Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the International Trauma Questionnaire for use in Brazilian Portuguese.

BACKGROUND: The most recent editions of diagnostic manuals have proposed important modifications in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is the gold-standard measurement for assessing PTSD and complex PTSD in accordance with the model of the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to adapt the ITQ for the Brazilian context. DESIGN AND SETTING: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ITQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese was performed in trauma research facilities in Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: The adaptation followed five steps: (1) translation; (2) committee synthesis; (3) experts' evaluation through the content validity index (CVI) and assessment of interrater agreement though kappa statistics; (4) comprehension test with clinical and community samples (n = 35); and (5) final back-translation and authors' evaluation. RESULTS: Two independent translations were conducted. While working on a synthesis of these translations, the committee proposed changes in six items to adapt idiomatic expressions or to achieve a more accurate technical fit. Both the expert judges' evaluation (CVI > 0.7; k > 0.55) and the pretest in the target population (mean comprehension > 3) indicated that the adapted items were adequate and comprehensible. The final back-translation was approved by the authors of the original instrument. CONCLUSION: ITQ in its Brazilian Portuguese version achieved satisfactory content validity, thus providing a tool for Brazilian research based on PTSD models of the ICD-11.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the International Trauma Questionnaire for use in Brazilian Portuguese

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The most recent editions of diagnostic manuals have proposed important modifications in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) criteria. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is the gold-standard measurement for assessing PTSD and complex PTSD in accordance with the model of the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to adapt the ITQ for the Brazilian context. DESIGN AND SETTING: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ITQ for use in Brazilian Portuguese was performed in trauma research facilities in Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: The adaptation followed five steps: (1) translation; (2) committee synthesis; (3) experts' evaluation through the content validity index (CVI) and assessment of interrater agreement though kappa statistics; (4) comprehension test with clinical and community samples (n = 35); and (5) final back-translation and authors' evaluation. RESULTS: Two independent translations were conducted. While working on a synthesis of these translations, the committee proposed changes in six items to adapt idiomatic expressions or to achieve a more accurate technical fit. Both the expert judges' evaluation (CVI > 0.7; k > 0.55) and the pretest in the target population (mean comprehension > 3) indicated that the adapted items were adequate and comprehensible. The final back-translation was approved by the authors of the original instrument. CONCLUSION: ITQ in its Brazilian Portuguese version achieved satisfactory content validity, thus providing a tool for Brazilian research based on PTSD models of the ICD-11.

Post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use following traumatic brain injury: a clinical and neuropsychological case study / Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e uso de substância após traumatismo crânio-encefálico: um estudo de caso clínico e neuropsicológico

The present study proposes to investigate the case of a patient with crack-cocaine use disorder from the occurrence of a neurological condition of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It is presumed that this is a case of crack and cocaine use disorder from the occurrence of two predisposing factors: TBI and the appearance of post-traumatic symptoms. Therefore, the present case discusses, clinically and based in neuropsychological assessment, the hypotheses of substance use as self-medication to attenuate the depressive symptoms related to the traumatic experience and/or as a consequence of a neuropsychological framework. Furthermore, the presence of a neurological condition may explain the subsequent progression to crack-cocaine use disorder.(AU)

O presente estudo se propôs a investigar o caso de uma paciente dependente de cocaína e crack, a qual desenvolveu o quadro de dependência após ter sido diagnosticada com Traumatismo Crânio-Encefálico (TCE) em decorrência de um acidente e Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático. Este caso, em especial, por apresentar co-ocorrência de condições neurológicas e psiquiátricas foi alvo de uma avaliação clínica e neuropsicológica. A hipótese do uso de substância como forma de automedicação pode estar relacionada com o início e progressão para dependência de cocaína e crack, uma vez que foram reportados sintomas depressivos e pós-traumáticos acentuados. Além disso, a presença de um quadro neurológico com possíveis alterações neuropsicológicas associadas pode explicar a subsequente progressão para dependência de cocaína e crack.(AU)