Toxic effects of sodium hypochlorite as disinfectants on human bronchial epithelial cells / 环境与职业医学

Background There are a variety of microorganisms in ambient air, and susceptible people can be infected once contact with pathogenic microorganisms in the environment. In order to avoid the spread of pathogenic bacteria, disinfection is the simplest and most effective way of killing pathogenic bacteria in the environment to block the contact between pathogenic bacteria and humans. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is the most widely used disinfectant, but its safety in ambient air disinfection is not clear yet. Objective To establish a model of bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B) injury induced by NaClO, and to explore the mechanism of the toxic effect of NaClO disinfectants on BEAS-2B. Methods Cells were treated with concentration gradients of 0, 25, 50,100, 200, and 400 μmol·L−1 of the diluted NaClO (100 mmol·L−1) standard solution, respectively, and cell activity was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay after 15 and 30 min. Cells treated with 0, 25, and 50 μmol·L−1 NaClO were selected to observe the cell morphology under an inverted microscope, apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry Annexin V FITC / PI double staining to determine the final experimental concentration. The morphology of organelles such as mitochondria was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells was detected by JC-1 staining. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured with a Fluo-4 AM fluorescent probe. Total cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected with a 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe, cell mitochondrial ROS with a dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescent probe, and lipid peroxidation intermediate malondialdehyde (MDA) with a commercial kit. Results Compared with 0 μmol·L−1, NaClO treatment group, cell morphology did not change a lot after 25 μmol·L−1 NaClO treatment for 30 min, and the cells began to wrinkle and become round after 30 min treatment with 50 μmol·L−1 NaClO, showing about 70% of normal cell viability (P<0.01). So 30 min 50 μmol·L−1 NaClO treatment was selected for the subsequent experiment. The experimental results found that compared with the 0 μmol·L−1 NaClO treatment group, the number of apoptotic cells increased (P<0.05), the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased (P<0.01), the intracellular Ca2+ concentration increased (P<0.05), the cellular ROS level increased (P<0.05), the mitochondrial ROS level increased (P<0.01), and the MDA content increased (P<0.01) in the NaClO treatment group.. Conclusion The study has successfully established a model of BEAS-2B injury induced by NaClO, and found that NaClO can lead to cell damage by inducing apoptosis and oxidative stress in BEAS-2B cells. According to the results, there are two possible reasons. First, NaClO solves in water to form hypochlorous acid (HClO) which is oxidative and increases the intracellular ROS level after entering cells, leading to cellular oxidative stress. Second, HClO enters cells to directly attack the mitochondrial membrane, resulting in the imbalance of potential inside and outside the mitochondrial membrane, and apoptosis caused by Ca2+ efflux.

Research progress on the correlation between imaging features and the molecular subtype,histopathology,clinical prognosis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast / 中国癌症杂志

Ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS),a pathological type of breast cancer that is limited to the terminal ducts of the breast without breaking through the basement membrane,is considered as the precursor of invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC).When DCIS breaks through the basement membrane and invades surrounding tissues,it can form infiltrating lesions.If the maximum diameter of a single infiltrating lesion is less than 1mm or the maximum diameter of multiple infiltrating lesions is less than 1mm,it is defined as ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion(DCIS-Mi).About 12%-40%of untreated and intervened DCIS will progress to IDC,and DCIS and IDC can also coexist.However,there is a considerable portion of DCIS that never progresses with good prognosis.Recently,overdiagnosis and overtreatment of DCIS have become the research hotspots.The histological grade of DCIS is mainly based on the morphology of the nucleus,which is divided into three nuclear levels:low,medium,and high.There are also significant differences in receptor expression and molecular type distribution between DCIS,DCIS-Mi,and IDC.For DCIS with or without microinvasion as well as different histological grades,there are many controversies about the treatment regimen,clinical prognosis and risk.The development of modern imaging technology has achieved preliminary evaluation of histological grading,infiltration status,and prognosis prediction of DCIS.The most commonly used breast imaging techniques in clinical practice currently include mammography(MG),ultrasound(US),and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The imaging principles of these three techniques are different,and each has its own advantages and disadvantages in breast disease imaging diagnosis.However,they can complement each other and play an important role in disease diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation.Mammography has the advantages of safety,reliability and good repeatability.It is the preferred screening method for breast cancer recommended by international guidelines.The main manifestations of DCIS on MG can be divided into non calcified lesions and calcified lesions.On US,the main manifestations are lesions and non-lesion type,which can be further divided into hypoechoic changes,calcification,ductal changes,and structural disorders and distortions.MRI has higher sensitivity in detecting DCIS without calcification and multifocal DCIS compared with MG,and has higher accuracy in evaluating the lesion range.However,there are also shortcomings such as low diagnostic specificity and insensitivity to microcalcification display.In addition,radiomics has great potential in the histopathological evaluation,prediction,and guidance of individualized precision treatment of DCIS.In the current era of precision medicine,image features,histopathology,molecular genes,etc.are increasingly significant in predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.The early accurate diagnosis and molecular type of DCIS are also extremely important in clinical work.It has become a consensus in clinical treatment to predict the potential benefits of different treatments through molecular typing,histological grade,and imaging findings,in order to develop the most suitable personalized treatment plan.This article reviewed the correlation between imaging features and the molecular subtype,histopathology and prognosis of DCIS.

Motor function and quality of life in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To observe the differences in motor function and quality of life among mild-to-moderate Parkinson's disease(PD)patients with or without freezing of gait(FOG),and the correlation of FOG to motor function and quality of life. Methods From April,2021 to December,2022,132 mild-to-moderate PD patients aged 60 to 80 years were selected from Peking Union Medical College Hospital,and were divided into FOG group(n = 43)and non-FOG group(n = 89)according to the clinical features.They were assessed with Freezing of Gait Questionnaire(FOGQ),Berg Balance Scale(BBS),Timed"Up&Go"Test(TUGT),Five Times Sit to Stand Test(FTSST),isokinetic muscle strength,Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS)and 39-item Parkinson's Disease Question-aire-39(PDQ-39). Results The BBS score was lower(Z =-2.354,P<0.05),and the TUGT,FTSST,UPDRS part 2 and part 3 scores,and the Parkinson's disease summary index(PDSI)were higher in FOG group than in non-FOG group(Z>3.074,t = 2.748,P<0.01).FOGQ score correlated with BBS score,UPDRS Part 2 and Part 3 scores,and PDSI(|r|>0.392,P<0.001). Conclusion FOG would impair motor function,activities of daily living and quality of life in mild-to-moderate PD pa-tients,and increase the risk of falls.

Digital measurement and clinical significance of proximal femur in the older people of Inner Mongolia population, China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure the parameters of the proximal femur in the older people of Inner Mongolia, China and understand the influence of age and gender so as to provide guidance for the design and improvement of prosthesis for total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: A total of 236 patients who underwent CT angiography of lower limbs in the Department of Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University of China were collected. They were divided into 4 groups according to age: < 60 (group A), 60-69 (group B), 70-79 (group C), and > 80 years (group D). Four anatomical parameters, including femoral head diameter (FHD), femoral neck-shaft angle (FNSA), femoral offset (FO), femoral neck anteversion (FNA), were measured by Mimics 21.0. Comparisons were made between age groups of the same gender and between genders in the same age group to analyze the correlation of the 4 parameters of proximal femur with age and gender. In addition, the results of this study were compared with previous studies. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in FHD and FO between age groups, indicating no correlation with age. FNSA and FNA were no significantly different between group C and group D in the same gender, whereas there were significant differences between other age groups and were negatively correlated with age. There were significant differences in FHD and FO between genders in the same age group, with the males being larger than the females. FNSA and FNA were no significant differences between genders in the same age group. CONCLUSIONS: FNSA and FNA decrease with age. FHD and FO were larger in males than in females in all age groups. Age and gender should be considered in the design of prosthesis.

Surprising leopard restoration in fragmented ecosystems reveals connections as the secret to conservation success.

The Chinese Loess Plateau has been the cradle of Chinese civilization and the main human settlement in China for thousands of years, where anthropogenic activities are believed to have deeply eroded natural landscapes. After decades of minimal leopard sighting in forests of northern China, due to serious human interference, we recently discovered that the leopard population is recovering. This finding provides hope for successful biodiversity conservation in human-dominated ecosystems. To understand the mechanism of leopard return into such a highly fragmented landscape, we applied the concept of ecological networks (ENs) to identify key factors promoting leopard restoration and quantify the ecological links among habitats. We first determined the existence of a healthy leopard population in the study area based on the size of its home range and presence of breeding individuals. We then innovatively used the relationship between species richness and top predators to generate ENs, and found that the connectivity of ENs had a significant positive interaction with leopard survival. Our study validates the effectiveness of establishing ecologically connected habitats for leopard protection, and highlights the importance of applying ENs for conservation planning in highly fragmented ecosystems. This study provides a successful case for the protection of top predators in human-dominated landscapes.

Health status of elderly residents in Beijing city: a survey and analysis based on the Health Criteria for Older Adults in China(2022) / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate and analyze the health status of elderly people from the physical, psychological and social aspects using the Health Criteria for Older Adults in China(2022), and to understand the impact of social demographic characteristics on the overall health status of the elderly.Methods:159 elderly people aged 60 years and over in the Lanyuan community of Malianwa Subdistrict, Haidian District, Beijing were selected by the stratified sampling method, with a mean age of(70.7±7.9)years, including 74 men and 85 women.The physical, psychological, social and overall health status of the elderly were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed from data collected through a self-designed questionnaire with face-to-face interviews at respondents' homes.Results:The percentage of participants in this community who were considered overall healthy was 30.2%(n=48). The proportions of those meeting the criteria for physical, mental and social health were 79.2%(n=126), 90.6%(n=144)and 32.1%(n=51), respectively.For participants of 3 age groups(60-69, n=89; 70-79, n=44; ≥80, n=26), differences in percentages of people who were considered not healthy, largely healthy and healthy, measured using the overall, physical, mental and social health criteria, were statistically significant( χ2=24.683, 57.096, 12.801, 11.802, all P<0.05), and results of the χ2test for trend showed that the frequency distribution of people with overall, physical, mental and social health decreased with age( χ2=16.878, 31.600, 9.626, 9.626, all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that education level( OR=2.142, 95% CI: 1.053-4.538, P=0.035)was an influencing factor for overall health status of the elderly. Conclusions:The overall health status of community-dwelling elderly people in Beijing is relatively poor and deteriorates with age.Education level is a factor affecting their health status.Health assessment for the elderly should be strongly advocated, and targeted health education should be provided for the elderly in disease prevention and mental health care.

Role and prospect of ferroptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury during organ transplantation / 器官移植

Ferroptosis is a newly-emerged pattern of programmed cell death discovered in recent years, which is defined as iron-dependent programmed necrosis mediated by lipid peroxidation damage. As a conservative procedure, ferroptosis plays a vital role in the development and diseases of multiple organisms including plants and animals. Since ferroptosis was first reported in 2012, growing interests have been diverted to the process of ferroptosis and its role in disease treatment. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a common pathological process during organ transplantation, and ferroptosis is considered as one of the main patterns inducing ischemia-reperfusion injury. Consequently, the definition, regulatory mechanism and the mechanisms of ferroptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury after kidney, liver, heart and lung transplantations were reviewed, aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury in organ transplantation.

Research progress of lactate dehydrogenase A in digestive system tumors and related drugs / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Malignant tumors of digestive system are highly prevalent malignant tumors that seriously threaten human health around the world. At present, the curative efficacy and prognosis of traditional treatment methods cannot reach the expectation, so it is urgent to find new targets for cancer treatment and realize targeted therapy for tumors. Abnormal energy metabolism in tumor cells is regarded as a hallmark of cancer, and malignant tumor cells absorb glucose through aerobic glycolysis pathway, and obtain a small amount of energy and produce lactate under the catalysis of a series of enzymes. Lactate dehydrogenase A (Lactate dehydrogenase A, LDHA), as a key enzyme in the aerobic glycolysis pathway of tumor cells, plays an important role in the metabolic changes of tumor cells. Studies have demonstrated that LDHA has high expression characteristics in a variety of tumor cells,and its high expression in clinic is often related to the poor prognosis and high metastasis rate of tumors, which is expected to be a new target for cancer therapy. This article reviews the role of LDHA in the development of digestive system tumors and the research progress of related drugs.

Determination of suspended erythrocyte volume range and establishment of its internal control standard / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To determine the volume range of suspended erythrocyte and establish its internal control standard. 【Methods】 The theoretical value of suspended erythrocyte volume was calculated according to the screening criteria of healthy blood donors and Quality Requirements for Whole Blood and Blood Components. A total of 2 410 bags of 1 U and 2 U suspended erythrocyte were randomly selected and weighed, and the volume range were formulated by ±2S and ±10% respectively and then compared to determine the volume range in line with the actual situation of our center. 【Results】 The theoretical volume range of 1 U and 2 U suspended erythrocyte were 117-160 mL vs 234-320 mL, and the actual volume range were 142-180 mL vs 276-393 mL. The volume range of 1 U and 2 U suspended erythrocyte formulated by ±2S were 145-181 mL vs 298-358 mL, and by ±10% were 147-179 mL vs 295-361 mL. The hematocrit and hemoglobin content of suspended erythrocyte within the actual volume range met the quality requirements. There were fluctuations in the volume of suspended erythrocyte from different regions. 【Conclusion】 Based on the actual situation of our center and the sampling results of suspended erythrocytes in recent two years, 163 mL±10% and 328 mL±10% were determined as the internal control standards of 1 U and 2 U suspended erythrocyte, respectively. Blood centers should establish accurate and feasible standard of suspended erythrocyte according to the actual situation.

Effects of different auricular point therapies on digestive symptoms and quality of life in patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To compare the effects of auricular point intradermal needling with auricular point sticking on digestive symptoms and quality of life in patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy regimens. Methods:Ninety-six patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned to three groups using the random number table method,with 32 cases in each group.The control group received conventional nursing care plus 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist,and the other two groups received additional auricular point intradermal needling or sticking.For the three groups of participants,the acute and delayed vomiting and nausea severity,quality of life,and the additional antiemetic consumption rate were observed. Results:The three groups had no significant differences in the acute vomiting frequency and nausea severity and appetite(P>0.05)but had significant differences in the delayed vomiting frequency and nausea severity(P<0.05);the auricular point intradermal needling group won over the auricular point sticking group.The three groups showed significant differences in comparing the appetite in the delayed stage(P<0.05);both auricular point intradermal needling and sticking groups showed advantages over the control group(P<0.05),but no significant difference existed between the auricular point intradermal needling and sticking groups(P>0.05).There were significant differences in comparing the functional living index-emesis(FLIE)score in both acute and delayed stages among the three groups(P<0.05)and the result favored the auricular point intradermal needling group over the auricular point sticking group(P<0.05).The additional antiemetic consumption rate was higher in the control group than in the other groups(P<0.05). Conclusion:Based on the conventional nursing and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist,adding either auricular point intradermal needling or auricular point sticking can lower the vomiting frequency and nausea severity in the delayed stage and improve appetite in patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy regimen,but they have no notable impact on digestive symptoms in the acute stage;auricular point intradermal needling is superior to auricular point sticking in comparing the overall efficacy.Both auricular point intradermal needling and auricular point sticking can enhance the quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy and reduce their additional antiemetic consumption.

Correlation between physical activity and depressive symptoms in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the correlation between physical activity and depressive symptoms in adolescents, so as to provide a reference for the early prevention of depression among adolescents.@*Methods@#Using a random cluster sampling method, 8 102 adolescents from Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming were investigated via the Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire of Chinese Children and Adolescents aged 7 to 18 and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) for physical activity and depressive symptoms. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between physical activity and depressive symptoms in adolescents.@*Results@#The proportion of adolescents who met moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) standard was 37.0%, and the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 25.6%. The detection rate of depressive symptomsin compliant with MVPA standard group was significantly lower than that in non compliant group among different age and gender( χ 2=7.62-34.54, P <0.05). Adolescents with severe depressive symptoms had high light intensity physical activity(LPA) duration and low vigorous intensity physical activity(VPA) duration, while adolescents with mild depressive symptoms or asymptomatic adolescents had higher MVPA duration. There were differences in LPA and VPA among adolescents with different levels of depressive symptoms in the overall sample, and the differences were still significant among girls, middle school and statistically significant differences in LPA, moderate intensity physical activity(MPA), MVPA were also found among the high school subgroup. However, differences only in LPA were observed among boys with different levels of depression( H=46.48, 10.31, 25.02, 29.54, 30.25, 19.80, 22.20, 9.54, 8.62, 18.06, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression model showed that gender and duration of MVPA were significantly related to risk of depressive symptoms( OR=1.56, 1.42, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Physical activity among adolescents is significantly related to depressive symptoms. MVPA may be an effective measure to reduce the degree of depressive symptoms.To improve the physical health and prevent depression among adolescents, it is important to choose appropriate physical activity types and effectively increase the duration of MVPA.

Correlation between family environment and depressive symptoms among adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the relationship between family environment and depressive symptoms among adolescent, and to provide a reference for adolescent mental health promotion and intervention.@*Methods@#From September to December in 2021, a questionnaire survey on family environment and depressive symptoms was conducted among 8 102 middle school students by random cluster sampling method in Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming. The Chi square test was used to compare the depression status of students in different family environments. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between family environment and depressive symptoms.@*Results@#The detection rates of possible depression, likely depression and severe depression in adolescents were 11.2%, 5.9% and 8.4%, respectively. There were significant differences in the detection rate of depression by gender, academic period, urban and rural areas, family forms and only child statu( χ 2=87.60, 27.19, 6.65, 45.59, 4.78, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents in single parent families ( OR =1.45) and reorganized families( OR =1.69) were positively correlated with the occurrence of depressive symptoms compared with those in nuclear families( P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Compared with nuclear families, the risks of adolescent depressive symptoms in single parent families and reorganized families are higher. Attention should be paid to the mental health education of teenagers from single parents and reorganized families to ensure the development of their physical and mental health.

Artificial intelligence-based CT metrics used in predicting clinical outcome of COVID-19 in young and middle-aged adults.

BACKGROUND: Currently, most researchers mainly analyzed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia visually or qualitatively, probably somewhat time-consuming and not precise enough. PURPOSE: This study aimed to excavate more information, such as differences in distribution, density, and severity of pneumonia lesions between males and females in a specific age group using artificial intelligence (AI)-based computed tomography (CT) metrics. Besides, these metrics were incorporated into a clinical regression model to predict the short-term outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical, laboratory information and a series of HRCT images from 49 patients, aged from 20 to 50 years and confirmed with COVID-19, were collected. The volumes and percentages of infection (POIs) among bilateral lungs and each bronchopulmonary segment were extracted using uAI-Discover-NCP software (version R001). The POI in three HU ranges (i.e., <-300, -300-49, and ≥50 HU representing ground-glass opacity [GGO], mixed opacity, and consolidation) were also extracted. Hospital stay was predicted with several POI after adjusting days from illness onset to admission, leucocytes, lymphocytes, C-reactive protein, age, and gender using a multiple linear regression model. A total of 91 patients aged 20-50 from public database were selected. RESULTS: Right lower lobes had the highest POI, followed by left lower lobes, right upper lobes, middle lobes, and left upper lobes. The distributions in lung lobes and segments were different between the sexes. Men had a higher total POI and GGO of the lungs, but less consolidation than women in initial CT (all p < 0.05). The total POI, percentage of consolidation on initial CT, and changed POI were positively correlated with hospital stay in the model. A total of 91 patients aged 20-50 years in the public database were selected, and AI segmentation was performed. The POI of the lower lobes was obviously higher than that in the upper lobes; the POI of each segment of the right upper lobe in the males was higher than that in the females, which was consistent with the result of the 49 patients previously. CONCLUSION: Both men and women had characteristic distributions in lung lobes and bronchopulmonary segments. AI-based CT quantitative metrics can provide more precise information regarding lesion distribution and severity to predict clinical outcome.

Molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant receptor engagement and antibody evasion and neutralization

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant exhibits striking immune evasion and is spreading globally at an unprecedented speed. Understanding the underlying structural basis of the high transmissibility and greatly enhanced immune evasion of Omicron is of high importance. Here through cryo-EM analysis, we present both the closed and open states of the Omicron spike, which appear more compact than the counterparts of the G614 strain, potentially related to the Omicron substitution induced enhanced protomer-protomer and S1-S2 interactions. The closed state showing dominant population may indicate a conformational masking mechanism of immune evasion for Omicron spike. Moreover, we capture two states for the Omicron S/ACE2 complex with S binding one or two ACE2s, revealing that the substitutions on the Omicron RBM result in new salt bridges/H-bonds and more favorable electrostatic surface properties, together strengthened interaction with ACE2, in line with the higher ACE2 affinity of the Omicron relative to the G614 strain. Furthermore, we determine cryo-EM structures of the Omicron S/S3H3 Fab, an antibody able to cross-neutralize major variants of concern including Omicron, elucidating the structural basis for S3H3-mediated broad-spectrum neutralization. Our findings shed new lights on the high transmissibility and immune evasion of the Omicron variant and may also inform design of broadly effective vaccines against emerging variants.

Development of a set of indexes for the assessment of healthy older Chinese adults / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To develop a set of indexes for the assessment of healthy older adults in China, in order to provide a reference and basis for developing aging-related national policies, standardizing and guiding health management services for the elderly.Methods:A set of indexes for the assessment of healthy older adults in China was established based on a literature review, expert discussions, 2 rounds of Delphi surveys, expert consultations and a cross-sectional study assessing the indexes.Results:The positive coefficients for 2 rounds of expert consultations were 86.25%(69/80)and 94.52%(69/73), respectively.All surveyed experts(100%)specialized in the area of geriatric health and came from 22 provincial-level administrative regions in China.In the two rounds of consultations, the familiarity degree coefficients were 0.706-0.915 and 0.835-0.922, and the authority coefficients were 0.762-0.921 and 0.863-0.932, respectively.The mean importance scores of each index were 6.10-9.74 scores and 7.87-9.56 scores, with perfect score rates of 43%-99% and 75%-99%, respectively.The mean coefficients of variation(CV)were 0.19±0.05(0.07-0.34)and 0.16±0.03(0.10-0.21), respectively.The set of indexes for the assessment of healthy older Chinese adults covered multi-dimensions including physical health, mental health and social health, with 3 primary indexes, 11 secondary indexes and 17 tertiary indexes.Conclusions:The construction process of the set of indexes for the assessment of healthy Chinese adults was scientific and rigorous, and the panelists had a high level of agreement, strong authority and active participation.The set of indexes has comprehensive coverage and an inclusive framework, and indexes at each level are scientific and feasible.It can serve as a reference for the comprehensive assessment of health status of the elderly and for aging-related government policy formulation in the future.

Investigation and analysis on multidimensional health status of elderly residents in the Meiyuan community, Beijing / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate and analyze elderly health on the physical, psychological and social dimensions, so as to understand the health status and care needs of community-dwelling elderly residents.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Meiyuan community, Malianwa Street, Haidian District of Beijing during July 22 to August 26, 2021.A total of 404 people aged 60 and above(70.6±8.6 years old)including 169 men and 235 women were enrolled through cluster sampling.All information about community-dwelling elderly residents was collected with face-to-face interviews and a standardized structured questionnaire for the evaluation and analysis of their physical, mental, social and overall health.Results:The rate of overall healthy residents was 21.3%(86), and the rates of physically, mentally and socially healthy residents were 66.8%(270), 86.6%(350) and 24.3%(98), respectively, in this community.There was a sex difference in social health in the whole group( χ2=9.008, P=0.011)and a higher proportion of men than women were considered generally healthy( χ2=8.963, P=0.003). People in the three age groups(224 in the 60-69 group, 109 in the 70-79 group and 71 in the ≥80 group)showed statistically significant differences in overall, physical, mental and social health( χ2=18.473, 61.186, 43.026 and 18.310, P<0.001), which declined with increasing age( χ2=13.172, 23.515, 26.806 and 10.068, P<0.001 or 0.01). Conclusions:s The overall healthy rate is not high among community-dwelling elderly residents in Beijing.The health status of the elderly gradually deteriorates with age.Health assessment for the elderly should be emphasized and targeted health education and prevention should be provided to promote disease prevention and mental health.

Research progress on diagnostic criteria and related parameters of sarcopenia / 中华老年医学杂志

Sarcopenia is an age-related syndrome characterized by progressive and systemic loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with age.Sarcopenia in the elderly not only leads to falls, fractures, disability, and reduced exercise ability, but also increases their risk of death and financial burden.At present, a number of professional organizations and institutions have published consensus on the assessment and diagnosis of sarcopenia, but the included parameters are not completely consistent.In this paper, the diagnostic criteria and related parameters of each consensus are reviewed.

Predictive value of platelet-albumin-bilirubin score for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the predictive value of platelet-albumin-bilirubin(PALBI)score for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation(LT)in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 102 HCC patients undergoing LT from January 2010 to December 2020.The predictive value of PALBI score for tumor recurrence after LT and the risk factors for tumor recurrence after LT were examined by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve, Kaplan-Meier method and univariate/multivariate Cox regression.Results:The optimal cutoff value of preoperative PALBI score for predicting recurrence was -3.82 with ROC curve, Youden's index 0.317 and area under the ROC curve 0.679.Survival analysis was performed using a PALBI cutoff value of -3.82 as boundary group.The results showed that significant differences existed in 1/3/5-year tumor recurrence rates(17.9% vs.50.0%, 26.9% vs.62.5%, 29.5% vs.62.5%)after low PALBI and high PALBI( P<0.05 for all). Univariate analysis indicated that preoperative tumor maximal diameter, tumor number, Milan criteria, alpha fetoprotein(AFP)level, microvascular invasion, portal venous tumor thrombus, and PALBI score were significantly associated with postoperative tumor recurrence( P<0.05 for all). And multivariate analysis revealed that Milan criteria, AFP level and PALBI score were independent risk factors for postoperative tumor recurrence( P<0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative PALBI score offers some predictive value for postoperative tumor recurrence in HCC patients post-LT.When preoperative PALBI score ≥-3.82 in HCC patients, postoperative tumor recurrence rate is relatively high.

Correlation between serum C1q/tumor necrosis factor-associated protein 3, soluble growth stimulation expression gene 2 protein, Elabela levels and prognosis in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum C1q/tumor necrosis factor-associated protein 3 (CTRP3), soluble growth stimulation expression gene 2 protein (sST2), Elabela and prognosis in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (ASTEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:The clinical data of 118 ASTEMI patients underwent PCI from March 2019 to March 2021 in Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occurred within 90 d, the patients were divided into MACE group (36 cases) and non-MACE group (82 cases). The levels of CTRP3, sST2 and Elabela were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the patients were divided into high CTRP3 group and low CTRP3 group, high sST2 group and low sST2 group, high Elabela group and low Elabela group according to the median, there were 89 cases in each group. MACE was the end point event. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn, and compared by log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of MACE after PCI in patients with ASTEMI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the prediction efficiency of MACE.Results:The sST2 in MACE group was significantly higher than that in non-MACE group: (49.56 ± 17.67) μg/L vs. (30.76 ± 12.83) μg/L, the CTRP3 and Elabela were significantly lower than those in non-MACE group: (0.82 ± 0.42) μg/L vs. (2.02 ± 0.58) μg/L and (17.66 ± 3.85) μg/L vs. (21.84 ± 3.18) μg/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). The incidence of MACE in low CTRP3 group was significantly higher than that in high CTRP3 group: 49.15% (29/59) vs. 11.86% (7/59), the incidence of MACE in lowe Elabela group was significantly higher than that in high Elabela group: 42.37% (25/59) vs. 18.64% (11/59), and there were statistical differences ( χ2 = 19.35 and 7.84, P<0.01); the incidence of MACE in high sST2 group was significantly higher than that in low sST2 group: 38.98% (23/59) vs. 22.03% (13/59), and there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 4.00, P<0.05). The time from admission to MACE was defined as the survival time. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis result showed that the survival time in high CTRP3 group was significantly longer than that in low CTRP3 group: (81.02 ± 3.23) d vs. (56.31 ± 4.74) d, the survival time in low sST2 group was significantly longer than that in high sST2 group: (74.52 ± 3.87) d vs. (61.12 ± 5.07) d, the survival time in high Elabela group was significantly longer than that in low Elabela group: (77.95 ± 3.48) d vs. (58.64 ± 4.89) d, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis result showed that the LVEF, TnI, CTRP3, sST2 and Elabela were independent influencing factors of MACE after PCI in patients with ASTEMI ( HR = 1.632, 1.124, 0.712, 1.482 and 0.676; 95% CI 1.531 to 3.271, 1.012 to 1.482, 0.547 to 0.842, 1.063 to 1.852 and 0.536 to 0.725; P<0.01). ROC curve analysis result showed that the cut-off values of CTRP3, sST2 and Elabela in prediction MACE after PCI in patients with ASTEMI were 0.79, 52.17 and 16.82 μg/L respectively, areas under curve were 0.833, 0.732 and 0.739 respectively. Conclusions:CTRP3, sST2 and Elabela can be used as indicators to predict the early prognosis of ASTEMI patients after PCI.

Targeting macrophagic SHP2 for ameliorating osteoarthritis via TLR signaling

Osteoarthritis (OA), in which M1 macrophage polarization in the synovium exacerbates disease progression, is a major cause of cartilage degeneration and functional disabilities. Therapeutic strategies of OA designed to interfere with the polarization of macrophages have rarely been reported. Here, we report that SHP099, as an allosteric inhibitor of src-homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), attenuated osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. We demonstrated that M1 macrophage polarization was accompanied by the overexpression of SHP2 in the synovial tissues of OA patients and OA model mice. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, myeloid lineage conditional Shp2 knockout (cKO) mice showed decreased M1 macrophage polarization and attenuated severity of synovitis, an elevated expression of cartilage phenotype protein collagen II (COL2), and a decreased expression of cartilage degradation markers collagen X (COL10) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) in OA cartilage. Further mechanistic analysis showed thatSHP099 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling mediated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and PI3K-AKT signaling. Moreover, intra-articular injection of SHP099 also significantly attenuated OA progression, including joint synovitis and cartilage damage. These results indicated that allosteric inhibition of SHP2 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of OA.