RESUMEN
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Chemokines recruit activated immune cells to sites of inflammation and are important mediators of insulitis. Activation of the pro-apoptotic receptor Fas leads to apoptosis-mediated death of the Fas-expressing cell. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IFN-gamma regulate the transcription of genes encoding the Fas receptor and several chemokines. We have previously shown that suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-3 inhibits IL-1beta- and IFN-gamma-induced nitric oxide production in a beta cell line. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SOCS-3 can influence cytokine-induced Fas and chemokine expression in beta cells. METHODS: Using a beta cell line with inducible Socs3 expression or primary neonatal rat islet cells transduced with a Socs3-encoding adenovirus, we employed real-time RT-PCR analysis to investigate whether SOCS-3 affects cytokine-induced chemokine and Fas mRNA expression. The ability of SOCS-3 to influence the activity of cytokine-responsive Fas and Mcp-1 (also known as Ccl2) promoters was measured by reporter analysis. RESULTS: IL-1beta induced a time-dependent increase in Mcp-1 and Mip-2 (also known as Cxcl2) mRNA expression after 6 h of stimulation in insulinoma (INS)-1 and neonatal rat islet cells. This induction was inhibited when Socs3 was expressed in the cells. In INS-1 cells, IL-1beta + IFN-gamma induced a tenfold and eightfold increase of Fas mRNA expression after 6 and 24 h, respectively. This induction was inhibited at both time-points when expression of Socs3 was induced. In promoter studies SOCS-3 significantly inhibited the cytokine-induced activity of Mcp-1 and Fas promoter constructs. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: SOCS-3 inhibits the expression of cytokine-induced chemokine and death-receptor Fas mRNA.
Asunto(s)
Quimiocinas/genética , Células Secretoras de Insulina/fisiología , Interleucina-1beta/farmacología , Proteínas Supresoras de la Señalización de Citocinas/fisiología , Animales , Línea Celular , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Insulina/biosíntesis , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efectos de los fármacos , Interferón gamma/farmacología , ARN Mensajero/genética , Ratas , Transducción de Señal , Proteína 3 Supresora de la Señalización de Citocinas , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The limited service of facial prostheses is the result of degradation of the elastomer and color instability. Deterioration may be caused by many factors, which include environmental exposure and changes in humidity. This investigation assessed the efficacy of an additive, intrinsic, broad-spectrum ultraviolet light absorber on the color stability of a pigmented facial elastomer. Samples were weathered artificially and outdoors at exposure levels of radiant energy of 150 to 450 kJ/m2. The samples changed color slightly but perceptibly. Artificial aging caused a greater change than outdoor aging. The ultraviolet light absorber UV-5411 did not protect the samples from color changes.
Asunto(s)
Prótesis Maxilofacial , Coloración de Prótesis/normas , Absorción , Análisis de Varianza , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Humanos , Humedad , Coloración de Prótesis/estadística & datos numéricos , Elastómeros de Silicona/química , Elastómeros de Silicona/efectos de la radiación , Espectrofotometría , Luz Solar , Factores de Tiempo , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
In this study, a technique is described by which large obturators can be retained with an acrylic resin head plate. The technique entails attaching the prosthesis to an acrylic resin plate with a 2-mm-diameter wire and then attaching the plate to the patient's forehead with skin tape.
