos, os animais foram submetidos a exames físicos e laboratorial durante o período de 48 horas. Ao final do experimento procedeu-se a avaliação histológica dos tecidos dos cascos. Notou-se que o pulso digital elevou-se a partir de 12 horas após o início da fase experimental, simultaneamente aos primeiros sinais de claudicação, que evoluíram para grau III 24 horas após. Alteração do pulso da artéria maxilar externa foi notada a partir de 24 horas, coincidindo com o aumento do tempo de preenchimento capilar. Elevações de freqüência cardíaca e da temperatura retal ocorreram 36 a 48 horas após o fornecimento de carboidratos. Notou-se eosinopenia 12 horas após a administração de carboidratos. O volume globular alterou-se a partir de 36 horas, concomitantemente à neutrofilia. Constatou-se discreta leucocitose ao longo da fase experimental. As alterações dos teores plasmáticos de proteína total e de fibrinogênio e a atividade sérica de aspartato aminotransferase não foram significativas. A atividade sérica de creatina quinase foi maior em eqüinos d
RESUMEN
Staphylococcus aureus is the major bacteria involved in cow intramammary infections and it represents an important concern to public health and to the milk production over the world. S. aureus is the most prevalent organism isolated in milk samples from infected mammary glands, in Brazil. The goal of this study was to verify the viability of the experimental model of bovine subclinical mastitis induced by S. aureus inoculation and to evaluate the clinical and laboratory results related to the infection. It were examinated 40 mammary quarters from 12 health Holstein cows, submitted to two procedures: Group 1: ten not inoculated mammary quarters; and Group 2: thirty mammary quarters inoculated with 500 CFU of S. aureus (strain ATCC 25923). This method induced subclinical mastitis in 63.3% of the inoculated mammary quarters. Total cell count was significantly higher in milk samples from group 2 obtained 72 hours after bacteria inoculation (2,432.20 x 103 cells/mL), showing tissue inflammatory response, in comparison with not inoculated quarters. Milk total protein concentrations were not influenced by inflammatory response induced by S. aureus and the values ranging from 4.26±0.61 to 4.38±0.40 g/dL, in group 1, and from 4.28±0.43 to 4.47±1.00 g/dL, in group 2. KEY-WORDS: Subclinical mastitis. Cows. Staphylococcus aureus. Experimental infection.
RESUMEN
Thirty-eight adult free-living giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), 17 males and 21 females, and 33 captive giant anteaters, 13 males and 20 females, were analyzed for serum proteinogram obtained by sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamyde gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). No statistical difference related to gender was observed. The free-living giant anteaters serum proteinograms had 47 proteins with molecular weight (MW) ranging from 12,000 to 123,000 D. The captive giant anteaters serum proteinograms had 42 proteins, with same MW range; it had no proteins with MW 53,700, 50,000, 34,000, 27,700, and 13,000 D. The free- living M. tridactyla had values significantly higher for the proteins with MW 98,000, 94,000, 61,500, 54,000, 32,000, 15,000, and 12,000 D, as compared to captive M. tridactyla. Serum albumin concentrations reported in domestic animals, 2.0 g/dL to 4.0 g/dL, is higher than that of M. tridactyla, 1.48±0.08 g/dL (Group 2) to 1.53±0.09 g/dL (Group 1). In contrast, M. tridactyla serum globulin levels were higher than those reported in literature for domestic animals. The results indicate that differences in the M. tridactyla serum proteinogram probably are related to environmental and nutritional conditions, and can be used as reference values in these situations. KEY-WORDS: Giant anteater. Myrmecophaga tridactyla. Serum proteinogram.
RESUMEN
Thirty-eight adult free-living giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), 17 males and 21 females, and 33 captive giant anteaters, 13 males and 20 females, were analyzed for serum proteinogram obtained by sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamyde gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). No statistical difference related to gender was observed. The free-living giant anteaters serum proteinograms had 47 proteins with molecular weight (MW) ranging from 12,000 to 123,000 D. The captive giant anteaters serum proteinograms had 42 proteins, with same MW range; it had no proteins with MW 53,700, 50,000, 34,000, 27,700, and 13,000 D. The free- living M. tridactyla had values significantly higher for the proteins with MW 98,000, 94,000, 61,500, 54,000, 32,000, 15,000, and 12,000 D, as compared to captive M. tridactyla. Serum albumin concentrations reported in domestic animals, 2.0 g/dL to 4.0 g/dL, is higher than that of M. tridactyla, 1.48±0.08 g/dL (Group 2) to 1.53±0.09 g/dL (Group 1). In contrast, M. tridactyla serum globulin levels were higher than those reported in literature for domestic animals. The results indicate that differences in the M. tridactyla serum proteinogram probably are related to environmental and nutritional conditions, and can be used as reference values in these situations. KEY-WORDS: Giant anteater. Myrmecophaga tridactyla. Serum proteinogram.
RESUMEN
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) for brucellosis serodiagnosis in a Brucella abortus infected buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) herd, comparing the results with those obtained by the mercaptoethanol (MET) and the complement fixation tests (CFT). Serum samples from 90 three-to-five-years-old cows were collected. Animals were unvaccinated against brucellosis. Every serum was tested by the three serological tests, and the results were compared by kappa (k) and the MacNemar chi-square, adopting as cutt-off the titre 25 for the MET and the titre 4 for the CFT. A good agreement was observed among the tests (RBPT versus CFT, k = 0.82; RBPT versus MET, k =0.92; MET versus CFT, k = 0.86), and the chi-square did not show significant difference. The relative sensitivity of the RBPT, when compared with the combination of the results of MET and CFT, was 93.03%, with a confidence interval (95%) ranging from 87.57% to 98.47%. Out of 43 animals considered infected by the combination of the results of the two other tests, three tested negative by the RBPT, suggesting the possibility of occurrence of false-negative results. KEY-WORDS: Brucellosis. Bubalus bubalis. Serodiagnosis. Rose Bengal plate test. Complement fixation test. Mercaptoethanol test.
O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a prova do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT) para diagnóstico da brucelose em um rebanho bubalino (Bubalus bubalis) do qual foi isolada Brucella abortus, comparando seus resultados com aqueles obtidos na prova do 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME) e na reação de fixação de complemento (RFC). Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 90 fêmeas adultas com idade entre três e cinco anos e não vacinadas contra brucelose. Todos os soros foram submetidos às três provas sorológicas, e os resultados foram comparados por meio do indicador kappa e do teste de X2 de MacNemar, adotando-se como ponto de corte o título 25 na 2-ME e o título 4 na RFC. Os três testes apresentaram boa concordância entre si (AAT x RFC, k = 0,82; AAT x 2-ME, k = 0,92; 2-ME x RFC, k = 0,86), e o teste de X2 não apontou diferença significativa entre eles. A sensibilidade relativa da AAT, em comparação com a combinação dos resultados da 2-ME e da RFC, foi de 93,03%, com um intervalo de confiança(95%) de 87,57% a 98,47%. Três animais, de um total de 43 classificados como infectados pela combinação dos resultados do outros dois testes, apresentaram resultado negativo na AAT, indicando a possibilidade de ocorrência de resultado falso-negativo nesse teste.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Brucelose. Bubalus bubalis. Diagnóstico sorológico. Prova do antígeno acidificado tamponado. Reação de fixação de complemento.
RESUMEN
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) for brucellosis serodiagnosis in a Brucella abortus infected buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) herd, comparing the results with those obtained by the mercaptoethanol (MET) and the complement fixation tests (CFT). Serum samples from 90 three-to-five-years-old cows were collected. Animals were unvaccinated against brucellosis. Every serum was tested by the three serological tests, and the results were compared by kappa (k) and the MacNemar chi-square, adopting as cutt-off the titre 25 for the MET and the titre 4 for the CFT. A good agreement was observed among the tests (RBPT versus CFT, k = 0.82; RBPT versus MET, k =0.92; MET versus CFT, k = 0.86), and the chi-square did not show significant difference. The relative sensitivity of the RBPT, when compared with the combination of the results of MET and CFT, was 93.03%, with a confidence interval (95%) ranging from 87.57% to 98.47%. Out of 43 animals considered infected by the combination of the results of the two other tests, three tested negative by the RBPT, suggesting the possibility of occurrence of false-negative results. KEY-WORDS: Brucellosis. Bubalus bubalis. Serodiagnosis. Rose Bengal plate test. Complement fixation test. Mercaptoethanol test.
O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a prova do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT) para diagnóstico da brucelose em um rebanho bubalino (Bubalus bubalis) do qual foi isolada Brucella abortus, comparando seus resultados com aqueles obtidos na prova do 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME) e na reação de fixação de complemento (RFC). Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 90 fêmeas adultas com idade entre três e cinco anos e não vacinadas contra brucelose. Todos os soros foram submetidos às três provas sorológicas, e os resultados foram comparados por meio do indicador kappa e do teste de X2 de MacNemar, adotando-se como ponto de corte o título 25 na 2-ME e o título 4 na RFC. Os três testes apresentaram boa concordância entre si (AAT x RFC, k = 0,82; AAT x 2-ME, k = 0,92; 2-ME x RFC, k = 0,86), e o teste de X2 não apontou diferença significativa entre eles. A sensibilidade relativa da AAT, em comparação com a combinação dos resultados da 2-ME e da RFC, foi de 93,03%, com um intervalo de confiança(95%) de 87,57% a 98,47%. Três animais, de um total de 43 classificados como infectados pela combinação dos resultados do outros dois testes, apresentaram resultado negativo na AAT, indicando a possibilidade de ocorrência de resultado falso-negativo nesse teste.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Brucelose. Bubalus bubalis. Diagnóstico sorológico. Prova do antígeno acidificado tamponado. Reação de fixação de complemento.
RESUMEN
O artigo não apresenta resumo.
RESUMEN
O artigo não apresenta resumo.